Download Chapter 2 Lesson 1 Notes - New Lenox School District 122

Chapter2AgeofExploration
Vocabulary:
1. Merchant—peoplewhobuyandsellgoods.
2. Navigation—theprocesssailorsusedtoplantheircourseandfindtheirlocationfarfrom
land.
3. Astrolabe—wasanavigationtoolthatmeasuredtheheightofthesunorastartabove
thehorizon.
4. Technology—useofscientificknowledgeandnewideastocreatepracticaltoolsthat
improvelives.
5. Caravel—asmallershipusedforsailing.Ithadtriangularsailstobettercontrolthewind.
6. Tradingposts—storesandsmallsettlementswheregoodscouldbeboughtandsold.
7. Slavetrade—boughtandsoldhumansasproperty.
8. Patron—givesfinancialsupporttoanotherpersonorcause.
9. Conquistadors—conquerors
10.Expedition—anorganizedjourney
11.Empire—agroupofnationsorpeoplesrulesbyasinglegrouporleader.
12.Circumnavigate—sailcompletelyaroundtheworld.
13.Colony—asettlementorareafarfromthecountrythatrulesit.
14.ColumbianExchange—amovementofpeople,animals,plants,cultures,andeven
diseasebetweentheEasternandWesternhemispheres.
15.Epidemic—anoutbreakofdiseasethatspreadsquicklyandaffectsmanypeople.
16.Devastation—greatharm
ÁlvarNunezCabezadeVaca-
• BorninSpainin1490
• Firstpartofcareerwasspentinthemilitaryandhebeganexploringwhenhewas40
yearsold.
• In1527,hesailedonhisfirstvoyagefromSpain.
• HesailedforFloridabecausehethoughtitwouldberichinGoldandSilver.Theyhada
fleet5shipsand600men.
• TheylandedinwhatisnowcalledTampaBay.
• Hesetsailagainaftersurvivingmanyattacks,hurricanes,etc.Hespentthenext4years
livingwithnativepeoplesnearwhatispresentdayGalveston,Texas.Inordertoobtain
foodandshelter,heservedthemasaslave.
• Healsoworkedasatrader.
• By1532,hewasoneof4originalcrewmembersthatwasstillalive.Theywalkedto
SpanishlandinMexico.
• HereturnedtoSpainin1537andwroteabouthisexperiences.
Lesson1-TechnologyShapesExploration
VikingExplorers
- TheVikingswerefromScandinavia
- Theirnamemeans“Pirate”andtheyraidedEuropeantowns.
- TwoimportantVikings:ErictheRedandhissonLeifEricsson
SearchingforRiches
- EuropeanmerchantspurchasedgoodsfromAsiasuchassilkandspices.
- Sometimesthievesattackedthetradersandstoletheirgoods.SomeEuropeanrulers
wantedtofindasearoutetoAsiatogettheirrichesmoreeasilyratherthantravelingby
road.
NavigationTools
- TheChineseinventedamagneticcompass.Theneedlealwayspointednorthsosailors
wouldknowtheirdirectioninrelationtowhereNorthwas.
- Astrolabeshelpedsailorstellhowfarnorthorsouthoftheequatortheywere.
ImprovedShipbuilding
- Caravelswereinventedandmadesailingeasierandfaster.
- Portugueseshipbuildersbuiltwoodendeckswithoutgapsandwaterproofedthewood,
coveringitwithtarandothermaterials.
- Therewerelargercargoareasforshipstostoretheirgoodsandthesailswerebetter
quality.
PortugueseExplorers
- PortugalledthesearchtofindasearoutetoAsia.
- Portugueserulersoftenprovidedmoneytofundexpensiveseavoyagesandencouraged
it.
- PrinceHenry—startedaschooltoteachnavigation;wantedtogainwealthbytradingfor
Africangoldandivory.HealsowantedtospreadhisreligiontoAfrica.
- Portuguesealsotookpartintheslavetrade;tradersboughtandsoldhumansas
property.
ReachingIndia
- PortuguesesailorsafterHenry’sdeathcontinuedtosailandsearchforasearouteto
Asia.
- In1487,BartolomeuDiasledanexpeditionofthreeshipstoexploreAfrica’swestern
coast.
o Therewasastormandwhenitcleared,hediscoveredhisshipssailedaroundthe
tipofAfrica.ThePortuguesenamedittheCapeofGoodHope.