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Quiz 2: GI
Aerophagia- the swallowing of air resulting in gas and bloating
Ascites - accumilation or retention of free fluid within
the peritoneal cavity
Cholecystitis- inflammation of the gallbladder
Cholelithiasis (biliary calculi)- The presence or formation of the gallstones
Cirrhosis (liver)- end stage liver disease, characterized by damage to hepatic parenchymal
cells with modular regeneration and fibrosis
Diverticulitis- an acute inflammation of the diverticula
Diverticulosis- and abnormal presence of outpockets or pouches (diverticula) on the
surface of the small intestine or colon
Esophagitis- Inflammation of the esophagus
Fistula- an abnormal opening or passage between two internal organs or from an internal
organ to the surface of the body
Gastritis/gastroenteritis- inflammation of the gastric mucosa
Hematic coma- coma that can occur in severe cases of liver disease
Hiatal hernia- protrusion of part of the stomach through the diaphragm into the space
normally occupied by the esophagus, heart, lungs
Ilelitis- Inflammation of the ileum
Inflammatory bowel disease- an autoimmune, chronic inflammatory condition of the
gastrointestinal tract. Two diagnoses: ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease
Irritable bowel syndrome- a bowel disorder characterized by abdominal pain with
diarrhea and/or constipation
Malabsorption syndromes- A group of symptoms such as gas, bloating, abdominal
pain, and diarrhea resulting from the body's inability to properly absorb nutrients in the
gastrointestinal tract.
Pancreatitis- inflammation of the pancreas
Peritonitis- an inflammation of the peritoneum membrane
Portal systemic encephalopathy- associated with cirrhosis of the liver, attributed to the
passage of toxic nitrogenous substances from the portal to the systemic circulation
Sprue, nontropical (celiac disease, gluten enteropathy)- inflammation of the
small intestine caused by gluten found in various grains, including wheat
Ulcer- An open sore on an external or internal surface of the body, caused by a break in
the skin or mucous membrane that fails to heal.
Ulcerative colitis- a chronic inflammatory bowel disease primarily located in the colon
and rectum
G.I Operative/Surgical
Procedure Terms
Anastomosis- the surgical connection of body parts, especially hollow tubular parts like
those of the GI tract
Cholcystectomy- Surgical removal of the gallbladder
Colostomy- a procedure in which the rectum only is surgically removed, and the end of
he colon is attached to the stoma
Diverticulectomy- the surgical removal of a diverticulum
Gastrectomy- surgery to resect a portion of or the entire stomach
Gastroduodenal anastomosis (Billroth I)- an operation in which the pylorus is
removed and the distal stomach is anastomosed directly to the duodenum
Gastrojejunal anastomosis (Billroth II)- an operation in which the lower part of
the stomach (antrum) is removed and a loop of small bowel (jejunum) is brought up
and joined to it in a (side-to-side manner) for drainage (gastrojejunostomy).
Gastrojejunostomy- the surgical formation of a passage between the stomach and
jejunum
Ileostomy- a procedure in which the colon and rectum are surgically removed, and the
end of the ileum is attached to the stoma
Jejunostomy- an opening into the jejunum
Pancreatectomy- Surgical removal of the pancreas.
Pyloroplasty- enlarging the pyloric sphincter
Vagotomy- severing of the vagus nerve, often a component of gastric surgery
G.I Symptomatic Terms
Achlorhydria- lack of gastric hydrochloric acid secretions
Anorexia- lack of appetite
Aphagia- loss of the ability to swallow
Borborygmus- stomach "growling"
Bulimia- bouts of extreme overeating are followed by depression and self-induced
vomiting, purging, or fasting.
Colic- Severe, often fluctuating pain in the abdomen caused by intestinal gas or
obstruction in the intestines and suffered esp. by babies
Constipation- a decrease in frequency of bowel movements with straining defecation
and/or hard stools
Diarrhea- frequent or unusually liquid bowel movements
Dumping syndrome- a group of symptoms that occurs with rapid passage of large
amounts of food from the stomach into the small intestine. Symptoms include
dizziness, sweating, decreased BP, and diarrhea
Dysgeusia- abnormalities in or reduced ability to taste
Dyspepsia- vague upper abdominal symptoms that may include upper abdominal pain,
bloating, early satiety, nausea, or belching
Epigastric- reffering to the upper abdominal region
Flatulence- perceived excess gas in the intestinal tract
Hepatomegaly- enlargement of the liver
Hyperchlorhydria- state in the stomach where gastric acid levels are higher than the
normal range
Hypochlorhydria (achyliagastrica)- states where the production of gastric acid in
the stomach is absent or low
Jaundice- a clinical manifestation of hyperbilirubinemia, consisting of deposition of bile
pigments in the skin, resulting in a yellowish staining of the skin and mucous
membrances
Melena- black "tarry" feces associated with gastrointestinal hemorrhage
Nausea- a feeling of sickness with an inclination to vomit
Polyphagia- excessive hunger
Steatorrhea- excess fat in the stool, resulting from fat malabsorption and causing diarrhea
Chart Abbreviations
Abd- abdomen, abdominal
BE- barium enema
BM- bowel movement
Cath- catheter, catheterize
GA- gestational age
GE- gastroenteritis
Gb (or GB)- gallbladder
GBD- gallbladder disease
GBS- gastric bypass surgery
GERD- gastroesophageal reflux disease
GI- gastrointestinal
GIT- gastrointestinal tract
HCL (or HCl)- hydrochloric acid
LES- Lower esophageal sphincter
MOM- milk of magnesia
N/GPCM or PEM- protein-calorie malnutrition
Post-up- postoperative
Prep- preparation
Pu (or PU)SI- small intestine
TPN- total parenteral nutrition