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Ecology Review 1. Which biome is MOST like the desert in terms of precipitation? A. Tundra B. Tropical rain forest C. Temperate deciduous forest D. Temperate grassland Answer A. Tundra 2. What does adaptation mean? 2. Answer process by which an animal or plant species becomes fitted to its environment. Changes that allow it to survive!! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kVaFO0cVoo 3. Which type of plant leaves are an adaptation for life in a warm forest? A. Thin needles that conserve water B. Broad flat leaves that collect sunlight C. Needles that limit the movement of oxygen D. Narrow blades that prevent the flow of carbon dioxide. Answer B. Broad flat leaves that collect sunlight 4. Which of these organisms are decomposers? A. Grasses B. Fungi C. Herbivores D. Carnivores Answer B. Fungi 5. Where do rivers begin? A. In estuaries B. In ocean inlets C. In marshes D. In mountain streams Answer D. In mountain streams 6. •What is an estuary? Answer • the tidal mouth of a large river, where the tide meets the stream. • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XLum SN4G5P4 7. Which quotation is an example of a scientist drawing a conclusion? A. “I think ribosomes are involved in making B. C. D. proteins.” “Ribosomes are formed from proteins and genetic material.” “Do cells that make many proteins have more ribosomes than other cells?” “Observations support my hypothesis that cells that produce large amounts of proteins have many ribosomes.” Answer D. “Observations support my hypothesis that cells that produce large amounts of proteins have many ribosomes.” 8. An environmental scientist says that mountains do not fit into any specific biome. What is the reasoning behind this statement? A. No precipitation falls on a mountain B. Mountains are not very common C. The temperature in a mountain region cannot be measured D. Conditions vary widely from the base to the summit of a mountain Answer D. Conditions vary widely from the base to the summit of a mountain 9. A fossil 362,000 years old. Several scientists analyze the fossil to measure its age. Which measurement MOST accurately reflects the age of the fossil? A. 250,000 B. 300,000 C. 350,000 D. 400,000 Answer C. 350,000 10. Margie’s science class is studying the composition of sea water. Margie accidentally drops a graduated cylinder and it breaks on the floor. Margie should A. Immediately tell her teacher B. Stay away from the spill until the end of class C. Quickly pick up the broken glass, then tell her teacher D. Clean up the glass along with any water, and throw it all in the trash can Answer A. Immediately tell her teacher 11. Spanish moss grows on the branches of oak trees. The moss benefits from being up high and the tree is neither helped nor harmed. What type of relationship exists between these organisms? A. Mutualism B. Parasitism C. Competition D. Commensalism Answer D. Commensalism 12. The dodo bird is an herbivore that once flourished on the island of Mauritius. Explorers landed on the island and some brought animals that hunted the dodo bird. Because of this change, the dodo population MOST LIKELY A. Decreased because predators killed them B. Increased to make up for any losses C. Was not affected because the animals were new to the island D. Became predators that fed on the new animals Answer A. Decreased because predators killed them 13. How are the offspring of sexual reproduction different from the offspring of asexual reproduction? A. The offspring of asexual reproduction cannot B. C. D. reproduce when they mature The offspring of asexual reproduction have the same genetic material as the parent The offspring of sexual reproduction have the same genetic material as the parent The offspring of sexual reproduction can reproduce only through sexual reproduction Answer B. The offspring of asexual reproduction have the same genetic material as the parent 14. Which animal is MOST LIKELY to be found in a tropical rain forest? A. Polar bear B. Buffalo C. Parrot D. Lynx Answer C. Parrot 15. An organism has sharp canine teeth. How might this be an adaptation that helps the organism to survive? A. It makes the organism a successful carnivore B. It helps the organism to stay warm in low temperatures C. It enables the organism to live in water D. It protects the organism as it hibernates Answer 15 A. It makes the organism a successful carnivore 16. Scientists attempt to develop an accurate fossil record. Which statement is BEST supported by the fossil record? A. New species develop every day B. Most species that ever existed have become extinct C. Most species persist for millions of years without change D. Species have only started to become extinct in recent times Answer B. Most species that ever existed have become extinct 17. A researcher has developed a food web to describe a specific ecosystem. What is the purpose of a food web? A. To count the number of organisms in each population B. To predict how a group of organisms will change over time C. To show how matter and energy flow through the ecosystem D. To identify changes that have