Download Lesson (1) Measuring Tools Matter: is anything that has MASS and

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Lesson (1)
Measuring Tools
 Matter: is anything that has MASS and VOLUME
Mass:it is the amount of matter in an object.
Volume:is the space occupied by the object.
 Measuring tools
Mass
Tools
Volume
Length
 Common balance
 Sensitive balance
Regular solid: by ruler or
measuring tape
Irregular solid: by
measuring cylinder
 Measuring tape
 Graduated ruler
 The Gram (gm)
 The litre: for liquids(l)
 The cubic centimetre: for
liquids and solids(cm3)
 Centimetre: for small
lengths(cm)
 Metre =100 cm :for
large lengths(m)
Units  The Kilogram
(Kg)
Measuring tools for mass:
 Common balance (two pan balance).
It is used to weight some things such as ½ kg of cheese-one kg of sugar.
 Sensitive balance: It is suitable for small mass such as gold and chemicals.
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Measuring tools for volume:
a- Measuring the volume of a solid body :
I.
Regular solid body: by a ruler or measuring tape to measure the length, width,
height
Volume of regular body =length × width × height
Height
Width
Length
II.Irregular solid body (rock or stone): By a measuring cylinder.
Put water in the measuring cylinder and estimate the water level e.g. 80 cm3 v1)
Volume of irregular shape = V2 – V1 = 100 – 80 = 20 cm3
b- Measuring the volume of liquid: by using measuring cylinder.
C) The length:
Measuring tools for length:
Graduated tape or graduated ruler.
Measuring units for length:
I.
Centimeter = cm. (for small lengths)
II. Meter = 100 cm (for large lengths)
N.B. equal volumes of different materials have different masses.
e.g. Iron ball = wood ball in volume but they are different in their masses.
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Exercises
1)Complete the following :
1- Matter is everything has ……….… and ………….
2- A matter has …………. , …………….. , ………………. .
3- Common balance and sensitive balance are used to measure …………..
4- Kilogram is the unit of measuring ………………… .
5- Meter is the unit of measuring ………………… .
6- Measuring tape is used for measuring ………
7- The mass of fruit is estimated by …………… , while the mass of silver jewellery is estimated by
………………. .
8- Cubic meter is the measuring unit of ………….
9- Oxygen gas occupies a space, so it has a ……………
10- 1 kilogram = ………… grams.
11- One liter = ……….. cm3.
12- Measuring units of volume are ………...., ….……….. and ……..…….
13- Amr has calculated the mass of four equal pieces in volume but from different materials
and compared between the mass of each other, so that Amr wants to prove that the mass of
equal volumes of different materials are …………… .
2)Choose the correct answer :
1-
A stone is put in a jar containing 30 cm3 of water, water level raises in the jar to 50 cm3,
so that the volume of stone equal
(20 cm3 – 30 cm3 – 50 cm3 – 80 cm3).
2Your classmate placed a piece of iron into a 50 cm3 beaker filled completely by water so
that a quantity of water of volume 20 cm3 is poured out the beaker so the volume of this
piece equals
(20 cm3 – 30 cm – 50 cm – 80 cm3)
3The volume of a solid material is measured by (cm – cm2 – cm3).
4We can determine the volume of irregular small stone that does not dissolve in water by
using
(glass beaker – measuring cylinder – common balance – graduated ruler).
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3)Write the scientific terms:
1- Any thing that has mass & volume
(
)
2- It is the space that is occurred by an object
(
)
3- The amount of material that the object contains.
(
)
4- A tool used to estimate the volume of liquid or any
irregular solid body
(
)
5- A tool used to measure the small lengths.
(
)
4)Put a tick (√) or a cross (X) for each statement:1-
Mass is the space occupied by the matter.
(
)
2-
Graduated ruler is used to measure the volume of regular bodies.
(
)
3-
Liter, milliliter, cubic centimeter are the measuring units of mass
(
)
4-
Graduated cylinder in used to measure volume.
(
)
5-
Different bodies that have the same volume are equal in mass.
(
)
5)Measuring one use and unit for each the following:
 Graduated tape …………………..……. .
 Common balance …………….….…….. .
 Graduated cylinder …………………….. .
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Lesson (2)
States of Matter and Change
 Matter exists in three states: solid – liquid – gas.
Shape
Volume
Example
Solid
definite
Definite
Liquid
Gas
indefinite
indefinite
Definite
Indefinite
iron – copper – aluminum –
silver – ice.
water – milk – oil – juice
air – oxygen – CO2 – water
vapour
Matter changes from one state to another by heating or cooling
Properties of matter:
 Melting: it is the change of matter from solid to liquid by heating.
 Evaporation: It is the change of matter from liquid to gas by heating.
 Condensation: it is the change of matter from the gaseous to the liquid by cooling.
 Freezing: it is the change of matter from liquid to solid by cooling.
Melting
Solid
Evaporation
Liquid
Freezing
Gas
Condensation
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Exercise
1)Complete the following statement:
1- States of matter are ………….. , ………………….. , ………………… .
2- There are a definite shape and a definite volume in the …………. state.
3- Matter can be pressed in case of its …………….. state.
4- Matter that takes the shape of its container and its volume can not be changed is …………… .
5- On transferring water from one pot to another, its shape is ………… .
6- Ice can be changed to the water by ……………… .
2)Choose the correct answer:
1- The change of water from liquid to ice is accompanied with
(increase in mass – evaporation – increase in temperature – decrease in temperature).
2- The change of matter from liquid to gaseous state is called
(condensation – evaporation – melting – freezing).
3- Gold industries need …………. Process
(melting – condensation – evaporation – cooling).
4- Cooling is accompanied with ……….. process
(melting – condensation – evaporation – melting & condensation).
