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Graduate School of Public Health Seoul National University Epidemiology and Vaccinology course 1. Background A cursory look at the past is enough to grasp the tremendous progress in preventing infectious diseases which has been achieved through vaccination. Polio may soon be eradicated, just as smallpox was in 1977. In 1974, when the Expanded Programme of Immunization (EPI) was launched by the World Health Organization, only 5% of the world's children were immunised against the initial six target diseases -tuberculosis, diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough, polio and measles. By 1990, immunization coverage increased reaching almost 80% with an estimated three million childhood deaths prevented each year. Yet infectious diseases are still responsible for a third of all deaths, killing at least 13 million people a year. Of those, more than 5 million are children under five. There are, however, reasons to be optimistic. Never have there been so many vaccines in various stages of development as now and the number of available vaccines stands to increase further. The biotechnological revolutions along with the increased knowledge about immune responses allow the construction of “intelligent vaccines” against HIV, M. tuberculosis or P. falciparum. At the same time, future vaccines will have an increasing role beyond infancy, targeting other specific ages or occupational groups: vaccines against sexually transmitted diseases at adolescence or combined prevention of respiratory infections for elderly people. Finally, future vaccines will expand into chronic or autoimmune diseases. 2. Course objectives The course objectives are: 1) To equip students with the knowledge and skills to enable them to make valuable contributions to vaccine research. 2) To bridge the disciplines of epidemiology, laboratory sciences and public health and policy for training and retraining of students who wish to work directly on a multidisciplinary practical approach to the control of infectious diseases/immunization programs, and 3) To equip students with specialised skills that will facilitate a career role in the control of infectious diseases/immunization programs as staff of health ministries, regional or local health departments, national or international disease control agencies, international aid organisations or universities. 3. Course outcomes By the end of this course, students should have acquired a basic understanding and knowledge of contemporary vaccinology. At the conclusion of the course, students should be able to: (i) demonstrate a basic knowledge and understanding of the principles underlying immunological and molecular biological techniques applied to vaccine development and research; (ii) demonstrate an advanced knowledge and understanding of the role of epidemiology and its contribution to introduction; (iii) demonstrate knowledge of methods for pre-licensure clinical evaluation of an experimental vaccines leading to product licensure and registration; (iv) demonstrate knowledge of methods for post-marketing assessments of vaccine safety and effectiveness; (v) understand the principles and approaches to economic analyses of vaccines and their impact; (vi) demonstrate knowledge of key issues confronting vaccine development against several key pathogens affecting Asian populations. 1 Students will also be asked to lead group discussions on contemporary controversies in vaccines. 4. Text Books and References Kim JS. Principles of Epidemiology (2001) Janeway CA, Travers P, Walport M and Shlomchik M editors. Immunobiology. The immune system in health and disease. Garland Publishing; 2001 Levine MM, Woodrow GC, Kaper JB, Cobon GS, editors. New Generation Vaccines. New York, Basel, Hong Kong: Marcel Dekker Inc; 1997 Smith PG and Morrow RH editors. Field trials of health interventions in developing countries Macmillan Education LTD 1996 Plotkin SA and Orenstein WA editors. Vaccines. WB Saunders Company. 1999 5. Teaching Program week Lecturer 1 Course introduction Soon Ae Kim 2 Vaccine-preventable disease : Introduction and epidemiology R. Leon Ochiai 3 4 Immunology : from basic concept to research application Epidemiologic research: methodologies and application of disease burden and surveillance Mina Kwon Soon Ae Kim/R. Leon Ochiai 5 Vaccine development Rodney Carbis 6 Clinical trials in vaccines Thomas F. Wierzba 7 Analysis of vaccine research Mohammad Ali 8 Midterm exam 9 Post marketing studies: vaccine efficacy and effectiveness study Thomas F. Wierzba 10 Economic studies in vaccines Brian Maskery 11 Contemporary issues: setting up field sites in developing countries, TSAP Florian Marks 12 Contemporary issues: Clinical trials, Cholera program Binod Sah 13 Contemporary issues: Vaccination introduction and policy making, SIVAC Nyambat Batmunkh 14 Seminar: Group presentation Soon Ae Kim Terminal exam 6. Evaluation of academic record Final exam: 60%; attendance: 20%; group presentation and/or report: 20% 2