occurred in a species over generations Answer C. To show how matter and energy flow through the ecosystem 18. Millions of years ago, a dinosaur stepped in soft clay. As sunlight baked and hardened the clay, the footprint was preserved as a A. Rock B. Fossil C. Species D. Fossil fuel Answer B. Fossil 19. What is one of the products of photosynthesis? A. Sunlight B. Oxygen C. Chlorophyll D. Carbon Dioxide Answer B. Oxygen 20. The word symbiosis has a Greek origin. What is the MOST LIKELY translation of the word in Greek? A. Hiding B. Building C. Making food D. Living together Answer D. Living together 21. What is photosynthesis? A. The process through which plants make food B. The process through which cells obtain energy C. The process through which the Sun transmits energy D. The process through which cells grow and divide Answer A. The process through which plants make food 22. How do cows obtain the food they need? A. They produce it using sunlight B. They eat plants, which made food through photosynthesis C. They produce food from energy released by their cells D. They convert gases in the air into food their cells can use Answer B. They eat plants, which made food through photosynthesis 23. How does asexual reproduction differ from sexual reproduction? A. It involves only one parent. B. It results in a single offspring. C. It occurs only in organisms that live in water. D. It does not involve the copying of genetic information. Answer A. It involves only one parent. 24. Which of these organisms almost always reproduces sexually? A. Bacterium B. Animal C. Fungi D. Protist Answer B. Animal 25. Which of the following organisms always reproduces asexually? A. Bacteria B. Fungi C. Plants D. Animals Answer A. Bacteria 26. Which food might a first-level consumer eat? A. Fish B. Bacteria C. Corn D. Worms Answer C. Corn 27. An organism found in an ecosystem breaks down dead plants and animals. In the process, it releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. This organism is MOST LIKELY a A. Producer B. Consumer C. Carnivore D. Decomposer Answer D. Decomposer 28. Which process removes carbon from the atmosphere? A. Combustion B. Respiration C. Photosynthesis D. Volcanic eruption Answer C. Photosynthesis 29. In an ecosystem, plants use the sun’s energy to A. Make sugars B. Create more energy C. Release decomposers D. Create carbon and nitrogen Answer A. Make sugars 30. About how much energy is passed on to each successive trophic level in an ecosystem? A. 10% B. 25% C. 50% D. 100% Answer A. 10% 31. Vampire bats generally live in dark caves, hollows of trees, or attics of abandoned buildings. At night, they feed on the blood of other mammals. What is the ultimate source of energy for vampire bats? A. Moonlight B. Insects C. Sunlight D. Blood Answer C. Sunlight 32. A marsh experiences a sudden, unusual freeze. Many organisms die as a result. The freeze can be considered A. A population B. A limiting factor C. An extinction D. Carrying capacity Answer B. A limiting factor 33. What is the MOST important reason for a scientist to keep honest, clear, and accurate records? A. So other scientists can validate the results B. So the results can be published in a science journal C. So the scientist can receive funding for the research D. So the scientist can present the findings on television Answer A. So other scientists can validate the results 34. A researcher proposes a hypothesis to explain why a population of deer is decreasing. After several years of research, the scientist concludes that the hypothesis was not completely accurate. Which statement BEST describes the scientist’s work? A. The research was a waste of time because the B. C. D. hypothesis was false. The data should be adjusted to suggest that the hypothesis was correct. The hypothesis should be accepted anyway because the scientist invested so much time in the research. The hypothesis was still valuable because it led to new scientific knowledge. Answer D. The hypothesis was still valuable because it led to new scientific knowledge. 35. What happens to the carbon in an organism’s body when the organism dies? A. The carbon is destroyed. B. The carbon remains trapped in its tissues. C. The carbon is returned to the environment by decomposers. D. The carbon is changed into other elements that are needed by soil. Answer C. The carbon is returned to the environment by decomposers 36. Two populations with limited resources experience A. Competition B. Commensalism C. Predation D. Parasitism Answer A. Competition 37. Predators have relationships with prey. In a similar way, parasites have relationships with A. Competitors B. Mutuals C. Hosts D. Other parasites Answer C. Hosts 38. A major factor used to classify biomes is A. The climate in the region B. The sources of water present C. The surface area of the region D. The number of people that live there Answer A. The climate in the region 39. Which two biomes receive the LEAST amount of precipitation? A. Savanna and taiga B. Tundra and desert C. Tropical rain forest and temperate deciduous forest D. Temperate grassland and temperate deciduous forest Answer B. Tundra and