5- When a gas condenses, it becomes ……
(solid – liquid – gas-non of them).
3)Put ( ) or (x) in the front of each statement:
1- Solid substance has definite shape and volume.
( )
2- Liquid has indefinite shape and volume.
(
)
3- Matter has one state at room temperature.
(
)
4- The change of ice to water is called freezing.
(
)
5-Liquid evaporates by heating.
(
8
)
4)Write scientific term:
1-
State of matter has definite volume only.
(
)
2-
Changing gaseous sate to liquid state.
(
)
3-
A change in shape and appearance of matter only.
(
)
4-
State of matter takes the shape and volume of the
container.
(
)
5-
Changing solid state to liquid state
(
)
5)What is the name of process that takes place when?
1- Water vapour reaches a cold window
(
)
2- Pieces of ice changed to water
(
)
3- Butter cubes are heated
(
)
4- A bottle of water is put in the freezer
(
)
6)Give reason for:
1- On putting a mixture of gravels & water in a refinery with minute hole, water passes
while gravels remain in the refinery.
……………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………
2- Air is a matter.
……………………………………………………………………………
3- Formation of water drops on the outer surface of bottle filled with ice.
……………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………
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Lesson (3)
Elements around us
 The element: It is the structural unit of matter and it is the simplest form of matter
that can not be decomposed into two substances or more .
 Elements are classified into (metals – non-metals)
Metals
ASolids ,e.g : iron – copper –
aluminum –silver – gold-lead
BLiquids, e.g :Mercury
1- They are shiny (have metallic
luster)
2- They exist in a solid state except
mercury is a liquid.
3- They can be bent, hammered and
stretched into wires (malleable).
4- They are good conductors of
electricity.
5- They are good conductors of heat.
6- They have high melting point.
Non metals
A- Solid, e.g. : Phosphorus – Carbon and
Sulphur.
B- Liquid,e.g :Bromine
C- Gases,e.g: Oxygen – Nitrogen
1- They have no metallic luster except
(diamond).
2- They exist in three states.
3-
They cannot be hammered (not
malleable).
4- They are bad conductors of
electricity except carbon (graphite).
5- They are bad conductors of heat.
6- They have low melting point.
N.B. Diamonds are made of carbon atoms.
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Life application(economic importance) of elements:
Element
Uses
1- Iron
used in making car frames, bridges, doors and lamp
holders ( street lights )
2- Aluminum
used in making cooking pots and foil paper& some
door knobs
3- Copper
used in making electric wires , statues& metallic coins
4- Gold & silver
used in making jewellery
5- Carbon
(graphite)
used in making positive poles of batteries (dry cells )
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Exercise
1)Complete the following statements:
1- ………… is the simplest form of matter that can not be decomposed into two substance or
more.
2- Elements are classified into …………. and ……………
3- Liquid non-metal is ………. while liquid metal is …………. .
4- All metals are solid except …………….. is ……………
5- Metals are good conductors of ……….. and ………….. .
6- Iron is used in making ………….. and …………. .
7- Copper is a ……... element that used in manufacturing …………. and …..……
8- Non-metals are bad conductors of ……….. except ………….. .
9- Metals have ………. Melting points while non-metals have …….. melting point.
10- ……… element is used in making batteries, cooking pots are made of …….. while their handles
are made of …………… .
11- We use ……….. in manufacturing jewels.and………… in manufacturing bridges.
12- Poles of electric cells are made up of …………… .
13- Silver and gold have metallic luster. So, they are ………….. while carbon and sulphur have not
metallic luster. So, they are …………….
14- Non-meals are solid like ……….. , liquid as ……….. and gaseous as …………
15- All the materials you see in your environment are made up of ……….. .
2)Choose the correct answer:
1- All of the following are non-metals except …………(bromine– carbon – mercury)
2- The liquid non-metal is …………..(iron – bromine – copper – mercury)
3- All metals are solid in room temperature except ………….(iron – lead – mercury)
4- The following elements have metallic luster except ………(iron – copper – sulphur – gold)
5- Electric wires are made of ……………(sulphur – carbon – copper – gold)
6- ………….. is a bad heat conductor.(bromine – aluminum – iron – copper)
7- A gaseous non-metal is …………….(bromine – oxygen – copper – iron)
8- Mercury is used in making ……….. (statues – thermometers – bridges)
9- Statues are made up of ………. (copper – sulphur – carbon)
10- Gold & silver are used in manufacturing ……… (bridges – planes – jewels)
11- Cooking pots are made of ………… (Aluminum – iron – sulphur)
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3)Mention one use for each of the following:
1- Copper: ………………………………. ...… 2-Carbon: ………………………………………………
2- Iron:………………………………………...
3-Aluminum:……………………………………………
4)Write the scientific term:
1-Elements that have metallic luster & high melting point.
(
)
2- A non metal that has the ability to conduct electricity
(
)
4- A metal is used to make cooking pots
(
)
6- A metal used in making car chassis
(
)
7- The only liquid metal at room temperature
(
)
8- The building unit of matter.
(
)
9- Elements that cannot be bent or pulled into shapes or wires.
(
)
5- A liquid non metal
5)Put ( ) or (x) in the front of each statement:
1- Gold is a bad conductor of heat.
(
)
2- Cooking pots are made of non metals.
(
)
3- Both iron &Sulphur can be bent
(
)
4- Non-metals exist in solid, liquid and gaseous state
(
)
5- Nitrogen, Aluminum and Sulphur are metals.
(
)
6- Cooper is used in making electric wires
(
)
7- The positive pole of the dry cell (battery) is made of carbon.
(
)
8- Mercury is a liquid metal.
