Download Chapter_11_Islam_and_its_influence

Islam is established and it’s influence
spreads and grows.
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The religion of Islam emerged on the
Arabian peninsula in the 600s.
Muslim civilization eventually created
cultural ties among diverse peoples
across three continents.
By the 1500s, the Mughals, Ottomans,
and Safavids dominated the Muslim
world.
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Around 610 A.D.
Mohammed began to hear
words of God through angel
Gabriel
622 A.D. Hegira (Medina)
632 A.D. Mohammed dies
and first Caliphate begins
700s A.D. Umayyad Dynasty
spread Islam but were
stopped at Battle of Tours
732A.D.
750-1258 A.D. Abbassid
Dynasty ruled over a Golden
Age.
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900 A.D. Seljuk Turks
migrate into Mid-East.
1200-1300 A.D. Mongol
leaders invade the Mid-East.
1206-1526 A.D. Delhi
Sultanate in India.
1398 A.D. Tamerlane invades
India.
1453 A.D. Ottoman empire
takes Constantinople
1526-1857A.D. Mughal
Dynasty.
1500-1722A.D. Safavid
Dynasty in Persia.
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Muhammad said he heard the angel Gabriel
calling him to be the messenger of God.
Muhammad devoted his life to spreading
Islam.
Muhammad made a journey from Mecca to Medina,
where he was welcomed by Muslim converts. This
was a turning point for Islam called the hegira.
Muhammad returned to Mecca, destroyed the
idols in the Kaaba, and worked to unite Arabs
under Islam.
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Islam arose in the Arabian Peninsula and became one of
the world’s major religions.
Islam is monotheistic, based on the belief in one God.
Muslims believe that the Quran contains the sacred word of
God and is the final authority on all matters.
All Muslims accept five duties, known as the Five Pillars of
Islam:
• faith (There is only Allah and Mohammed is prophet)
• daily prayer (5 times a day facing Mecca)
• charity (almsgiving to poor or % tax)
• fasting during Ramadan (no food or drink during day)
• hajj, or pilgrimage to Mecca (once in life if able)
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Sunni Muslims
Caliph should be chosen by
community and is simply a
leader NOT a religious
authority.
85-90% today are Sunni
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Shiite Muslims
Caliph should be a
descendant of Mohammed’s
or his daughter and
Husband Fatima and Ali.
10-15% today are Shiite
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These powerful caliphates (dynasties) ruled the Islamic
world.
UMAYYADS
Set
up dynasty that ruled
until 750
Conquered lands from
Atlantic to the Indus Valley
Relied on local officials to
govern the empire
Faced economic tensions
between wealthy and poor
Arabs
Had a “tax” on non-Muslims
encouraging conversions
ABBASSIDS
Overthrew
the Umayyads
in 750
Ended Arab dominance and
helped make Islam a
universal religion
Empire of the caliphs
reached its greatest wealth
and power
Muslim civilization enjoyed
a golden age
In the 900s the Seljuk turks invaded the Middle East
weakening the Abbassid Caliph and in 1258 the Mongols
robbed and destroyed Baghdad killing the last Abbassid
Caliph at the time.
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CALLIGRAPHY MATHEMATICS ASTRONOMY
MEDICINE
Calligraphy is
the art of
beautiful writing.
Scholars studied
Indian and Greek
mathematics.
Al-Khwarizmi
observed
eclipses.
Artists worked
Arabic script
into and verses
of the Koran
into building
decorations,
rugs, etc.
Al-Khwarizmi
pioneered the
study of algebra
and wrote
mathematics
textbook that
became standard
in Europe.
Astronomers
calculated the
circumference
of the Earth to
within a few
thousand feet.
Physicians and
Pharmacists had
to pass a test
before they could
practice.
Muhammad alRazi studied
measles and
smallpox.
Ibn Sina wrote a
medical
encyclopedia.
Surgeons
developed
treatment for
cataracts.
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In the 1100s, Muslim Turk invaders entered northern India and
organized a sultanate, or land ruled by a sultan.
Delhi Sultanate 1206-1526 A.D. many Hindus converted to Islam and
when the Mongols raided Baghdad many left for Delhi, India and
it flourished. Hindu + Muslim Culture blended.
Tamerlane invades Northern India in 1398.
Mughal Empire 1526-1857 A.D. One ruler, Akbar the Great, stopped
the taxing of Non-Muslims, appointed Hindus of all castes, and
married a Hindu.
Later his grandson Shah Jahan had the Taj Mahal built as a
tomb/memorial for his wife.
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GOVERNMENT
Suleiman had absolute
power.
Ottoman law was based
on Sharia.
The Ottomans recruited
government and
military officers from
conquered people.
SOCIETY
Society was divided into
four classes, with “men of
the pen” and “men of the
sword” at the top.
Non-Muslims were
organized into millets, or
religious communities.
ARTS
Poets produced works
in the Turkish language.
Painters produced
detailed miniatures and
illuminated manuscripts.
The royal architect
Sinan designed
magnificent mosques
and palaces.
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The most outstanding Safavid shah, or king, Abbas the Great
revived the glory of ancient Persia. During his reign, he
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centralized government
created a powerful military force
strengthened the economy
tolerated non-Muslims and valued their
economic contributions
used a mixture of force and diplomacy against
the Ottomans
forged alliances with European states
built a magnificent new capital at Isfahan
supported the growth of Persian culture