desert 40. Which of these biomes is closest to the equator? A. Taiga B. Desert C. Savanna D. Temperate deciduous forest Answer C. Savanna 41. A researcher is studying the plants and animals in a particular biome. The observations include ferns, large woody vines, monkeys, sloths, and boa constrictors. In which biome is the researcher located? A. Desert B. Tropical savanna C. Tropical rain forest D. Temperate deciduous forest Answer C. Tropical rain forest 42. About how much of Earth’s water is fresh water? A. 3% B. 30% C. 75% D. 97% Answer A. 3% 43. A researcher is investigating an estuary. What is an important characteristic of an estuary? A. Its water is locked into frozen sheets of ice B. It consists of cold salt water under high C. D. pressure It is formed by cold, fresh water moving rapidly It contains a mixture of salt water and fresh water It contains a mixture of salt water and fresh water Answer D. It contains a mixture of salt water and fresh water It contains a mixture of salt water and fresh water 44. Which of these is an example of a marine ecosystem? A. Stream B. Ocean C. River D. Lake Answer B. Ocean 45. Why are photosynthetic plankton found only near the surface of the oceanic zone? A. They are too light to sink deeper B. This region of the ocean is very shallow C. Large organisms along the ocean floor eat them D. Sunlight penetrates only for a few hundred meters Answer D. Sunlight penetrates only for a few hundred meters 46. People can swallow the eggs of tapeworms in unclean water or food. Tapeworms can live inside the digestive system of humans. There they grow and feed off the food the person eats. As a result, the person does not receive proper nourishment and becomes ill. What kind of relationship exits between humans and tapeworms? A. Predation B. Parasitism C. Mutualism D. Competition Answer B. Parasitism 47. Sometimes a fungus reproduces sexually. At others, it reproduces asexually. What is the difference between these two processes? A. Sexual reproduction involves two parents B. Sexual reproduction results in only one offspring C. Sexual reproduction does not involve genetic material D. Sexual reproduction produces genetically identical offspring Answer A. Sexual reproduction involves two parents 48. A researcher is investigating the conditions of the biome in which Georgia is located. What biome is the researcher studying? A. Desert B. Tropical savanna C. Temperate grassland D. Temperate deciduous forest Answer D. Temperate deciduous forest 49. A plant called the bullhorn acacia has swollen thorns with hollow spaces inside. A certain species of ant lays eggs inside these thorns. The ants feed from the nectar of the acacia without harming it. The ants protect the acacia from insects that want to eat its leaves or bark. What type of relationship exists between the plant and the ants? A. B. C. D. Mutualism Predation Mimicry Parasitism Answer A. Mutualism 50. A friend from South America visits Georgia during a snowstorm. She exclaims, “This must be the tundra!” What is the value of her claim? A. She must be correct because the tundra B. C. D. receives a lot of snow She cannot make a scientific statement because she is not a scientist She cannot draw conclusions about a biome based on temperature and precipitation She cannot make a valid conclusion based on such a small sample of conditions Answer D. She cannot make a valid conclusion based on such a small sample of conditions 51. Lichens consist of a fungus and alga. The fungus provides a structure on which the alga can grow. The alga produces sugar that the fungus can use. What type of relationship exists between these two organisms? A. Parasitism B. Predation C. Competition D. Mutualism Answer D. Mutualism 52. The prevailing theory had always been that life could exist only if photosynthetic organisms such as plants were available. What experimentation and discovery led to a change in scientific knowledge concerning this theory? A. Organisms that create energy that did not B. C. D. exist before Organisms that conduct photosynthesis without sunlight Organisms that can use energy stored in chemical compounds Organisms that do not require energy to carry out life functions Answer C. Organisms that can use energy stored in chemical compounds 53. What do all of these organisms have in common? Rabbit, fish, hawk, paramecium A. They are all animals B. They all live on land C. They are all producers D. They are all consumers Answer D. They are all consumers 54. People have different ideas about the effect humans have on ecosystems. What is one way that humans help in the survival of species? A. By clear-cutting forests B. By using pesticides to protect plants C. By protecting habitats as national preserves D. By draining wetlands to make room for construction Answer C. By protecting habitats as national preserves 55. Many scientists believe that the extinction of the dinosaurs was caused by the impact of a huge asteroid or meteor. How might this event have caused the extinction? A. It formed a cloud that blocked sunlight needed B. C. D. for photosynthesis It landed on all the dinosaurs and caused them to