(
)
6)Give reason for:
1- Gold & Silver are used in making jewels.
………………………………………………………………………………
2- Electric wire is not made of sulphur.
………………………………………………………………………………
3- Carbon is used to make the positive poles of the batteries (dry cell).
………………………………………………………………………………
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Lesson(4)
Physical and chemical changes
Example:Melting
Evaporation
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Freezing
Condensation
The changes of matter
A) Physical change
B) Chemical change
It is the change in shape and
appearance only not in the
structure of matter
It is the change in structure and
properties to produce new substances
with new properties
Examples :
Examples :
1- Melting (ice – chocolate – butter)
2- Evaporation (water – perfume)
1- Burning, charring or combustion of
(paper, wax, fuel and sugar).
3- Freezing (water – milk)
2- Respiration process.
4- Condensation (water vapour)
3- Photosynthesis process.
5- Dissolving (salt – sugar)
4- Rusting of Iron.
6- Grinding (sugar – chalk)
5- Fermentation & rotten of fruits.
7- Cutting (wood – paper)
6- Adding baking soda to vinegar.
8- Malleability, ductility& bending of 7- Production of yoghurt from milk.
an element ( gold-iron-copper….)
8- Addition of yeast to pastry (doughs)
9- Paper recycling
9- Digestion of food.
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Exercise
1)Complete the following statements:
1- Matter exists in ………….. states which are ……….. , ………. and ………
2- Matter is anything has ………… and ……………
3- Matter can be changed from one state to another by ………… or by …….. .
4- The ………………... change is a change in the appearance of matter not in structure.
5- The chemical change of matter is the change in ………. and ………….. .
6- Melting of ice is considered a ……….. change.
7- Burning of wood is considered a ……… change.
8- Boiling of water forming water vapour is considered as a ………… change.
9- Charring of bread is a ……. change. Dissolving table salt in water is a ……….. change.
10- Condensing water is considered a ………….. change.
11- Paper recycling is a …………… change.
12- Fermentation of fruits is a ……………. change.
13- Grinding sugar is a ……….. change while burning it is a ……….. change.
2)Choose the correct answer:
1- The burning process of matter is a (chemical – physical) change.
2- Water can be changed into ice by ………….. process.
(freezing – melting – rusting – condensation)
3- Respiration and photosynthesis processes are considered examples for
(chemical – physical) change of matter.
4- When iron is exposed to air, it …………
(freeze – evaporates – rusts)
5- Condensation of water vapour is considered a (chemical – physical) change.
6- Melting of candle is a (physical – chemical) change while its burning is considered a
(physical – chemical) change.
7- In (chemical – physical) changes the matter keeps it is own properties.
8- All the following are physical changes except …………..
(burning – grinding – dissolution – melting)
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3)Write scientific term:1- A change in the structure of substance that gives a new
substance with new properties.
(
)
2- A change in the appearance in shape of matter without
any change in the structure and properties.
(
)
4)Give reason for:
1- Rusting of iron is a chemical change.
………………………………………………………………………………….
2- Melting of wax is a physical change while burning of wax is a chemical change.
………………………………………………………………………………….
3- Freezing of water is a physical change.
………………………………………………………………………………….
5)What happen if :
1-
A bright shiny iron nail is moistened and exposed to air.
………………………………………………………………………………..
2- We put a bottle of water in the freezer for a day.
………………………………………………………………………………..
6)Compare between physical change & chemical changes:
P.O.C
Physical change
Chemical change
Definition:
Example:
1-
1-
2-
2-
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Unit 1 revision
Complete the following:
1-
Meter is the unit of measuring………… while kilogram is the unit of measuring ……………
2-
Matter is anything that has …………… and …………..
3-
Liquid has indefinite ……………. And ………… volume
4-
Ice can be changed to water by ……………., while if water freezes it becomes …………….
5-
Non metals are bad conductor of …………. Except ……………
6-
Poles of electric cell are made up of …………..
2) Write scientific term:
1- unit to measure the small masses
(…………….)
2-unit to measure the small length
(………………)
3-unit to measure the volume of the liquid
(……………)
3) Put (√) or (×):
1- liquid evaporate by heating
(...)
2-gold is a bad conductor of heat
(...)
3- Nitrogen, aluminum and sulfur are metals
4-cooper is used for making electric wire
(...)
(...)
4) Give reason for :
1-air is matter
…………………………………………………………
2-formation of water drops on the outer surface of the bottle filled with ice
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…………………………………………………………
3-gold and silver are used to make jewels
…………………………………………………………
Unit 1 revision
Complete the following:
1-
Burning of wood and charring of bread is ……………change
2-
Melting of ice and boiling of water is considered ……………change.
3-
Meter is the unit of measuring………… while kilogram is the unit of measuring ……………
4-
Matter is anything that has …………… and …………..
5-
They are types of balances are ………………. And …………………..
6-
Graduated cylinder is used to measure …………………..
2) Write scientific term:
1-anything that has mass and volume
(………………)
2-the amount of material that the object contains
(…………….)
3-a tool used to measure the small lengths
(……………….)
3) Put (√) or (×):
1-matter has 3 states at room temperature
(...)
2-the change of ice to water is called freezing
(...)
3-mercury is liquid metal
(...)
4) Give reason for :
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1- Car chassis and bridges are made up of iron
…………………………………………………………
2-rusting iron is considered chemical change
………………………………………………………..
3-melting chocolate is physical change
……………………………………………………….
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The planet
The property
The shape
1-They are lightning bodies in the space.
2-They are of different sizes and shapes.
3-The big Stars look very small because they are farfrom us.
It consists of
1- The Sun.
2- Eight Planets. 3- Moons.
