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Chapter 2 – Age of Exploration Lesson 1 – Technology Shapes Exploration Viking Explorers From Scandinavia Sailed northern seas in 9th century and raided European towns Explored and settled new land (Canada) Eric the Red and Leif Ericsson Likely first European to discover North America Searching For Riches In 1400s, trade increased between Europe and Asia. Merchants (people who buy and sell things) bought popular Asian goods. Thieves sometimes attacked. Europeans wanted a safer, faster sea route to Asia to acquire goods. Better Navigation Tools Astrolabe – helped sailors know how far north or south they were Magnetic compass – helped sailors know what direction they were headed. Maps – helped sailors follow other sailors’ routes through unfamiliar waters Navigation – process sailors use to plan their course and find their location far from land Improved Shipbuilding Caravel – smaller, lighter ship with triangular sails (used to use square) to better control wind (invented in early 1400s) – pg.37 Technology – use of scientific knowledge and new ideas to create practical tools that improve lives. Portuguese Explorers Portugal – led search for land route, location on western coast of Europe, supportive leaders, and money Prince Henry – started a school to teach navigation and map-making Scholars, mapmakers, sailors, and shipbuilders worked together to improve sea travel and invent new tools. Explored African coast to gain wealth by trading for gold and ivory; also to spread religion around Africa Trading posts – stores and small settlements where goods could be bought and sold Slave trade – slave traders bought and sold humans as property. Reaching India After nearly 40 years, Henry still hadn’t gotten around the tip of Africa. After his death, other Portuguese explorers tried to find the route to Asia. Bartolomeu Dias – in 1487, led an expedition of three ships to the African coast, eventually sail around the tip of Africa. 10 years later, Vasco de Gama followed Dias’ route around Africa, and gets farther and reaches India.