Download MASTERING — THE — GEORGIA — 7TH GRADE — CRCT — IN

MASTERING — THE — GEORGIA — 7TH GRADE
CRCT — IN — SCIENCE
Classification / Dichotomous Key
 Grouping similar things together is called classifying; Scientists classify things to
make them easier to study, observe and write about.
 A dichotomous key is a series of paired choices that eventually identifies the plant,
animal, or object.
Six Kingdoms
 Prokaryotes (bacteria) are microscopic unicellular organisms that have a few
organelles and no nucleus  Eubacteria & Archaebacteria
 Eukaryotes include both unicellular and multicellular organisms that have a
nucleus  Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.
 Did King Phil Come Over For Good Spaghetti =
Domain-Kingdom-Phylum-Class-Order-Family-Genus-Species
 Carl Linnaeus — Scientific Name = Genus + Species
Domain
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
THE SIX KINGDOMS
Kingdom
Basic Characteristic
Eubacteria
Unicellular, found everywhere
Archaebacteria
Live without oxygen, get their
energy from inorganic matter of
light, found in extreme habitats
Protista
Unicellular or multicellular, true
nucleus
Fungi
multicellular, food from dead
organisms, cannot move
Plantae
multicellular, cannot move, make
their own food, cell walls
Animalia
multicellular, moves about,
depends on others for food
CELLS & GENETICS
Cells & Cellular Transport
 Characteristics Of Life - - (1) Cells (2) Sensitivity – respond to stimuli in the
environment (3) Growth (4) Homeostasis – stable internal environment (5)
Reproduction (6) Metabolism – transformation and use of energy (7) Adaptation
 Cell Theory - - All living things are made of cells; All cells come from other living
cells of the same kind; Cells are the basic unit of all living things.
 Transport - - Passive Transport – Diffusion & Osmosis ;
Active Transport – Exocytosis & Endocytosis
Cellular Parts
 Basic Cell Structure - - Cell Membrane, Cytoplasm, Genetic Material (DNA)
 Types of Cells - - Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells = Bacteria vs. Plant & Animal
 Parts of the Cell . . . Cell Membrane, Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Chloroplasts,
Mitochondria - - Relate cell structures to basic cell functions.
Cellular Hierarchy
 Cells  Tissues  Organs  Organ Systems  Organism
Cellular Needs
 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration - - Explain that tissues, organs and organ
systems serve the needs cells have for oxygen, food and waste removal.
The Human Body
 Homeostasis is the process of maintaining a fairly constant internal environment
despite changing conditions; how we “regulate ourselves”.
 Explain the purpose of the major organ systems in the human body . . .
System
Circulatory
Digestive
Major Parts and Organs
heart, veins, arteries, capillaries, blood
tongue, teeth, salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, liver, gall
bladder, small intestine, large intestine
skull, spine, sternum, ribs, humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals,
Skeletal
phalanges, pelvis, femur, tibia, fibula, tarsals and metatarsals
nose, trachea, bronchial tubes, lungs, alveoli and diaphragm
Respiratory
involuntary (smooth), heart and voluntary (striated)
Muscular
brain (cerebrum, medulla, cerebellum), spinal cord and nerve cells
Nervous
kidney, blood vessels, bladder, ureter, urethra, skin and sweat glands
Excretory
Reproductive male and female
Genetics & Chromosomes
 The parent organism is the organism from which the genetic material for an
offspring originated.
 Explain the role of genes and chromosomes in the process of inheriting a specific
trait.
Sexual & Asexual Reproduction
 The Cell Cycle = Interphase + Mitosis (PMAT) + Cytokinesis
 Mitosis (cell division)  type of cellular reproduction used by somatic cells = two
cells with the same number of chromosomes (24) ;
Meiosis  limited to the reproductive cells (sperm & egg) = four reproductive cells
with half the number of chromosomes (23).
 Asexual  One parent + offspring are genetically identical (same as parent) =
spores, budding, binary fission ;
Sexual  Two parents + offspring are diverse/different (blend or mixture of both
parents) = pollination using spores, flowers, seeds and fruits to produce offspring
of the species.
Getting Desired Traits
 Humans use selective breeding to pass along desired traits to future generations .
. . . inbreeding, hybridization, mutation (cloning)
 Genetic engineering is the laboratory procedure in which genes from one organism
are inserted into another.
INTERDEPENDENCE OF LIFE : ECOLOGY
Food Webs Matter
 Food Chain = sun + producer + herbivore + omnivore + carnivore + decomposer
 The producers of an ecosystem use abiotic (non living) factors to obtain and store
energy for themselves or consumers that eat them - - trees, bushes, shrubs, small
plants, grass and moss.
 The consumers are members of the ecosystem that depend on other members for
food - - herbivore, omnivore, carnivore, scavengers and decomposers.
 The interaction of many food chains is a food web.
Transfer of Energy
 Energy Flow - - energy pyramid  explain in a food web that sunlight is a source
of energy and that this energy moves from organisms to organism.
Environment & Organisms
 Population Dynamics - - growth rate, carrying capacity
 Population Size & Limiting Factors
 Changed Environmental Conditions . . .
Organism Relationships
 Each organism in an ecosystem interrelates with the other members: symbiosis,
competition or predation . . . mutualism, commensalism and parasitism.
Earth’s Biomes
 Describe the characteristics of Earth’s major terrestrial biomes and aquatic
communities.
 Ecological Organization - - Biosphere—Biome—Ecosystem—Community—
Population—Individual Organism
 Biomes - - tropical rain forest, grasslands (prairie & savannah), taiga, tundra,
deciduous forest, coniferous forest and dessert
EVOLUTION
Physical Change
 Darwin’s Finches - - Explain that physical characteristics of organism have
changed over successive generations.
 The process through which organisms change over time is called adaptation.
Thousands of adaptations lead to the process of evolution.
Natural Selection
 How Evolution Happens - - Describe ways in which species on earth have evolved
due to natural selection.
Fossil Record
 The fossil record refers to all fossils that have been found since the study of fossils
began - - Explain how the fossil record found in sedimentary rock provides
evidence for the long history of changing life forms.