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Sophistication of Verb Forms DLLP Not Evident • No verb use in English OR • Simple verbs used in sentence fragments (may be used inaccurately) DLLP Emerging DLLP Developing DLLP Controlled • Use of simple verb types (including simple present, past, and future tense as evidence of different types), negation, and infinitive verbs in mostly accurate usage • Complex verb forms (i.e. modals) may be borrowed from prompt and repeat the phrasing exactly • Repetitive use (i.e., relies on some complex verb types [not necessarily the same verb word itself] such as mainly modals, past/present participles, perfect verbs, or gerunds) in phrasing • May be used accurately or inaccurately • Mostly correct use of many, varied verb types • A combination that includes evidence of correct usage of a simple and complex verb types Content Guide, pp. 52-55 © 2015 The Regents of the University of California Sophistication of Verb Forms • Children moved from the use of verbs in sentence fragments (i.e., omitting expected subjects and objects of verbs) through the repetitive use of simple verb forms (e.g., present, past, negation, and infinitives) to a range of more complex verb forms (e.g., modals, present participles, perfect tense verbs, and gerunds). Personal routine EL EO/P No Evidence of Verb Sophistication (EL): And he do it right. It go get dirty. [And can you tell him how to do it, because he doesn't know how?] Slow. •Use of simple verbs in sentence fragments •Errors in verb usage (do, go) Not (yet) evident Controlled Verb Sophistication (EL): Because you should brush you teeth. And then if you're done, you put water in your Controlled Verb Sophistication toothbrush. And then you start (EO/P): brushing your teeth all over again. Because it's so important. You should do it because you want your teeth to have no • Use of modal, present participle, cavities. And as you get and gerund in addition to simple older, your parents won't help verbs you. [Researcher: Now can you tell her how to do it because she doesn't know how?] You brush it like this. And then when you're done brushing it, you just rinse it out. And then if you have fluoride, you do it. Developing Verb Sophistication (EL): Emerging Verb Sophistication (EL): [Researcher: Tell your friend how to clean her teeth.] You want to brush your Emerging teeth. JustVerb get you something. Sophistication Then(EO/P): you put something to brush your teeth. And then you spit out the waterSo in you the sink. then your you teeth have And to brush brushbecause your teeth again andthen spit the the if you don't, watercavities again. [Researcher: Andin tell are going to get your her why sheAnd should her are teeth. then brush your teeth teeth?] Because brush going to rot. she Andnot then you that won't teeth,have she'sany going to teeth fall off. more and you're going to have to swallow food. • Use[Researcher: of simple verb (simple Cantypes you tell him present howtense, to do present it?] You progressive), take a infinitives, and and negation in mostly toothbrush you put complete sentences toothpaste on it. And then you put water on it and then you scrub your teeth with it.. You know why you need to brush your teeth, friend? You need to brush your teeth, otherwise your teeth will all fall out. First you need to get all the germs out, and then Sophistication drink Developing some water Verb and then spit it in (EO/P): the sink. And then you have a should doSo it because weirdHe toothbrush. you think.you want to have clean And if [Researcher: And can youteeth. tell him he should doesn'tdo know how to brush his why he it?] Because teeth,will then him because your tooth fellteach all out.. you won't know how to brush your teeth. that's • Repetitive use ofAnd modals in all. addition [Researcher: And can you tell to simple verbs and infinitives how to verb do ituse because he •Somehim inaccurate (your tooth doesn't know how?] You have to will fell) brush your teeth with a toothbrush. And you could brush your teeth because you could lose your tooth.. • Use of modal and present participle in addition to simple verbs and infinitives • Repetitive use of modals in addition to simple verbs, infinitives, and negation • Use of simple verb types (simple present tense, present progressive), infinitives, and negation in complete sentences Emerging Developing Controlled © 2015 The Regents of the University of California Sophistication of Verb Forms No Evidence of Verb Sophistication (EL): And he do it right. It go get dirty. [And can you tell him how to do it, because he doesn't know how?] Slow. Personal routine EL •Use of simple verbs in sentence fragments •Errors in verb usage (do, go) Not (yet) evident Emerging Developing Controlled © 2015 The Regents of the University of California Sophistication of Verb Forms Emerging Verb Sophistication (EL): (EO/P): Emerging Verb Sophistication Personal routine EL EO/P You want to brush your teeth. Just get you something. Then So you have to brush your teeth because if you don't, you to brush your then you spit thenput thesomething cavities are going to teeth. get inAnd your teeth. Andout then the water in the sink. And then you brush your teeth again your teeth are going to rot. And then you won't have any and spit the water again. more teeth and she you're going toher have to swallow food. [And tell her why should brush teeth?] [Can youshe tellnot him how to teeth, do it?]she's going to fall off. Because brush that You take a toothbrush and you put toothpaste on it. And •then Use you of simple verb types present put water on it(simple and then you tense, scrub present your teeth progressive), infinitives, and negation in mostly complete with it. sentences usage of simple (9 out of 11) ••Mostly Use of accurate simple verb types (simpleverbs present tense, present progressive), infinitives, and negation in complete sentences Not (yet) evident Emerging Developing Controlled © 2015 The Regents of the University of California Sophistication of Verb Forms Developing DevelopingVerb VerbSophistication Sophistication(EL): (EO/P): Personal routine EL EO/P Not (yet) evident You need toyou brush your teeth,clean friend? YouAnd if He know shouldwhy do you it because want to have teeth. need to brush yourhow teeth, otherwise your then teethteach will allhim fall he doesn't know to brush his teeth, out. First you get all thetogerms then drink because you need won'ttoknow how brushout, yourand teeth. And that's some all. water and then spit it in the sink. And then you have a weird So you think. [And toothbrush. can you tell him how to do it because he doesn't know [And can you tell him why he should do it?] how?] Because tooth your will fell all with out. a toothbrush. And you You haveyour to brush teeth could brush your teeth because you could lose your tooth.. • Repetitive use of modals in addition to simple verbs and infinitives • Repetitive use of modals in addition to simple verbs, •Some inaccurate verb use (your tooth will fell) infinitives, and negation Emerging Developing Controlled © 2015 The Regents of the University of California Sophistication of Verb Forms Controlled Verb Sophistication (EO/P): Controlled Vocabulary Sophistication (EL): Personal routine EL EO/P Not (yet) evident You should clean your teeth to have no cavities and Because you should brush your teeth. And then if make your teeth clean. And how you do it is that you you're done, you put water in your toothbrush. And put toothpaste on your toothbrush, and you brush your then you start brushing your teeth all over again. teeth. And just swish your mouth with water. And then [And can you tell him why he should do it?] you're done. Because it's so important. • Use of modal and present participle in addition to • Use of modal, present participle, and gerund in simple verbs and infinitives addition to simple verbs Emerging Developing Controlled © 2015 The Regents of the University of California Sophistication of Verb Forms • Children moved from the use of verbs in sentence fragments (i.e., omitting expected subjects and objects of verbs) through the repetitive use of simple verb forms (e.g., present, past, negation, and infinitives) to a range of more complex verb forms (e.g., modals, present participles, perfect tense verbs, and gerunds). Academic task EL EO/P Controlled Verb Sophistication (EL): Developing Verb Sophistication (EL): Emerging Verb Sophistication (EL): No Evidence of Verb Sophistication (EL): Six. • No verb use Not (yet) evident You doControlled it so it canVerb help Sophistication you find out how (EO/P): many there are in all and so you can learn more Using of thethe numbers. [Researcher: And cubes this way makes it easier can you tell herSay how to they find out to count. that werehow all spread manyapart. there Ifare?] many there in two, you How lay them like this,are one, all? There's all. There're three, six. four,There five, are six, in seven, eight, it won't six. [Researcher: herthem how stacked quite work. Can But ifyou youtell have you found that three, out?] Ifour, found that one, two, five, six,out it'llbybe counting them.. easier to count them all. [Can you tell her how to do it?] • UseLet's of modals inof addition say youand hadgerund a bunch cubes like to simple this. verbs Take two cubes and just press them together. Take another cube. Press it together. Take another cube. Press it together. Take another cube. Press it together. Take another cube. Press it together. And take another cube