die It landed on all the plants and caused them to die It made a hole into which the dinosaurs fell Answer A. It formed a cloud that blocked sunlight needed for photosynthesis 56. Why did the population of peppered moths in England change from light to dark after the Industrial Revolution? A. Light moths were killed by soot B. Dark moths were produced by industrial processes C. The birds that ate the dark moths were killed by the soot D. Light moths were more obvious against the soot-stained trees Answer D. Light moths were more obvious against the soot-stained trees 57. Which of these would be considered an adaptation of an animal that lives in the snowy tundra? A. A thick coat B. Green colored skin C. Large, flat leaves D. Webbed feet Answer A. A thick coat 58. Which of these items is MOST LIKELY to be preserved as a fossil? A. A leaf B. A tooth C. Hair D. Blood Answer B. Tooth 59. Most fossils formed in A. Igneous rock B. Sand C. Sedimentary rock D. Metamorphic rock Answer C. Sedimentary rock 60. What types of trees are common in a temperate deciduous forest? A. Trees that lose their leaves and grow new ones each year B. Trees have needles instead of flat leaves C. Trees that are small and are spread far apart from one another D. Trees that are tall, thick, and leafy and keep their leaves all year Answer Trees that lose their leaves and grow new ones each year A. 61. The owner of a construction company says that cutting all of the trees in an area will not affect the environment. Which statement accurately counts this claim? A. Trees create energy that is used by other B. C. D. organisms Trees will make the neighborhood look nicer for buyers Trees are close to becoming extinct and must be preserved Trees produce food and provide homes for other organisms Answer D. Trees produce food and provide homes for other organisms 62. Many people hang mistletoe over doorways during winter holidays. Mistletoe is a plant that feeds on the branches of oak trees. In so doing, it takes away from the nourishment of the tree. What type of relationship exists between oak trees and mistletoe? A. Parasitism B. Mutualism C. Predation D. Competition Answer A. Parasitism 63. What happens to energy as it flows through an ecosystem? A. Much of the energy is destroyed B. Most of the energy is converted into heat C. The amount of energy is doubled at each trophic level D. Energy becomes forever trapped in the tissues of organisms Answer B. Most of the energy is converted into heat 64. H. B. D. Kettlewell conducted a series of experiments to test natural selection among peppered moths. Michael E. N. Majerus argued that Kettlewell’s experiments were not conclusive and that further experimentation needs to be completed. What flaw in Kettlewell’s experiment needs to be corrected? A. All variables were not controlled B. Results were not published quickly enough C. The conclusion opposed an existing theory D. The experiment involved living organisms Answer A. All variables were not controlled 65. A Researcher is studying the pine, spruce, and fir trees during the short summer in a particular biome. During the study, the researcher tries not to disturb the lynx, wolves, bear, and moose that can be found in the area. In what biome is the researcher located? A. Desert B. Taiga C. Savanna D. Tropical rain forest Answer B. Taiga 66. Over many generations populations of giraffes developed longer necks. Why might such a change occur? A. Long necks help giraffes escape from B. C. D. predators Humans find long necks more attractive in giraffes Giraffes with longer necks can obtain food sources other animals cannot reach Giraffes with longer necks require more food than giraffes with shorter necks Answer C. Giraffes with longer necks can obtain food sources other animals cannot reach 67. The clownfish lives among the tentacles of tropical sea anemones. The fish protects the anemone from fish that want to eat it. In turn, the stinging tentacles of the anemone protect the clownfish from predators. A mucus on the fish protects it from the tentacles. What type of relationship does this example describe? A. Parasitism B. Mutualism C. Predation D. Competition Answer B. Mutualism 68. Birds known as cattle egrets feed near grazing cattle. The cattle disturb the vegetation, flushing out insects. The birds feed on these insects. The cattle are neither helped nor harmed by this relationship which is an example of A. Parasitism B. Mutualism C. Predation D. Commensalism Answer D. Commensalism 69. Which of these biomes is closest in latitude to the North Pole? A. Tropical rain forest B. Savanna C. Desert D. Tundra Answer D. Tundra 70.What is the most direct source of energy used by the sunflower plant? A. It uses energy from decayed matter in the soil B. It creates energy from elements in the air and soil C. It obtains energy from animals in its environment D. It converts the energy of sunlight into chemical energy Answer D. It converts the energy of sunlight into chemical energy 71. Several groups of scientists are conducting research in an attempt to understand how hydrothermal vents are related to ocean life. What scientific