Download 11 Test Review - The Planet Earth

Multiple Choice/True or false/Fill in the blanks
1. Without proper water and carbon, the earth would be _________.
2. _________ play a significant role in creating a stable temperature through releasing water vapor
oxygen by the processes of photosynthesis and transpiration.
3. _______ is the metabolizing agent that allows plants and animals to dissolve minerals and
nutrients to create energy
4. Plants have removed most of the carbon dioxide that originally existed and produced lots of __.
5. The _________ helps the Earth maintain a constant temperature.
6. What is the greenhouse effect?
7. The process by which plants use chlorophyll to trap sunlight energy and use this energy to
synthesize carbohydrates. It makes plants grow and produce oxygen is known as _______.
8. What is ozone?
9. What is the Continental Drift Theory?
10. The name given to the original large continent that was the source of all other continents. The
one continent broke up and became two smaller continental masses; eventually split up into the
present continents is known as ________.
11. ___________ theorized in 1910 that the world was once a supercontinent called Pangaea. He
also had a theory known as Continental drift, the continents drifted apart to their current
location.
12. __________ theorized in the 1960s that earthquake activity and volcanoes nearly always occur
in the same regions.
13. A rigid segment of the earth's crust that has distinct boundaries and that floats on the denser
rocks of the asthenosphere below are known as ___________.
14. According to Greek mythology, _______ is the goddess of the Earth, mother of all living things,
and the sustainer of life.
15. According to the Gaia Hypothesis, the _______ never gets more/less salty, even though minerals
are forever being added from rivers.
16. In a ___________, all the parts exist in definite amounts and nothing is added or lost from the
system.
17. What is an open system?
18. What is a producer?
19. What is a biome?
20. What is known as a community?
21. All living and non-living things in a given area that interact with one other, make up an/a _____.
22. An organism that obtains its energy by eating other organisms is known as an/a ___________.
23. What is a decomposer?
24. ________ are aspects of the physical world that have the potential to cause considerable harm
to people.
25. _________ occur when a natural hazard is activated and reacts in such a way as to destroy
human communities.
26. Define air mass.
27. Which famous volcano erupted in Washington State in 1980?
28. What are the three main categories of natural hazards?
29. What location in the Atlantic is the most volcanic?
30. What three things are needed to create tornadoes?
31. What are two ecological benefits of natural disasters?
32. What caused the bubonic plague to spread in 1348?
33. The Richter scale measures earthquakes on a scale of 1 to ____.
34. _________levels have increased due to the greater use of chemical fertilizers and the
manufacture of chemical-based products like nylon.
35. ________ is the most plentiful greenhouse gas; it enters the atmosphere from the burning of
fossil fuels such as coal, gas and oil and also through the destruction of the world’s forests.
36. Categories 1-5 are the classifications of what type of natural hazard?
37. ________ enters the atmosphere when farmers drain and turn over wetland areas to make
more room for growing crops and digestive processes by domesticated animals.
38. What does CFC stand for?
39. __________refers to the great variety of life forms on Earth, from the smallest bacterium to the
largest mammal or tree.
40. List the three levels of biodiversity.
41. What is deforestation?
42. What is desertification?
43. List the four common practices that lead to desertification
Short Answer questions
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What are the four conditions for life on Earth?
List the six main factors of using a grid system to compare and analyze natural disasters.
List the four spheres on Earth and explain their functions.
How do plate tectonics explain the formation of mountain ranges, the placement of the
continents, earthquakes, and volcanoes?
What is the Gaia Hypothesis and who came up with it?
Explain the difference between a food chain, a food web, and a food pyramid.
Provide three reasons why natural hazards are increasing.
List five probable consequences of global warming.
Explain three global consequences of deforestation.
Provide two examples of atmospheric, biological and geological disasters.