and press it together. That's how you would do it until you have all of them stacked together. Um it helps you count. [Researcher: Can Emerging Sophistication you tell him howVerb to do it to find out (EO/P): how many there are?] Put them together. You have to put the cubes straight and one top the in other one. Then you • Useeach of simple verbs complete count them. And then you'll know how sentences many there are. [Researcher: And can you tell him why this way helps?] Because it will be better. It won't be crooked, or wiggly, or try to fall, or too big.. • Use of simple verb types (simple present tense, simple future tense), infinitives, and negation in complete sentences Emerging Developing Verb Sophistication (EO/P): [Researcher: Can you tell her how to do it? Can you tell her why this way helps?] You said how to use cubes. [Researcher: So you can learn and count. To learn and So can you tell him?] Be very gentle with count when you grow, you could count cubes. There's little squares of cubes in and learn. [Researcher: Anything else?] the middle. And then also, there's a lump And so you could get to the number two up. So we can make them stack on top. thousand. And to learn about all the And there's no bottom to cover cause we numbers. And to show your mom and stack them. We put the fat part on top. your dad and your brother or your uncles. We can put six on or seven or eight or And your grannies. Whoever you show nine. But I have six blue cubes that are them. [Researcher: Can you tell your plastic. Only blue. This is how you use friend how to do it?]. cubes. [Researcher: Perfect! And can you tell her why this way helps?] Why • Repetitive use of modals in addition to this way helps is because they help you simple verbs learn and guess numbers. If you just take two at a time, it will make four. One, two! And if you put them together, it will be two Unifix cubes. And if we put two more, it will be six. Two plus two plus two is six. [Researcher: Anything else?] Also there's erasers.. • Use of participles and modals in addition to simple verbs, infinitives, and negation • Repetitive use of modals in addition to simple verbs Developing Controlled © 2015 The Regents of the University of California Sophistication of Verb Forms No Evidence of Verb Sophistication (EL): Academic task EL Six. • No verb use Not (yet) evident Emerging Developing Controlled © 2015 The Regents of the University of California Sophistication of Verb Forms Emerging Verb Sophistication (EO/P): Academic task EL EO/P You have to put the cubes straight and each one top the Emerging Sophistication (EL): other one. Verb Then you count them. And then you'll know how many there are. It [And helpscan youyou count. tell him why this way helps?] [Can you tell him how to doItitwon't to find how many there or Because it will be better. beout crooked, or wiggly, are?] try to fall, or too big. Put them together. • Use of simple verb types (simple present tense, simple • Use of simple in complete sentences future tense), verbs infinitives, and negation in complete sentences Not (yet) evident Emerging Developing Controlled © 2015 The Regents of the University of California Sophistication of Verb Forms Developing Verb Sophistication (EO/P): Academic task EL EO/P BeDeveloping very gentleVerb with Sophistication cubes. There's little (EL):squares of cubes in the middle. And then also, there's a lump up. So we can make them stack on top. And there's bottom cover ’cause stack put the part on So youno can learnto and count. To we learn andthem. countWe when youfat grow, top. cancount put sixand on or seven or eight or nine. But I have six blue cubes youWe could learn. that are plastic. Only blue. This is how you use cubes. [Anything else?] [And youcould tell herget why helps?] And can so you to this the way number two thousand. And to learn Why this way helps is because they help you learn and guess numbers. If about all the numbers. And to show your mom and your dad and you just take two at a time, it will make four. One, two! And if you put your brother or your uncles. And your grannies. Whoever you show them together, it will be two Unifix cubes. And if we put two more, it will them. be six. Two plus two plus two is six. [Anything else?] • Repetitive use of modals in addition to simple verbs Also there's erasers. • Repetitive use of modals in addition to simple verbs Not (yet) evident Emerging Developing Controlled © 2015 The Regents of the University of California Sophistication of Verb Forms Controlled Verb Sophistication (EO/P): Academic task EL EO/P Using the cubes this way makes it easier to count. Say that they were all spread apart. If you lay them like this, one, two, three, four, five, Controlled Vocabulary Sophistication (EL): six, seven, eight, it won't quite work. But if you have them stacked one, two, three, four, five, six, it'll be easier to count them all. You do it because so it can help you find out how many there are in all [Can you tell her how to do it?] and so you can learn more of the numbers. Let's say you had a bunch of cubes like this. Take two cubes and just [And can you tell her how to find out how many there are?] press them together. Take another cube. Press it together. Take How many there are in all? There's six. There are in all. There are six. another cube. Press it together. Take another cube. Press it together. [Can you tell her how you found that out?] Take another cube. Press it together. And take another cube and press I found that out because I was counting them. By counting them. it together. That's how you would do it until you have all of them together. •stacked Use of modals and gerund in addition to simple verbs • Use of participles and modals in addition to simple verbs, infinitives, and negation Not (yet) evident Emerging Developing Controlled © 2015 The Regents of the University of California Sophistication of Verb Forms • Children moved from the use of verbs in sentence fragments (i.e., omitting expected subjects and objects of verbs) through the repetitive use of simple verb forms (e.g., present, past, negation, and infinitives) to a range of more complex verb forms (e.g., modals, present participles, perfect tense verbs, and gerunds). Controlled Verb Sophistication (EL): Personal routine EL EO/P Why should she do it? She could clean her teeth um by getting her toothbrush and then put a little bit of paste. Then get a little bit of water and start brushing your teeth. And whenControlled she's done, to clean her mouth Verb Sophistication with a(EO/P): little bit of water and then clean her mouth. And she should do it so her Shemouth shoulddoesn't do it bysmells gettingbad a and her teeth could beitclean toothbrush andalways cleaning because it and. And so they won'tonsay youyou don't can have germs it. So wash it brushwith yourwater. teeths. You put toothpaste. Then clean your bottom teeth and your top • Useteeth. of gerunds, modals, Then after youand do that, if you participles addition to simple verbs,use that have in mouthwash, you could infinitives, and could negation and you floss too. You should •Mostly correct verb use (at least 80%)to get do it because you don't want cavities and go to the dentist. Developing Verb Sophistication (EL): I will tell her that you should brush your teeth so it will get all healthy and you won't get germs or cavities. And I should tell her how to do it by putting toothpaste, water. Brush really good and wash your tongue. And then put water in it and then spit it out. And that's all I will tell her, to a Developing Verb Sophistication friend. (EO/P): Emerging Verb Sophistication (EL): You get your brush. You get your hand. Put something like those. Then put your hand in your mouth and then you shake it in your mouth. Then you have to brush them because you do not brush them, Emergingif Verb Sophistication (EO/P): will be ugly like that. Then if you do brush your teeth teeth will Put be it under You all firstday, get your a toothbrush. happy.water. And then put toothpaste on it but not too much. And you do top to • Use ofbottom. simple verbs (simple present tense I usually do right to left. And and simple tense), infinitives, and And then future you wash your toothbrush. negation complete youinget water sentences in your mouth and spit it out. That's how I do it. And why I do it is to stay healthy and to not get cavities and to make sure germs don't go in and go all over. • Use of gerunds, modals, and participles in Okay, how he should do it? Okay, addition to simple verbs, infinitives, and you need to get your toothbrush. negation Clean it with water. Brush it however •Mostly correct verb use (at least 80%) you want, but you need to still brush it. And you should do it because you don't want your teeth to get dirty and to fall off and to get cavities. • Use of gerunds and modals in addition to simple verbs, infinitives, and negation • Repetitive use of modals in addition to simple verbs, infinitives, and negation •Use of simple verbs, infinitives, and negation in complete sentences Not (yet) evident Emerging Developing Controlled © 2015 The Regents of the University of California Sophistication of Verb Forms N/A Personal routine Not (yet) evident Emerging Developing Controlled © 2015 The Regents of the University of California Sophistication of Verb Forms Emerging Verb Sophistication (EL): Emerging Verb Sophistication (EO/P): Personal routine EL EO/P You get your brush. You get your hand. Put something You first get a toothbrush. Put it