4- Other celestial bodies (Comets-Asteroids-meteoroids- Meteors).
-It is the center of the solar system and It radiates heat &light.
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Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
*The nearest planet to
the Sun.
*The most beautiful
one.
*The planet where we
live.
*The red planet.
*The biggest planet.
*It has many colored
rings around it.
*The coldest planet.
*The blue planet.
Uranus
Neptune
1-They are dark bodies they do not emit light.
2-There are eight Planets in the Solar system, they revolve around the Sun in fixed orbits.
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*They are followers to the planets & revolve around some of them.
*They are dark bodies but they seems shiny because they reflect the Sun light.
Exercise
1)Complete the following statements:
1- The ……….. is located in the center of the solar system and there are ……… revolving around
it in definite orbits.
2-
The earth is located between …………. and …………… .
3-
The …………. is the smallest planet while ………… is the farthest planet from the sun.
4-
Mars is known as …………. while Neptune is the …………….
5-
The biggest planet is …………., while ………… is the smallest planet.
6-
The sun radiates …………… and ………………. .
7-
The solar system includes ………… , …………… , Moons, ………….. Meteors ………….. and comets.
8-
…………….. is the most beautiful planet.
9-
…………. is the blue planet, while Uranus is the ………….. planet.
10- ………… planet has colored rings, while we live on ………… planet.
11- The planets revolve around …………. while moons revolve around …………….
2)Choose the correct answer:
1-
The nearest planet to the sun is ……….
(the earth – mercury – Neptune – Jupiter)
2- The biggest planet is ……….
(the Earth – mercury – Neptune – Jupiter)
3- Moons are followers for the ………………
(stars – planets – comets – meteors)
4-
…………….are follower to the planets.
(Stars – moons – comets – meteors)
3)Write scientific term:
1- A dark body revolves around the sun and we live
onit.
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(
)
2- Dark bodies revolve around the planets and reflect
the sunlight falling on them.
3- Moons, meteors, sun, eight planets, asteroids,
comets and meteorites.
4-
A celestial body emits heat & light.
4)Give reasons for:
1- The sun is a star while the earth is a planet.
………………………………………………………………………………
2- The stars seem very small in size.
………………………………………………………………………………
3- The moon is a dark body but we see it shining.
………………………………………………………………………………
4- The sun seems bigger to us than the other stars.
………………………………………………………………………………
Lesson (2)
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(
)
(
)
The Rotation of the Sun & Earth
First: The rotation of the sun:
 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, at midday it is in the middle of the
sky.
 So sun looks to be moving but this is not true .this is called the apparent rotation
of the sun.
 The apparent movement of the sun is caused due to the rotation of the earth
around its axis, not due to the rotation of the sun.
 Movement of the shadw is due to tthe apparentrotation of the sun .
Second: Rotation of the earth:
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a) Rotation of Earth around its B )The revolution of Earth
axis (itself):
around the sun
a-
It takes 24 hours (1 day).
bIt causes the sequence of day
& night.
year).
-
N.B: Hours of day and night are
not equal .( G. R.F )?
Because of axis of earth is inclined not vertical
It takes 365 ¼ days (1
-
It causes the sequence of four
seasons.
N.B:

The pole that faces the sun
will be summer

The day in the summer is
longer than the day in the
winter.In spring & autumn the
day is nearly equal to the night.
vertical

The night in winter is longer
than in summer
inclined
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N.B:

The length of the day = time of sunset – time of sunrise.
Activity :

which pole is in summer season:
Exercise
A. Complete the following statements:
1-
The day is longer than the night in ……………….. season.
2-
In the …………. season, the day is shorter than the night.
3-
Day and night are nearly equal only in ………… and ………….
4- Earth revolves around the sun once every …………………., while it rotates
around its axis once every ……………
5-
Sequence of day and night occurs due to ………………………….….
6-
The sun rises in …………… and sets in ……………...
7-
The earth rotates around ………….. and …………...
8-
Axis of earth is ………………….
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9- Sequence of ……………………..…… occurs due to rotation of the earth around its
axis, while sequence of ……………………..…. occurs due to rotation of the earth
around.
10- The number of hours at day is not equal to the number of hours at night
because the ………….…. of the earth is ……………..
B. Choose the correct answer :
1-
The sequence of day & night is occurred due to ……………
(rotation of the earth around the sun – rotation of the earth around itself – rotation
of the sun around its axis)
2-
The number of the day hours are equal to the number of the night hours in
(summer – winter – spring – all of the seasons)
3-
The sequence of the seasons of the year occurs due to ………………
(revolution of the earth around the sun – rotation of the earth around its axis –
rotation of the sun around its axis).
4-
Time of sunset – time of sunrise equals ……………
(length of day – length of night – length of year – path of planets).
5-
Changing the position of a shadow of an object during the day occurs due to
(rotation of the sun around the earth – rotation of the sun around its axis – rotation
of the earth around its axis – rotation of the earth around the sun).
6-
The earth’s axis is ……………. .
(vertical – inclined – horizontal – no correct answer)
7-
The part of the earth that faces the sun …………….
(doesn’t get light – is darker than the other side – is at day time – is at night)
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8- When winter is the season in southern hemisphere, ………… is the season in
northern hemisphere .
(spring – summer – autumn – winter)
C.
Put ( ) or (x)in the front of each statement:
1- The movement of the shadow of any object exposed to
sunlight is due to the apparent movement of the sun
2- The Earth revolves around the sun in 365 ¼ days.
3- The day is nearly equal to the night in summer and autumn
4- Hours of the day are not equal to those of the night as the
Earth’s axis is inclined.
5- The rotation of the earth around the sun causes sequence of
day & night
6- The rotation of the earth around itself causes the sequence
of day and night.