Answers
Multiple Choice/True or false/Fill in the blanks
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-73 degrees Celsius
Plants
Water
Oxygen
Atmosphere
Carbon dioxide and water vapor in the atmosphere allow the sun’s rays to pass through. It
warms the planet’s surface, some of the radiation is sent back into the atmosphere.
Photosynthesis
A gas that is a form of oxygen, characterized by an extra atom of oxygen. It also refers to the
layer of gas in the upper atmosphere. Without the gases, the Earth would be similar to Venus or
Mars with an inability of life form to survive.
A theory that continents on earth are floating on a denser layer below earth's surface and are
moving or drifting about on the surface.
Pangaea
Alfred Wegener
J. Tuzo Wilson
Plates
Gaia
Ocean
Closed system
Some parts can be periodically added or lost from the system.
Plants that can manufacture their own food from sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide.
A biome is a large area with similar plants, animals, and microorganisms.
All the different organisms that live together in an ecosystem is called a community
Ecosystem
Consumer
An organism that breaks down dead organisms.
Natural hazards
Natural disasters
A large area or mass of air that has the same temperature and humidity.
Mount Saint Helens
atmospheric, biological, geological
Iceland
Unstable air mass, wind shear, wind trigger to get the storm started
Rejuvenation of a coniferous forest months and/or years after fires, Recharging of groundwater
stocks after a flood
Rats and fleas
10
Nitrous Oxide
Carbon dioxide
Hurricanes
Methane
Chlorofluorocarbons
Biodiversity
40. The three levels of biodiversity are genetic diversity, species diversity, and ecosystem
diversity.
41. The permanent destruction of forests to make room for other uses for the land.
42. The process by which a productive dryland area is degraded to the point that it becomes
unproductive desert land.
43. Over-cultivation, overgrazing, deforestation, and inappropriate irrigation techniques.
Short Answer questions
1. 1. A constant and relatively mild temperature
2.The importance of water
3. The importance of gases
4. The role of the atmosphere
2. frequency – how often, duration – how long, extent(area) – how much space it takes up,
speed of onset – the rapidness of the storm, spatial dispersion – the most likely area to be
affected, temporal spacing – how it occurs in time
3. Lithosphere – earth’s crust (soil, rocks, and minerals)
Hydrosphere – earth’s water
Atmosphere – the gases in the air
Biosphere – all living things (plants, bacteria, animals)
4. Earthquakes, volcanoes and mountains often appear where two tectonic plates meet and
press against one another.
5. An idea proposed by James Lovelock - All living things on Earth (biosphere) function as one
SUPERorganism that changes its environment to create conditions that best meet its needs,
with the ability to self-regulate critical systems needed to sustain life
6. Food Chain – The transfer of energy and nutrients in an ecosystem.
Food Web – A line diagram showing all of the interconnected and interrelated food chains in
an ecosystem.
Food Pyramid – A diagram of a food chain that shows each energy level in the chain as an
horizontal bar indicating the total mass of all organisms at each level.
7. Population growth (more people)
Urbanization (lots of people in small spaces)
Alteration of the natural environment (manmade islands)
8. Sea levels will rise by as much as 1 meter because of the melting glaciers and thermal
expansion of the oceans.
Rainfall and temperature patterns will shift resulting in the loss of important agricultural
areas and other vital ecosystems.
More violent and more intense weather systems.
Large tracts of forest will disappear; deserts will spread.
Food production will decrease with the rise of temperatures.
9. The loss of living space and consequently the loss of culture for certain groups of Aboriginal
people, the increase in global warming, the loss of biodiversity in the area.
10. Atmospheric - Cyclonic Storms (hurricane, typhoon, cyclone), Tornado (twisters, dust devils),
Severe Storm (White Juan, Nor’easter), Flooding (heavy rains), Drought (lack of rain,
prolonged high pressure), Wildfire, Severe Weather ex: ice storm
Biological - Infectious Disease, Parasitic Disease, Insect Infestation, Plant Disease
Geological - Slide (mud, land, rock), Volcanic Activity, Earthquake, Avalanche, Tsunami