under water. And then like those. Then put your hand in your mouth and then put toothpaste on it but not too much. And you do top you shake it in your mouth. Then you have to brush to bottom. I usually do right to left. And then you wash them because if you do not brush them, will be ugly your toothbrush. And you get water in your mouth and like that. Then if you do brush your teeth all day, your spit it out. That's how I do it. And why I do it is to stay teeth will be happy. healthy and to not get cavities and to make sure germs don't go in and go all over. • Use of simple verbs (simple present tense and simple future infinitives, and negation in complete • Use oftense), simple verbs, infinitives, and negation in complete sentences sentences Not (yet) evident Emerging Developing Controlled © 2015 The Regents of the University of California Sophistication of Verb Forms Developing Verb Sophistication (EL): Personal routine EL EO/P She should do itVerb because her teeth are going to get yellow and she's Developing Sophistication (EO/P): going to smell bad with her teeth when she talks. And she may have a cavity. And she has to know also to brush her teeth like a circle. Okay, how he should do it? Okay, you need to get your Then you brush it right here. You brush it on your right there. Then toothbrush. Clean it with water. Brush it however you want, but you brush it on your tongue so your tongue can be clean too. you need to still brush it. And you should do it because you don't [Anything else?] want your teeth to get dirty and to fall off and to get cavities. She has to do it because when she talks, she spit it out. • Repetitive use of modals in addition to simple verbs, infinitives, • Use of modals in addition to simple verb types (simple present and negation tense, present progressive), infinitives, and negation •Some inaccurate verb use (when she talks, she spit it out) Not (yet) evident Emerging Developing Controlled © 2015 The Regents of the University of California Sophistication of Verb Forms Controlled Vocabulary Sophistication (EL): Controlled Verb Sophistication (EO/P): Personal routine EL EO/P Not (yet) evident Why should she do it? She could clean her teeth by getting Shetoothbrush should do and it bythen getting and cleaning her put aa toothbrush little bit of paste. Then getit a because can have on it. So your you wash withwhen little bit ofitwater and germs start brushing teeth.itAnd water. Youto put toothpaste. Then clean yourbitbottom teeth she's done, clean her mouth with a little of water and andclean your top you dodo that, youmouth have then her teeth. mouth.Then Andafter she should it soif her mouthwash, useteeth that could and you couldbefloss too. doesn't smells you bad could and her always clean. Youso should do it because you don't want get cavities And they won't say you don't brush yourtoteeths. and go to the dentist. • Use of gerunds, modals, and participles in addition to • Useverbs, of gerunds and modals in addition to simple simple infinitives, and negation verbs, infinitives, and negation •Mostly correct verb use (at least 80%) Emerging Developing Controlled © 2015 The Regents of the University of California Sophistication of Verb Forms • Children moved from the use of verbs in sentence fragments (i.e., omitting expected subjects and objects of verbs) through the repetitive use of simple verb forms (e.g., present, past, negation, and infinitives) to a range of more complex verb forms (e.g., modals, present participles, perfect tense verbs, and gerunds). Controlled Verb Sophistication (EL): Academic task EL EO/P Developing Verb Sophistication (EL): Emerging Verb Sophistication (EL): My teacher told me that I just have to help you do these things.. You have to, I'm Emerging Verb Sophistication (EO/P): going to break them apart and you have Not (yet) evident Using the cubes to count it's easy because Controlled Verb Sophistication (EO/P): you could count with your fingers, but sometimes when you count with your You can do it whatever strategy you want, fingers you get confused. And so you could but if you're doing it my strategy, you can use cubes so you could, you already know, do one, two, three, four, five and then because when you get confused with the make a block. Like that. And then you can cubes, now you can count them again. do another five, or you can just add on. And that's why. You could use this cubes But once you do the other five, you can this way because when you're putting all connect them. Keep on doing it until together, you're counting when you're they're all in tens. And if you have five left putting it together. over, and there's five tens, that'll be fiftyfive. It helps because it's easy if you know • Use of modals and participle in how to