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LAST PERSON STANDING
THE EVOLUTION
EDITION
QUESTION #1
Base your answer to the question on the passage below and on your
knowledge of biology.
When Charles Darwin traveled to the Galapagos Islands, he observed 14
distinct varieties of finches on the islands. Darwin also observed that each
finch variety ate a different type of food and lived in a slightly different
habitat from the other finches. Darwin concluded that the finches all
shared a common ancestor but had developed different beak structures.
1. The different beak structures mentioned in the last sentence were most
likely influenced by selection for favorable variations
2. environmental conditions identical to those of the common ancestor
3. abnormal mitotic cell division
4. characteristics that are acquired during the bird’s lifetime
THE ANSWER IS:
CHOICE (1)
QUESTION #2
The diagram below illustrates possible evolutionary pathways of some
species.
Which statement is a valid inference based on the information in the
diagram?
1. Species A is the common ancestor of all life on Earth.
2. Species D is more closely related to species E than to species F.
3. Species B is the ancestor of species F.
4. Species C is the ancestor of species that exist at the present time.
THE ANSWER IS:
CHOICE (2)
QUESTION #3
Base your answer to the question on the diagram below
that shows some evolutionary pathways. Each letter
represents a different species.
If A represents a simple multicellular heterotrophic organism, B
would most likely represent
1.a single-celled photosynthetic organism
2.an autotrophic mammal
3.a complex multicellular virus
4.another type of simple multicellular heterotroph
THE ANSWER IS:
CHOICE (4)
QUESTION #4
Letters A through J represent different species of organisms. The vertical
distances between the dotted lines represent long periods of time in
which major environmental changes occurred.
Which species appears to have been most successful in surviving changes
in the environment over time?
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. H
THE ANSWER IS:
CHOICE (2)
QUESTION #5
In the diagram of undisturbed sedimentary rock strata,
in which rock layer are the fossils of more complex
animals generally found?
1.layer A
2.layer B
3.layer E
4.layer D
THE ANSWER IS:
CHOICE (1)
QUESTION #6
Which statement is best supported by the theory of
evolution?
1. Genetic alterations occur every time cell reproduction
occurs.
2. The fossil record provides samples of every organism
that ever lived.
3. Populations that have advantageous characteristics
will increase in number.
4. Few organisms survive when the environment remains
the same.
THE ANSWER IS:
CHOICE (3)
QUESTION #7
How does natural selection operate to cause change in a
population?
1.The members of the population are equally able to
survive any environmental change.
2.The members of the population differ so that only
some survive when the environment changes.
3.The members of the population do not adapt to
environmental changes.
4.All the members of the population adapt to
environmental changes.
THE ANSWER IS:
CHOICE (2)
QUESTION #8
Which statement is most closely related to the modern
theory of evolution?
1.Characteristics that are acquired during life are passed
to offspring by sexual reproduction.
2.Evolution is the result of mutations and
recombination, only.
3.Organisms best adapted to a changed environment are
more likely to reproduce and pass their genes to
offspring.
4.Asexual reproduction increases the survival of species.
THE ANSWER IS:
CHOICE (3)
QUESTION #9
.The diagram below represents the relationship between beak structure and food
in several species of finches in the Galapagos Islands.
Which factor most directly influenced
the evolution of the diverse types of beaks
of these finches?
1.predation by humans
2.available food sources
3.oceanic storms
4.lack of available niches
THE ANSWER IS:
CHOICE (2)
QUESTION #10
Organisms with favorable variations reproduce more
successfully than organisms with less favorable
variations. This statement best describes the concept of
1.overproduction
2.use and disuse
3.inheritance of acquired characteristics
4.survival of the fittest
THE ANSWER IS:
CHOICE (4)
QUESTION #11
Evolution refers to change over a long period of time in
1.a fossil
2.a population
3.a rock
4.an embryo
THE ANSWER IS:
CHOICE (2)
QUESTION #12
Characteristics of a species that make its members better
able to live and reproduce in their environment are
known as
1.favorable adaptations
2.homologous structures
3.abiotic factors
4.biotic factors
THE ANSWER IS:
CHOICE (1)
QUESTION #13
Which statement is best supported by fossil records?
1.Many organisms that lived in the past are now extinct.
2.Species occupying the same habitat have identical
environmental needs.
3.The struggle for existence between organisms results in
changes in population.
4.Structures such as leg bones and wing bones can
originate from the same type of tissue found in embryos.
