Download Julius Caesar - Spring Branch ISD

Julius Caesar
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born in ~ 100B.C., aristocrat (traced linage back to
goddess Venus)
First Triumvirate—60 B.C. he allied himself with the
general Pompey and the politician Crassius (Pompey
married Caesar’s only daughter)
59 B.C.- took military command in Gaul and conquered
part of Britain
Had two epileptic fits (seizures) on campaigns
because of his victories—lower classes hailed him a
military hero
gave bonuses to troops, money to every citizen, and
pardoned enemies
Senate concerned about his power-orders him back to
Rome
Julius Caesar Cont.
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Caesar fought back and defeated Pompey’s forces in 48B.C. 45
B.C. Caesar = dictator for life
carried out social reforms to benefit the poor (jobs for
unemployed, distrib. free grain)
new calendar- solar, 365 days in a year and 1 extra every 4th
year
renamed a month for him Julius (July)
Ptolemy killed Pompey of Egypt (Cleopatra’s brother) and sent
his head to Caesar to get Caesar on his side
Roman law = “anyone plotting to become king can be killed
without trial”
A group of senators, led by Brutus and Cassius, stabbed Caesar
to death 23 times on March 15, 44B.C. died at the foot of
Pompey’s statue
Cleopatra
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Queen of Egypt
Her father bribed Rome’s leaders not to invade Egypt
The family of Ptolemy ruled Egypt for several hundred years after
death of Alexander the Great
Cleopatra was the first in her family to learn Egyptian language
At age 18 she ruled with her brother Ptolemy (10)
She was forced to flee 3 years later
Julius Caesar came to decide throne of Egypt
She wrapped herself in a rug and had it delivered to Caesar so she
could speak with him
Caesar liked her boldness so supported her
Cleopatra and Julius Caesar began a relationship
Cleopatra
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Had a son Caesarian
May have planned to marry but Caesar was murdered
Later after Julius Caesar’s death she enchanted Mark Antony
He left his wife, married Cleopatra and recognized her 2 sons as his
own
Mark Antony’s first wife was Octavian’s sister
Octavian fought Mark Antony and Cleopatra, he won and Mark and
Cleopatra fled back to Egypt
Octavian trapped them, Antony committed suicide
Cleo pleaded trying to get Caesarian to be king of Egypt
Octavian refuses, she commits suicide
Octavian then had Caesarian killed
The Second Triumvirate-Against
those who killed Caesar
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Defeated Caesar’s assassins in 42 B.C.
Octavian, Mark Antony, Lepidus divided the Roman
world among themselves
Octavian forced Lepidus to retire from political life
Antony marries Cleopatra, queen of Egypt
Octavian declares war on Antony in Rome’s name
30 B.C. Antony and Cleopatra commit suicide to avoid
capture
**Octavian became the undisputed ruler of Rome = the
beginning of the Roman Empire!!!
he names himself Augustus Caesar = “Majestic One”
Pax Romana = “Peace of Rome” 31 B.C. 180 A.D.
The “Soap Opera” of Julius Caesar