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Transcript
A Study of World Religions: Islam Richard G. Howe I. The Religion of Islam II. The Life and Times of Muhammad III. Muhammad's Experience IV. The Caliphate and the Shi'a V. Authority in Islam VI. The Mystical Tradition: Sufism VII. Essential Beliefs VIII. The Five Pillars IX. Some Doctrinal Contrasts Between Islam and Christianity Is Muhammad a Prophet of God?1 I. Introduction A. Muhammad claimed to be a prophet. B. Muhammad is the last of God's prophets. II. Arguments for Muhammad being a Prophet A. The Bible Predictions of the coming of Muhammad B. Muhammad's Call - Muhammad was visited by an angel and had numerous visions. C. The Miracle of the Qu'ran D. Muhammad's Miracles E. Muhammad's Life III. Evaluating the Arguments for Muhammad being a Prophet A. The Bible Predictions of the coming of Muhammad B. Muhammad's Call C. The Miracle of the Qu'ran D. Muhammad's Miracles E. Muhammad's Life Islam and Violence2 I. Preliminary Remarks II. The Testimony of the Qu'ran Sura 2:190-193 "Fight for the sake of Allah those that fight against you, but do not attack them first. Allah does not love the aggressors. Kill them wherever you find them. Drive them out of the places from which they drove you. Idolatry is worse than carnage. … Fight against them until idolatry is no more and Allah's religion reigns supreme." Sura 2:216 "Fighting is obligatory for you, much as you dislike it. But you may hat a thing although it is good for you, and love a thing although it is bad for you. Allah knows, but you do not. … Idolatry is worse than carnage." Sura 2:244 "Fight for the cause of Allah, and bear in mind that He bears all and knows all." Sura 4:74-76 "Let those who would exchange the life of this world for the hereafter, fight for the cause of Allah; whether they die or conquer, We shall richly reward them." … The true believers fight for the cause of Allah, but the infidels fight for idols. Firth then against the friends of Satan. Satan's cunning is weak indeed." Sura 4:89 "Therefore fight for the cause of Allah. You are accountable for none but yourself. Rouse the faithful: perchance Allah will defeat the unbelievers." Sura 4:95 "The believers who stay home – apart from those that suffer from a grave impediment – are not equal to those who fight for the cause of Allah with their goods and their persons. Allah has given those that fight with their goods and their persons a higher rank than those who stay at home. He has promised all a good reward; but far richer is the recompense of those who fight for Him: rank of His own bestowal, forgiveness, and mercy." Sura 5:36 "Believers, have fear of Allah and seek the right path to Him. Fight valiantly for His cause, so that you may triumph." Sura 5:57 "Believers, do not seek the friendship of the infidels and those who were given the Book before you, who have made of your religion a jest and a pastime." Sura 8:12-17 "Allah revealed His will to the angels, saying: 'I shall be with you. give courage to the believers. I shall cast terror into the hearts of the infidels. Strike off their heads, maim them in every limb!' Thus We punished them because they defied Allah and His apostle. He that defies Allah and His apostle shall be sternly punished. We said to them: 'Feel Our Scourge. Hellfire awaits the unbelievers.'" Sura 8:59-60 "Let the unbelievers not think that thwy will escape Us. They have not the power to do so. Muster against them all the men and cavalry at your disposal, so that you may strike terror into the enemies of Allah and the faithful, and others besides them. All that you give for the cause of Allah shall be repaid you." Sura 8:65 "Allah has now lightened your burden, for He knows that you are weak. If there are a hundred steadfast men among you, they shall vanquish two hundred; and if there are a thousand, they shall, by Allah's will, defeat two thousand. Allah is with those that are steadfast." Sura 9:5 "When the sacred months are over slay the idolaters wherever you find them. Arrest them, besiege them, and lie in ambush everywhere for them. If they repent and take to prayer and pay the alms-tax, let them go their way. Allah is forgiving and merciful." Sura 9:29 "Fight against such of those to whom the Scriptures were given as believe neither in Allah nor the Last Day, who do not forbid what Allah and His apostle have forbidden, and do not embrace the true faith, until they pay tribute out of hand and are utterly subdued." Sura 47:4-7 "When you meet the unbelievers in the battlefield strike off their heads and, when you have laid them low, bind your captives firmly. Then grant them their freedom or take ransom from the, until War shall lay down her armour. Thus shall you do. Had Allah willed, He could Himself have punished them; but He has ordained it thus that He might test you, the one by the other. As for those who are slain in the cause of Allah, He will not allow their works to perish. He will vouchsafe them guidance and ennoble their state; He will admit them to the Paradise He has make known to them." Sura 61:4 "Allah loves those who fight for His cause in ranks as firm as a might edifice." III. The Testimony of the Life of Muhammad IV. The Testimony of the Hadiths 1 This material comes from Norman L. Geisler and Abdul Saleeb, Answering Islam: The Crescent in the Light of the Cross (Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 1993): 146-177. 2 This material is inspired by the lecture "The Islamic Threat" by a former Muslim (available from Impact at http://www.impactapologetics.com) and the two part lecture "Jesus: The Qur'an vs. the Bible" by William Lane Craig (available from Stand to Reason Ministries at http://www.str.org).