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Name Ecology Test Study Guide Know what these terms mean: 1. Ecology Study of interactions among organisms in their environment 2. Biosphere Parts of the planet where life exists 3. Abiotic factors Non-living factors of the environment 4. Biotic factors Living factors of the environment 5. Biodiversity All of the different species on Earth 6. Conservation Preserving areas and habitats for species necessary for survival 7. Symbiosis ~Mutualism Two different organisms depending on each other for survival Both organisms benefit ~Commensalism One benefits, one is not affected ~Parasitism One benefits, one is harmed 11. Autotrophs Make their own food 12. Heterotrophs Consume their food ~Carnivores Eat meat ~Herbivores Eat plants ~Omnivores Eat plants and animals ~Detritivores Decomposers, break down organic matter 13. Biomass Total amount of living tissue in a trophic level 14. Limiting Factor 15. Climate Something that limits the population from growing Changes in weather in an ecosystem 16. Carrying Capacity Amount that an area can sustain Organize these words from simplest to most complex and write a short definition: population 1. Species ecosystem species biome community Group of organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring 2. Population Group of organisms that belong to the same species and live in the same area 3. Community Different populations that live in the same area 4. Ecosystem Community of organisms including their non-living factors 5. Biome Group of ecosystems that have the same climate and similar communities Name three threats to biodiversity and explain their effect. 1. Habitat alteration Cutting down forests to build shopping malls removes the habitats of animals 2. Poaching Over hunting can lead to extinction of species 3. Pollution Biomagnification. Pollution goes through the food chain affecting multiple species Decide whether each example is Mutualism (M), Commensalism (C), or Parasitism (P). Circle the correct letter. M C P Pseudoscorpions hide under the wings of beetles for protection and transportation. They don’t sting, and don’t bother the beetles in any way. M C P A virus enters a person’s body and infects its cells, causing the person to become ill. M C P The Gila woodpecker lives on the Saguaro cactus and eats the insects it finds there. It also pollinates the cactus when it flies to another. List the 8 characteristics of life: Made up of cells. Maintain internal balance Genetic code Reproduce Respond to environment Obtain and use Energy Evolve Grow and Develop Use this food web to identify the: Producers Garden Primary Consumers Snail, Centipede, Aphid Secondary Consumers Spider, Bird Herbivores Snail, Centipede, Aphid Carnivores Spider, Bird Omnivores Draw your own food web using the following organisms. You may just use animal names and arrows (you don’t have to draw pictures). caterpillar squirrel snake deer corn microorganisms (decomposers) crow cougar mouse What is carrying capacity? Amount that an area can hold successfully 1. When did this population increase? Day 13 2. What could have caused the increase? Increase in food 3. When did the population reach carrying capacity? Day 23