benefit results when different groups investigate the same question? A. Scientists avoid bias because people within the B. C. D. same group tend to think alike Scientists can write longer reports than they can alone Scientists can use lots of equipment to study the same topic Scientists can become more famous if many people study a topic Answer A. Scientists avoid bias because people within the same group tend to think alike 72. The energy flow through an ecosystem is BEST described by a A. Square B. Pyramid C. Circle D. Rectangle Answer B. Pyramid 73. A student conducts an investigation involving photosynthesis in plants. He places a water plant into a container of water. He then exposes the plant to light and counts the number of oxygen bubbles produced. What variable does the student change, or manipulate, during this experiment? A. Plant type B. Light intensity C. Water temperature D. Amount of oxygen produced Answer B. Light intensity 74. Which unit of measure is MOST appropriate for measuring the length of a river? A. Millimeter B. Centimeter C. Meter D. Kilometer Answer D. Kilometer 75. Lena’s family is camping in a national park. The region they have chosen has definite seasons and rainfall that is spread out throughout the year. They set their camp among maple, oak, and elm trees. During their stay, they see white-tailed deer, raccoons, and squirrels. In which biome is Lena’s family camping? A. Taiga B. Savanna C. Tropical rain forest D. Temperate deciduous forest Answer D. Temperate deciduous forest 76. A scientist proposes a hypothesis to explain how particles are brought into cells as a result of active transport. Research indicates that the hypothesis is not entirely accurate. What should the scientist do as a result of this conclusion? A. The scientist should change jobs B. The scientist should learn from the research C. D. and revise the hypothesis The scientist should insist that the original hypothesis was correct The scientist should publish the hypothesis anyway Answer B. The scientist should learn from the research and revise the hypothesis 77. Animals do NOT obtain nitrogen from the air because A. Air does not contain much nitrogen B. Nitrogen in the air is in a form that animals cannot use C. Animals do no need nitrogen for any life processes D. Animals must create nitrogen from materials they eat Answer B. Nitrogen in the air is in a form that animals cannot use 78. A tick lives on the skin of an animal, such as a deer. The tick obtains nourishment from the blood of the animal. What type of relationship exists between the tick and the deer? A. Mutualism B. Parasitism C. Competition D. Commensalism Answer B. Parasitism 79. What is the shape of a population graph once the population has reached the carrying capacity for the environment? A. The graph is vertical B. The graph is basically flat C. The graph slants steeply upward D. The graph slants steeply downward Answer B. The graph is basically flat 80. How do animals living in ecosystems on land depend on plants for survival? A. Plants use sunlight to make food B. Plants create energy that animals use C. Plants make up the land they walk on D. Plants release carbon dioxide into the air Answer A. Plants use sunlight to make food 81. In a population of codfish, a scientist notes that some fish have larger fins than others. These differences among the traits of organisms in a population are known as A. Variation B. Evolution C. Extinction D. Competition Answer A. Variation 82. Large reef fish have a mutualistic relationship with cleaner fish. This means that as a result of the relationship A. One fish is hurt B. Both fish benefit C. One fish benefits D. Neither fish benefits Answer B. Both fish benefit 83. A researcher is collecting evidence to study an organism that lives in the benthic zone of the ocean. Where can this organism be found? A. In an estuary B. Along the bottom C. On the sandy shore D. Floating near the surface Answer B. Along the bottom 84. A scientist is studying the symbiotic relationship between two animals. What statement about this study is true? A. Special care must be taken with animals used B. C. D. in scientific research Animals change over time so they cannot be used for scientific studies People like animals so the results of their studies will always be popular Animals are easily replaced and therefore make useful subjects for study Answer A. Special care must be taken with animals used in scientific research 85. A horse feeds on grains as well as fruits and vegetables. What role does a horse play in an ecosystem? A. Producer B. First-level consumer C. Second-level consumer D. Decomposer Answer B. First-level consumer 86. What will MOST LIKELY happen to a population of grasshoppers in an ecosystem where a chemical kills all of the grass? A. The population will increase to make up for the B. C. D. lost grass The population will have to learn to produce its own food The population will decrease because they lost a food supply The population will not be affected because grasshoppers are separate from plants Answer . The population will decrease because they lost a food supply C