(
(
(
)
)
)
(
)
(
)
(
)
D. Write scientific term:
1- Time of sunrise – time of sunset
2- Seasons where the hours of day are nearly equal
to those of night
3- They occur when the earth rotates around its
axis.
4- They occur when the earth rotates around the
sun
5- The season in which day is longer than night.
E. Give reasons for:
1- Sequence of day and night.
……………………………………………………………………………
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(
)
(
)
(
)
(
(
)
)
2- Sequence of the four seasons.
……………………………………………………………………………..
3- The numbers of hours of day and night are not equal.
……………………………………………………………………………..
4- Apparent movement of sun.
……………………………………………………………………………..
Lesson (3)
Motion of the Moon
The Moon
- is a dark body.
- It is shining in the sky at night because it reflects the sun light falling on it.
Rotation of the moon:
1- Around its axis
2- Around the Earth
30
every 28 days
a-
in a circular path once every 28
days.
b-
causes the phases of the moon.
Phases of the moon:
First gibbous
First
quadrature:
(Half moon)
First crescent
Full moon:
New moon:
1- Second
quadrature:
Second gibbous
(Half moon)
Second crescent:
N.B:
1) FIRST CRESCENT :at begining of lunar month
2) Full moon: Mid of lunar month -After 14 days -Completely shiny
3) New moon: At end of lunar month-Completely dark
Attraction forces
There are attraction forces between Earth, sun and moon.
Because of this attraction force
31
Earth and moon rotate in fixed
orbit or path
Occuarnce of tide and ebb
The ebb and tide
 Occur in water surface water represents 71% of earth surface
 happens due to the attraction between earth, moon and sun
 The moon is more effective than the sun because it is nearer to the earth.
a- The tide
b- The ebb
32

it is the rise of water level
in the water surface to cover
sea shore.

it is the return back of
water to its normal level.

The maximum rising of
water level is in half lunar
month (full moon).
The benefits to tide & ebb
Generating electricity (it rotates turbine to produce electricity).
Cleaning the casts (it carries the wastes to the bottom of the sea).
Cleaning the water canals.
-Helping ships & boats to move (because there are shallow water paths).
Exercises
A. Complete the following statement :
1- Moon rotates around ………..… and around ……….….. in 28 days.
33
2- Moon rotates around the Earth in …………..…. path.
3- The moon is called …………………… when it is completely shining and is called
……………….. when it is completely dark,
4- The moon is called …………...…. in mid of the lunar month.
5- The moon rotates around the Earth in ……..…… path due to ……..…. force between them.
6- The rise of water level is high at ……….. phase of the moon.
7- …………. is the return back of water to its normal level.
8- ………..….. and …………… are considered benefits of tide and the ebb.
B. Choose the correct answer:
1- The attraction of the earth and moon results in …………..
(day and night – seasons of the year – tide and ebb – phases of moon)
2- In the middle of the lunar month the moon phases is ………….
(crescent – full – first – quadrature – second quadrature)
3- We can depend on tides and ebb to generate …………….
(electricity – petroleum – coal – natural gas)
4- The phases of the moon are resulted from rotation of the earth …………
(around the axis – around the earth)
5- The maximum tide when the moon is in the ……………..
(first quadrature – second quadrature – crescent – full moon)
6- The moon does not radiate light but it appears illuminated at night because (it
reflects the sun light – it rotates with high speed – its surface is zigzag – its surface is
covered with snow)
7- The moon is more effective than the sun in the tide and ebb because
(it is nearer to earth – its attractive force is greater than the sun – it contains more iron
than the sun)
8- The tides are useful in
(generating electricity – cleaning the coasts – all the previous)
9- ………… is the rise of water level in water surface to cover sea shores
(tide – ebb – spring)
34
C. Correct underlined words:
1- The nearest neighbor to earth in space is the sun.
(………………..)
2- The moon is a dark body but it seems shining because it absorbs the sun light falling
on its surface.
(………………..)
3- The time of the moon rotation around its axis equals the time of it’s rotation around
the sun.
(………………..)
4- The moon rotates around the Earth in a straight path. (………………..)
5- The moon is crescent at mid lunar month.
D.Give reason for:
1- Occurrence of moon phases.
……………………………………..………………………………………….
2- Occurrence of tide and ebb.
……………………………………..………………………………………….
35
(………………..)
E. Write scientific term:
1- A dark body that seems bright as it reflects sun
light
2- The phase of the moon in the mid of the lunar
month.
3- The rise of water level in water surfaces to cover
seashores.
4- It is the return back of water to its normal level
5- The phase of the moon at the beginning of the
lunar month.
(
)
(
)
(
(
)
)
(
)
F. Put ( ) or (x) in the front of each statement:
1- The moon rotates around its axis and the earth every 30 days
(
)
2- Crescent appears twice during the lunar month
(
)
3-Attraction force between celestial bodes causes rotation of
moon, earth and sun in certain path.
(
)
4- Water represents 50% of earth surface.
(
)
5- Ebb is the rise of water level in water surface to cover the land
(
)
6- The Sun is the most effective on the tide phenomenon.
(
)
7- Cleaning the beaches and water channels are from the benefits of
tide
(
)
8- Tide is the return back of water to the sea.
)
36
(
Lesson (4)
Weather and atmosphere
*Our atmosphere is formed of different gases ( O2, CO2 ,N2 ,Water Vapour, and other gases).
*O2 (Oxygen) 21% = 1/5 of air
*N2 (Nitrogen) 78%
*CO2 (Carbon dioxide ) 0.03%
*Water vapour& other gases
Oxygen
-Respiration
-Combustion
-Welding
metals
-Cylinders for
breathing
under water
Carbon dioxide
Nitrogen
Water
vapour
Photosynthesis
Process.
