Download Adaptif DALTON ATOMIC THEORY

Atomic Structure
For Technological And
Agriculture
Class X Semester 1
Compiler : SMK Negeri 7 Bandung
ELEMENTARY INTEREST
Identifies atom particle
Comprehends experiment about
atomic nucleus
Identifies member of faction of
element and tendency of nature of
with faction from period in periodic
system
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PURPOSE OF STUDY
1. Student can mention atom compiler base particle
2. Student can identify atomic mass
3. Student can differentiate isotope, isotope and
isobar
4. Student can differentiate atomic theory
according to Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford, Bohr
and
based on quantum mechanics
5. Student can write down configuration electron
from an atom
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ATOMIC
Atom was smallest part from an indissoluble
element again with ordinary chemical reaction.
And so do that atom from an element can form
or interaction to form a compound.
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LANJUTAN
Every atom lapped over
to atomic nucleus which
haves positive charge
encircled by electron
particle which haves
negative charge. In core
also there is other
particle of which is not
charged or neutral.
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ELECTRON
Atom built by three particles that is
electron, proton and neutron. Electron is
particle loading negative electrics and
given [by] symbol with letter (e), -1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹
Coulomb, negative sign at number(-) to
indicate that electron haves negative
charge. Electron has mass equal to 9.10 ×
10⁻31 Kg.
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PROTON
Proton is second base particle, which located in in
atomic nucleus and haves positif charge. Proton
charge equal to charge of electron equal to 1.6 ×
10-19 Coulomb having sign positive
Based on result of calculation known [by] mass a
proton is 1.673 × 10-27 Kg. This thing indicates that
bigger proton mass around 1800 times mass an
electron.
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NEUTRON
Neutron, be base particle that is third, and
located in atomic nucleus together with
proton.
Neutron doesn't charge electrics, but
neutron has mass that is 1.675 × 10-27 Kg, this
equivalent mass with proton mass.
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CONTINUATION
To be more clarifies
again about position
of elementary particle
in an atom, we took
example if an element
had
6
proton,
6
electron
and
6
neutron
hence
In
atomic nucleus would
there is 6 proton and
6 neutron encircled by
6 electron.
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ATOM SYMBOL
Writing of atom symbol express existence of
proton, electron, neutron as in under this. In
general writing of atom sign is ZXA
where X it is name of atom A : mass number is
number of protons and neutron and Z : atomic
number is number of protons or number of
electrons.
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EXAMPLE
Simplest
element
is
hydrogen
with
letter
symbol H, what has
number of protons and
electron one fruits, and
doesn't have neutron with
atom symbol.
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CONTINUATION
In existence nature of
hydrogen atom is not only
like ₁H¹ but there are still
other form is detrium and
tritium written down, ₁H²
,₁H³ mean there are two
element
of
hydrogen
having mass to differ in.
For hydrogen atom that is
first, has each 1(satu)
proton, 1 ( one) electron
and 1 ( one) neutron.
Differs
from
second
hydrogen
atom,
has
1(satu) proton and 1 (
one) electron, but number
of
its(the
neutrons
counted 2 ( two) fruit.
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ISOTOPE
With
existence
of
this
inferential
difference that element can have number
of the same electrons and proton, and
differs in the neutron, so that this element
has isotope.
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ISOTON
Something
else
also
happened for example if two
element had number of the
same neutrons, but differs in
in the case of proton amounts
and electron like the one
shown by ₆C¹³, ₇N¹⁴. For
element C ( Carbon) has 6 (
six) electron and 6 ( six)
proton and 7 ( seven) proton.
For element N ( Nitrogen) has
proton, the same electron and
neutron that is 7 ( seven)
fruit. Condition of where two
element has number of the
same neutrons told as isotope
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ISOBAR
In other case also happened where two
element to have the same mass, but
differs in in the case of its(the mass
number, like at unsur₂₇Co⁵⁹, ₂₈Ni⁵⁹, this
thing happened because good of element
Co ( Kobal) and also Ni ( Nickel) has
number of different protons and neutron.
But number of its(the protons and neutron
is same, for Co, there are 27 protons and
32 neutrons, while Ni has 28 protons and
31 neutrons, condition of where same
atomic mass called as with isobar.
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CONCLUSIONS
1.
2.
3.
4.
From example of isotope, isotope and isobar, we
can draw some conclusions:
Isotope only happened because neutron
difference, same in the case of its(the proton
amounts and electron and isotope only happened
at the same element.
Isotope happened because there is equality in the
case of neutron amounts, but differs in in number
its(the proton and electron, and happened at
different element.
Isobar happened equality in atomic mass that is
its(the proton amounts and neutron, but differs in
every proton amounts, its(the electron and
neutron, isobar happened at different element.
Difference of one element to other element
determined by its(the proton amounts.
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DEVELOPMENT OF ATOMIC
THEORY
Atom came from atomos meaning Greek
cannot be in for again. This understanding
doesn't get out of atom concept result of
fruit of idea Demokritus (460-370 S.M).
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DALTON ATOMIC THEORY
Understanding about atom is smallest part of a matter is base
utilized by John Dalton ( 1805). He develops atomic theory based
on conservation laws of mass ( Lavoisier) and permanent
comparison law ( Proust). Dalton submits that
1. Every matter compiled by small particle so-called with atom
2. Atom is a real small solid ball
3. Element is matter which consist of atom that is specific and differs
from atom from other element.
4. Compound is matter compiled by two or more atom type with
certain comparison
5. Forming of compound through chemical reaction which is
processing settlement from elements is involving in reacting
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WEAKNESS FROM DALTON
ATOMIC THEORY
Atomic theory submitted by Dalton,
be
not
able
phenomenon
electrics,
yet
about
answer
related
known
condensations
to
that
which
is
many
can
send
electric current. Thereby atom still
containing
other
particle.
This
weakness pushs other scientist to
improve;repair atomic theory Dalton.
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ATOMIC THEORY THOMSON
Atom
is
ball
which
haves positive charge, and
electron
spread
over
surface by it, like bread is
sowed by currant or like
cake onde - onde where
the
surface
spread
over
sesame
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ATOMIC THEORY RUTHERFORD
Atom consisted of atomic
nucleus
which
haves
positif
charge
and
encircled
by
elektronelektron which haves
negative
charge.
electron
encircles
Peripatetic
core
with
trajectory which is in the form
of circle or ellipse.
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WEAKNESS OF ATOMIC THEORY
RUTHERFORD
The Rutherford theory
many getting expostulation, if electron moved
encircles core, hence electron will discharge or transmits energy so that
energy owned by electron over and over will decrease and causes its(the
trajectory is more and more old smaller and in a moment electron will fall
into core. The Rutherford theory cannot explain this phenomenon.
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ATOMIC THEORY BOHR
1. Atom lapped over to core to have positif charge and encircled by
electron which haves negative charge.
2. Electron encircles atomic nucleus at certain orbit and stationary ,
with certain energy level.
3. Electron at certain orbit can make a move is higher with
permeating energy. On the contrary, electron can make a move
from higher level orbit to low by discharging energy.
4. In the situation normal ( without external influence), electron
occupies low energy level ( called as level of base = ground state)
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CONTINUATION
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ENDING
“ Thank”
Compiler Team :
Rochim Muliawan,SPd,
Dra. Hj. Nunun Kusworini and
Oktaviani Budiarti,SPd
SMK Negeri 7 Bandung
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