THE ANSWER IS:
CHOICE (1)
QUESTION #14
The diagram shows an interpretation of relationships based on
evolutionary theory. The letters represent different species.
The diagram indicates that a common ancestor for species C and E is
1.species F
2.species G
3.species H
4.species K
THE ANSWER IS:
CHOICE (4)
QUESTION #15
The diagrams show the bones in the forelimbs of three different
organisms.
Differences in the bone arrangements support the hypothesis that these
organisms
1.are members of the same species
2.may have descended from the same ancestor
3.have adaptations to survive in different environments
4.all contain the same genetic information
THE ANSWER IS:
CHOICE (3)
QUESTION #16
The diagram below shows variations in beak sizes and shapes for several
birds on the Galapagos Islands.
Galapagos finches evolved partly due to:
1.cloning and recombination
2.migration and selective breeding
3.mutation and asexual reproduction
4.variation and competition
THE ANSWER IS:
CHOICE (4)
QUESTION #17
Thousands of years ago, giraffes with short necks were
common within giraffe populations. Nearly all giraffe
populations today have long necks. This difference could be
due to
1.giraffes stretching their necks to keep their heads out of
reach of predators
2.giraffes stretching their necks so they could reach food
higher in the trees
3.a mutation in genetic material controlling neck size
occurring in some skin cells of a giraffe
4.a mutation in genetic material controlling neck size
occurring in the reproductive cells of a giraffe
THE ANSWER IS:
CHOICE (4)
QUESTION #18
A new chemical was discovered and introduced into a
culture containing one species of bacteria. Within a day,
most of the bacteria were dead, but a few remained alive.
Which statement best explains why some of the bacteria
survived?
1.They had a genetic variation that gave them resistance
to the chemical.
2.They were exposed to the chemical long enough to
develop a resistance to it.
3.They mutated and became a different species after
exposure to the chemical.
4.They absorbed the chemical and broke it down in their
digestive systems.
THE ANSWER IS:
CHOICE (1)
QUESTION #19
Which phrase best defines evolution?
1.an adaptation of an organism to its environment
2.a sudden replacement of one community by another
3.a geographic or reproductive isolation of organisms
4.a process of change in organisms over a period of time
THE ANSWER IS:
CHOICE (4)
QUESTION #20
Organisms with favorable variations reproduce more
successfully than organisms with less favorable
variations. This statement best describes the concept of
1.overproduction
2.use and disuse
3.inheritance of acquired characteristics
4.survival of the fittest
THE ANSWER IS:
CHOICE (4)
QUESTION #21
Charles Darwin proposed that organisms produce many
more offspring that can possibly survive on the limited
amount of resources available to them. According to
Darwin, the offspring most likely to survive are those that
1.are born first and grow fastest
2.are largest and most aggressive
3.are best adapted to the environment
4.have no natural predators
THE ANSWER IS:
CHOICE (3)
QUESTION #22
If the environment were to change dramatically or a new plant disease
were to break out, which plant type would most likely survive?
1.wild wheat
2.domestic wheat
3.wild corn
4.domestic corn
THE ANSWER IS:
CHOICE (1)
QUESTION #23
When the antibiotic penicillin was first introduced, it was
immediately effective in combating staphylococcus bacterial
infections. After a number of years, there were outbreaks of
staphylococcal infections that did not respond to treatment
with penicillin. The best explanation for this situation is that
1.members of the original population of bacteria that were
penicillin resistant survived and reproduced, creating a more
resistant population
2.the bacteria that survived exposure to penicillin learned to
avoid it
3.the bacteria that caused the new outbreaks were from
populations that had never been exposed to penicillin
4.during each generation, the bacteria modified their own
DNA to increase their ability to resist penicillin and passed
this ability on to their descendants
THE ANSWER IS:
CHOICE (1)
QUESTION #24
Which statement about the rates of evolution for different
species is in agreement with the theory of evolution?
1.They are identical, since the species live on the same planet.
2.They are identical, since each species is at risk of becoming
extinct.
3.They are different, since each species has different
adaptations that function within a changing environment.
4.They are different, since each species has access to
unlimited resources within its environment.
THE ANSWER IS:
CHOICE (3)
QUESTION #25
Which concept is not a part of the theory of evolution?
1.Present-day species developed from earlier species.
2.Some species die out when environmental changes
occur.
3.Complex organisms develop from simple organisms
over time.
4.Change occurs according to the needs of an individual
organism to survive.
THE ANSWER IS:
CHOICE (4)