- Soda water
-Fire
extinguisher
-It turbid
limewater
- Industry of
Ammonia
&
fertilizers
- Causes
37
- Decrease
combustion
of oxygen
appearanc
e of water
droplets on
a cold glass
Factors affecting the weather :1- Temperature.
3- Winds.
2- Atmospheric pressure.
4- Clouds and rains.
1)
Temperature:* Temperature is measured by mercury or digital thermometers.
* Maximum temperature :it is the expected temperatureduring day time.
* Minimum temperature : it is the expected temperature during night time.
2)
Atmospheric pressure:* Atmospheric pressure is measured by Barometer.
* There are places with high atmospheric pressure &others with low atmospheric pressure .
3) Wind:-
-It is the movement of air from high pressure areasto low pressure areas .
* Wind speed is measured by anemometer .
* Wind direction is measured by vane.
4)Cloud and rains:
a- Formation of the clouds:
-
Due to evaporation of water in seas, oceans by the effect of sun.
-
Water vapour rises up in the sky, then it is cooled & condensed forming clouds.
b-Formation of rain:
-
Wind moves the clouds.
-
38
-
When the volume of the water drops increases, the air can not carry them and rain
falls.
Importance of weather prediction (guess):1- The prediction of low temperature thatmakes themwear heavy clothes.
2- The prediction of strong winds that causes highwaves so, the
ships and fishing boats are not to sail.
3- The prediction of foggy days so car drivers should slow down to avoid accidents.
39
Exercises
A. Complete the following:
1-
Green plants depend on ……….. gas in the process of photosynthesis.
2-
Nitrogen gas is used in ………. and ………. industries.
3-
……….. is used to determine the direction of the wind.
4- The atmospheric pressure is measured by …………….….., while the speed of the
wind is measured by ……………. .
5-
………… gas is necessary for combustion of fuel in houses.
6- CO2 gas is used in the manufacture of ……………..….. and fire extinguishing
equipments.
7-
…………………..… is the temperature expected during the daytime.
8-
…………………….. is the temperature expected at night.
9- …………… is the movement of air from high pressure regions to low pressure
regions.
B)Choose the correct answer:
1-
The speed of wind is measured by ……………….. .
(thermometer – Anemometer – Barometer – Vane).
2-
The barometer is used for measuring ……………. .
(the temperature – wind speed – wind direction – atmospheric pressure)
3-
A gas represents 1/5 of the volume of the atmosphere is ……………
(oxygen – nitrogen – carbon dioxide – hydrogen)
4-
A gas changes the clear lime water to milky is ………………..
(oxygen – nitrogen – carbon dioxide – hydrogen)
5-
The temperature of the atmosphere is measured by ………….. .
(anemometer – thermometer – vane – barometer).
6-
The ratio of CO2 gas in air is …………..(0.3% - 21% - 0.03% - 87%)
40
C)Put ( ) or (x) in the front of each statement:
1- O2 gas is consumed during respiration and burning processes. (
)
2- The prediction of low temperature makes the people wear
light clothes.
3- Wind speed causes high waves.
(
)
4- Air contains water vapour.
5- the ratio of O2 gas in air is more than the ratio of Co2 gas
(
)
(
)
(
)
D)Mention one importance of each of the following:
1- O2 gas: ……………………………………………………………………
2- CO2 gas: ………………………………………………………………….
3- Nitrogen gas: …………………………………………………………….
4- Barometer: ……………………………………………………………….
5- Anemometer: …………………………………………………………….
6- Limewater: ………………………………………………………………
7- E)Give reason for:
1- The presence of CO2 in air is very important.
………………………………………………………………………………
2- The presence of some droplets of water on a glass filled with ice.
………………………………………………………………………………
F)Compare between O2 gas and Co2 gas according to :
P.O.C
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Ratio
41
Importance
1-
1-
2-
2-
Unit 2 revision
1) Complete the following:
1-…………… gas is used in manufacture of …………… and fire extinguishing equipments
2- …………… is used to determine the direction of wind and …………. To measure its speed
3- The moon shines because it ……….. Sun light, while sun radiate ………… and ………
4- …………….. is the red planet while ,Neptune is the …………. Planet
5- The earth is located between …………….. And ………………
6- …………… is the most beautiful planet and …………….. is the biggest planet
2) Write scientific term:
1- They occur when the earth rotate around the sun
(………………..)
2-the rise of water level in water surface to cover sea shores
3-a dark body that seems bright as it reflects sunlight
(……………)
(………….)
4-the phase of the moon at the beginning of the lunar month (………………)
5- it is the movement of the air from region of high pressure to region of low pressure
(…………………….)
3) Put (√) or (×):
1- Crescent appears twice during the lunar month
(...)
2-the sun is the most attractive on the tide phenomenon (...)
3- Wind speed causes high waves
(...)
4-air contains water vapor
(...)
42
4) Give reason for :
1-ocuur of tide and ebb
……………………………………………………
2- The humidity increase in the coastal region
…………………………………………………..
Unit 2 revision
1) Complete the following:
1-The moon shines because it ……….. Sun light, while sun radiate ………… and ……………
2-
…………….. is the red planet while ,Neptune is the …………. Planet
3-
The earth is located between …………….. And ………………
4-
…………… is the most beautiful planet and …………….. is the biggest planet
5-
Axis of the earth is ………….. So, the sequence of ……………….. is occur .
6-
The earth rotates around ………………. And ………………..
2) Write scientific term:
1- a dark body revolve around the sun and we live on it
(………………)
2-the coldest planet in the solar system
(………………..)
3-the nearest planet to the sun
(………………..)
4- The farthest planet from the sun
(…………………)
5- They occur when the earth rotate around its axis
(…………….)
3) Put (√) or (×):
1- when the stone put in ajar contain 30 cmɜ the water rise up to 5o cmɜ ,so the volume of stone is equal= 80 cmɜ
(...)
2- If the width of a brick =2 cm, its length = 4 cm and its height = 1 cm so, its volume = 8 cmɜ (...)
3- Saturn planet has color ring surrounded it
(...)
4) Give reason for :
43
1-melting chocolate is physical change
……………………………………………………….
2-the sun is star but earth is planet
……………………………………………………….
3-the sun seems bigger to us than the other stars
………………………………………………………
Exercises
1) Complete the following:
1-
Meter is the unit of measuring………… while kilogram is the unit of measuring ……………
2-
Matter is anything that has …………… and …………..
3-
They are types of balances are ………………. And …………………..
4-
Measuring tape is used to measure ……………. While ruler is used to measure …………..
5-
Graduated cylinder is used to measure …………………..
6-
States of matter are …………..,…………..,…………..
7-
………………... have definite shape and definite volume while gases have ……………. Shape ……… volume
8-
Liquid has indefinite ……………. And ………… volume
9-
Ice can be changed to water by ……………., while if water freezes it becomes …………….
10-
Condensation is the change of matter from ……………. State to …………….. state
11-
If liquid evaporates it becomes ………………
12-
Iron is used in making …………… and …………….
13-
Liquid non metal is ………….. While liquid metal is ………………
14-
Metals are good conductor of ……………. And ………………
15-
…………….. is the simplest form of matter that cannot be decomposed into two substance or more
16-
Non metals are bad conductor of …………. Except ……………
17-
Poles of electric cell are made up of …………..
18-
Metals have ……… melting point while non metals have ……….. melting point
44
19-
Cooking pot is made of ……….. and …………..is used in making jewels
20-
The group of element that have luster is ………….. While the group of element that have not luster is …………………
21-
Matter can change from state to another by …………. Or …………….
22-
The …………… change is change in the appearance not matter not in structure
23-
Burning of wood and charring of bread is ……………change
24-
Melting of ice and boiling of water is considered ……………change.
25-
The moon shines because it ……….. Sun light, while sun radiate ………… and ……………
26-
…………….. is the red planet while ,Neptune is the …………. Planet
27-
The earth is located between …………….. And ………………
28-
…………… is the most beautiful planet and …………….. is the biggest planet
29-
Axis of the earth is ………….. So, the sequence of ……………….. is occur .
30-
The earth rotates around ………………. And ………………..
31-
Sequence of four seasons occurs due to …………………..
32-
The earth take ………… to complete its rotation around itself
33-
In …………… and ……………. The day equals the night
34-
Moon rotate around the earth in …………. Path in ………. Days
35-
The moon is called ……….. In the mid of lunar month causing tide and ebb.
36-
…………is the return back of water to its normal level and …….. is rising of the water level
37-
……………. And …………. From benefit of tide and ebb
38-
……………… is the temperature expected at night but ……………… is the temperature expected at day
39-
…………… gas is used in manufacture of …………… and fire extinguishing equipments
40-
…………… is used to determine the direction of wind and …………. To measure its speed
41-
……… gas is necessary for combustion of fuel in houses and nitrogen gas is used in ……….. And ………. Industries
2) Write scientific term:
1-anything that has mass and volume
(………………)
45
2-the amount of material that the object contains
(…………….)
3-a tool used to measure the small lengths
(……………….)
4- unit to measure the small masses
(…………….)
5-unit to measure the small length
(………………)
6-unit to measure the volume of the liquid
(……………)
7-unit to measure the volume of the solid
(……………….)
8-elements that cannot bent or pulled into shapes or wires
(…………….)
9-elements that have metallic luster and high melting point
(……………)
10- A non metal that has ability to conduct electricity
(……………..)
11-change of matter in its shape and properties and give new substance (………….)
12- a dark body revolve around the sun and we live on it
(………………)
13-the coldest planet in the solar system
(………………..)
14-the nearest planet to the sun
(………………..)
15- The farthest planet from the sun
(…………………)
16- They occur when the earth rotate around its axis
(…………….)
17-They occur when the earth rotate around the sun
(………………..)
18-the rise of water level in water surface to cover sea shores
19-a dark body that seems bright as it reflects sunlight
(……………)
(………….)
20-the phase of the moon at the beginning of the lunar month (………………)
21- it is the movement of the air from region of high pressure to region of low pressure
(…………………….)
22-it is the expected condition of the atmosphere at a certain area during short period of time not exceeding one
week
(…………………..)
3) Put (√) or (×):
1-matter has 3 states at room temperature
(...)
2-the change of ice to water is called freezing
(...)
3-liquid evaporate by heating
(...)
4-gold is a bad conductor of heat
(...)
5- Nitrogen, aluminum and sulfur are metals
(...)
46
6-cooper is used for making electric wire
(...)
7-mercury is liquid metal
(...)
8- The movement of shadow of any object exposed to sunlight due to the apparent movement of the sun
(...)
9-The earth revolves around the sun in 365 1/4 days
(...)
10-Attraction force between celestial bodies causes rotation of the moon, earth and sun in a certain path
(...)
11- Crescent appears twice during the lunar month
(...)
12-the sun is the most attractive on the tide phenomenon (...)
13- Wind speed causes high waves
(...)
14-air contains water vapor
(...)
15-the ratio of oxygen gas in air is more than the ratio of carbon dioxide
Gas
(...)
15- when the stone put in ajar contain 30 cmɜ the water rise up to 5o cmɜ ,so the volume of stone is equal= 80 cmɜ
(...)
16- If the width of a brick =2 cm, its length = 4 cm and its height = 1 cm so, its volume = 8 cmɜ (...)
17- Saturn planet has color ring surrounded it
(...)
4) Give reason for :
1-air is matter
…………………………………………………………
2-formation of water drops on the outer surface of the bottle filled with ice
…………………………………………………………
3-gold and silver are used to make jewels
…………………………………………………………
4-carbon is used to make poles of the batteries
…………………………………………………………
5-mercurey is used to make thermometer
…………………………………………………………
47
6- Car chassis and bridges are made up of iron
…………………………………………………………
7-rusting iron is considered chemical change
………………………………………………………..
8-melting chocolate is physical change
……………………………………………………….
9-the sun is star but earth is planet
……………………………………………………….
10-the sun seems bigger to us than the other stars
………………………………………………………
11- Sequence of day and night
……………………………………………………….
12- Sequence of four seasons
………………………………………………………
13-occur of moon phases
………………………………………………………
14-ocuur of tide and ebb
……………………………………………………
15- The humidity increase in the coastal region
…………………………………………………..
5) What happen when?
1-A bright shiny iron nail is moistened and exposed to air
………………………………………………...
2-Butter cubes are heated
………………………………………………..
3- A bottle of water is put in the freezer
……………………………………………….
6) Mention one use for each of the following :
1-carbon: ……………………………………
48
2- copper: ……………………………………
3- gold: ……………………………………..
4-iron: ………………………………………
5-graduated tape: ……………………………
6-common balance: ……………………………
7-senstive balance: …………………………….
8-graduated cylinder: …………………………..
9- thermometer: ………………………………..
10-the barometer: ………………………………
11-CO2: ………………………………………..
12- N2: ……………………………………….
Exam 1
1) Complete the following:
•
If liquid evaporates it becomes ………………
•
Iron is used in making …………… and …………….
•
Poles of electric cell are made up of …………..
•
Burning of wood and charring of bread is ……………change
•
The earth is located between …………….. And ………………
•
Sequence of four seasons occurs due to ………………….
•
The moon is called ……….. In the mid of lunar month causing tide and ebb.
•
Matter is anything that has …………… and …………..
2) Put (√) or (×):
1- The movement of shadow of any object exposed to sunlight due to the apparent movement of the sun (...)
2-the ratio of oxygen gas in air is more than the ratio of carbon dioxide gas
(…)
3- If the width of a brick =2 cm, its length = 4 cm and its height = 1 cm so, its volume = 8 cmɜ (...)
49
4- Crescent appears twice during the lunar month (...)
3)Write scientific term:
(……………....)
1-the coldest planet in the solar system
2-elements that have metallic luster and high melting point (……………….)
3-a tool used to measure the small lengths
(……………….)
4-They occur when the earth rotate around the sun (………………..)
5- it is the movement of the air from region of high pressure to region of low pressure (…………………….)
4) Give reason for :
1-ocuur of tide and ebb
…………………………………………….
2-the sun seems bigger to us than the other stars
……………………………………………...
3-melting chocolate is physical change
……………………………………………..
5) Mention one use for each of the following :
1-iron: ………………………………………
2- N2: ……………………………………….
3- thermometer: ………………………………..
4-common balance: ……………………………
Exam 2
1) Complete the following:
50
•
Non metals are bad conductor of …………. Except ……………
•
They are types of balances are ………………. And …………………..
•
States of matter are …………..,…………..,…………..
•
Condensation is the change of matter from ……………. State to …………….. state
•
Moon rotates around the earth in …………. Path in ………. Days
•
The moon shines because it ……….. Sun light, while sun radiate ………… and ……………
2) Put (√) or (×):
1- Nitrogen, aluminum and sulfur are metals (...)
2-the sun is the most attractive on the tide phenomenon (...)
3- If the width of a brick =2 cm, its length = 4 cm and its height = 1 cm so, its volume = 8 cmɜ (...)
4-matter has 3 states at room temperature (...)
5-air contains water vapor (...)
3) Write scientific term:
1-the amount of material that the object contains (…………….)
2-change of matter in its shape and properties and give new substance (………….)
3-the rise of water level in water surface to cover seahorse (……………)
4-it is the expected condition of the atmosphere at a certain area during short period of time not exceeding one week
(…………………..)
5-the phase of the moon at the beginning of the lunar month (………………)
6-the nearest planet to the sun (………………..)
7-aunit to measure the volume of the liquid (……………)
4) Give reason for:
1-mercurey is used to make thermometer
……………………………………………….
2-occur of moon phases
……………………………………………….
3- Sequence of four seasons
……………………………………………….
51
5) What happen when?
1-Butter cubes are heated
………………………………………………...
2-A bright shiny iron nail is moistened and exposed to air
………………………………………………..
Practical revision
1-Write the observation and the conclusion
Observation :
Some of wax melts.
52
Conclusion :
Melting of wax is a physical change.
2-Write the observation and the conclusion
Observation :
Water evaporates.
Conclusion :
Evaporation of water is a physical change.
3-Write the observation and the conclusion
Observation :
Rusting of iron
Conclusion :
Rusting of iron is a chemical change
4-write the name of the opposite tool
Common balance
Used to measure Large masses
5-write the name of the opposite tool
Sensitive balance
Used to measure small masses
53
6-write the name of the opposite tool
Rular
Used to measure
smalllength
7-write the name of the opposite tool
Graduated tape
Used to measure
Largelength
Classify the following in to metals and Non-metals:
1-Aluminium:
.........................................
2- Gold:
..............................................
3-Sulphur
............................................
-Write the name of the Moon phase:First gibbous
Full moon:
54