count by tens. And it's faster than addition to simple verb types (simple counting by one and then two, three, four, present tense, present progressive) and five. infinitive Developing Verb Sophistication (EO/P): You need to put all in one color, and so you could get them all together. And then So what you should do is you should put you could count them. So she could count them in each color, and then you count them. how many in each color. And then how much I got was I had ten in each. So I think • Repetitive use of modals in addition to I got forty-eight. It helped me to get my simple verbs and infinitives answers because I can count them one by one, or two by two, or by a number. • Use of modals and participle in addition to simple verbs (simple present tense, simple future tense) and negation to count them by colors and match them I grouped them by tens. And then after I together. So if you have to use this, you counted how many groups there were, and have to connect them together because I got five. And five tens equals fifty. There it's easier how to do it. And my teacher was fifty cubes. And it's easier this way told me to tell you that. because it's a friendly number so it's faster and more efficient to count them and • Use of simple verb types (simple group them by tens. present tense, simple past tense, present progressive) and infinitives in complete • Use of simple verbs (present and past sentences tense) and infinitives in complete sentences • Repetitive use of modals in addition to simple verbs and infinitives Emerging Developing Controlled © 2015 The Regents of the University of California Sophistication of Verb Forms N/A Academic task Not (yet) evident Emerging Developing Controlled © 2015 The Regents of the University of California Sophistication of Verb Forms Emerging Verb Sophistication (EL): Emerging Verb Sophistication (EO/P): Academic task EL EO/P My teacher told me that I just have to help you do these Ithings. grouped And thenapart afterand I counted howto I'mthem goingbytotens. break them you have many were, I got five.together. And five So tens count groups them bythere colors and and match them if you equals Thereyou was fiftyto cubes. Andthem it's easier this way have tofifty. use this, have connect together because it's a friendly it's my faster and more easier hownumber to do it.soAnd teacher told me to efficient to count them and group them by tens. tell you that. • Use of simple verb verbstypes (present and present past tense) andsimple (simple tense, infinitives complete sentencesand infinitives in complete past tense,inpresent progressive) sentences Not (yet) evident Emerging Developing Controlled © 2015 The Regents of the University of California Sophistication of Verb Forms Developing Verb Sophistication (EO/P): Developing Verb Sophistication (EL): Academic task EL EO/P So what you should do is you should put them in each You need to putyou them all in onemany color,inand socolor. you could color, and then count how each And get them all together. AndI had thenten youincould them. then how much I got was each.count So I think I got [And why does using the cubes this way help her?] forty-eight. It helped me to get my answers because I can So shethem couldone count them. count by one, or two by two, or by a number. • Repetitive use of modals in addition to simple verbs • Repetitive use of modals in addition to simple verbs and and infinitives infinitives Not (yet) evident Emerging Developing Controlled © 2015 The Regents of the University of California Sophistication of Verb Forms Controlled Verb Sophistication (EO/P): (EL): Academic task EL EO/P Using the cubes to count it's well easy you because you way could count It can help this way because see, this you can with your fingers, but sometimes when you count your fingers easily remember how many of these they are.with So for instance, you can get confused. AndIt's so not youtoo could use cubes so youtipcould, you stack up five. high that it would over you already know, when youwhen get confused withwith the easily. And you canbecause easily remember, you're done cubes, youyou cancan count that's You five the fivenow stack, justthem lock itagain. in yourAnd brain. OKwhy. I've got could use this cubes way because putting all in a stack. When I getthis another stack, I'llwhen haveyou're ten. And you can together, you'rethat counting when putting together. just remember basically andyou're just lock it in it your head basically. • Use of modals and participles in addition to simple verb types present in progressive) infinitive •(simple Use of present modals tense, and participle addition toand simple verbs (simple present tense, simple future tense) and negation Not (yet) evident Emerging Developing Controlled © 2015 The Regents of the University of California Sophistication of Verb Forms • Children moved from the use of verbs in sentence fragments (i.e., omitting expected subjects and objects of verbs) through the repetitive use of simple verb forms (e.g., present, past, negation, and infinitives) to a range of more complex verb forms (e.g., modals, present participles, perfect tense verbs, and gerunds). Controlled Verb Sophistication (EL): Personal routine EL EO/P He should clean his teeth because, like I said that you could get cavities. Your teeth could change color. So you want to eat more junk food. First Controlled Verb Sophistication you get a toothbrush and then put (EO/P):on it. And then you start toothpaste washing your mouth. And then start So first should some water cleaning youryou teeth. Andget then when for after finish your you think youryou teeth arebrushing clean, then teeth. And take you gargle with then water. Andyour thentoothbrush it and put toothpaste on and whenand youwet finish gargling with all that, put itflossing in your your mouthteeth. and scrub your you start back teeth with the brush part and then front teeth. And then • Use of your gerunds, participle, and rinse your with theverb brush and modal in tongue additionout to simple typesthen just spit out and drink some water. And you should do it to clean your teeth so you don't get any cavities because that would hurt because you would have to get your teeth drilled through, and also to clean out all the foods and so your breath doesn't stink. Developing Verb Sophistication (EL): Emerging Verb Sophistication (EL): Well, you get a toothbrush. If you don't have one, then go to the store and get one. Get toothpaste. Put the toothpaste on the toothbrush and brush all of your teeth good. And get all the food out of them and yeah. [Researcher: and why he shouldEmerging do it?] ToVerb be clean. So he doesn't Sophistication (EO/P): get cavities. And yeah. [Researcher: anything No. on your toothbrush Putelse?] toothpaste and brush your teeth really good. Use ofBrush simple and future for verbs at least(present thirty seconds. No, tense) atand infinitives in complete least one minute. I'd say one sentences minute. And brush teeth because you don't want your personal hygiene to get really bad. You should clean your teeth because you could have germs in there and you don't want to have yellow teeth or food stuck to your teeth. AndSophistication you should first Developing Verb get a toothpaste and a toothbrush. Put (EO/P): the toothpaste on the toothbrush. And then you a toothbrush Thisgrab is how you clean and yourstart teeth. scrubbing teeth. Andflosser then you get get First your you get a little or you some awater. drink box it though. stringAnd fromdon't a flosser and then You put it on your mouth and then youon you put it in between your teeth just start shaking your mouth. And each of yourinteeth. And then you put then you spit it out. then you and can you toothpaste onAnd a toothbrush use mouthwash too. Andofflossing. scrub one quarter your mouth for thirty seconds and then the other and • Usethen of modal in addition to simple the other and then the other verbs until and infinitives you've completed your two minutes. You don't want to get cavities and you don't want your dentist to be mad with you. And it looks really weird if you have a lot of cavities and it's sort of something to be proud of if you don't have any cavities. • Use of modals, gerund, and participle in addition to simple verb types • Use of present perfect tense in addition to simple verbs, infinitives, and negation • Use of simple verbs, infinitives, and negation in complete sentences Not (yet) evident Emerging Developing Controlled © 2015 The Regents of the University of California Sophistication of Verb Forms N/A Personal routine Not (yet) evident Emerging Developing Controlled © 2015 The Regents of the University of California Sophistication of Verb Forms Emerging Verb Sophistication Emerging Verb Sophistication (EL): (EO/P): Personal routine EL EO/P Not (yet) evident I'll tell you her to dentist and lookdon't her teeth Well, getgoa to toothbrush. If you haveand one, then they'll her toothpaste. And her mom to go to give the store and get one. Gettell toothpaste. Putbuy theher atoothpaste toothpasteon onthe andtoothbrush then to clean teeth andher brush allevery of your single teethday. good. And get all the food out of them. [And why he should do it?] • To Usebeofclean. simple (present future tense) and Soverbs he doesn't getand cavities. infinitives in complete sentences • Use of simple verbs, infinitives, and negation in complete sentences Emerging Developing Controlled © 2015 The Regents of the University of California Sophistication of Verb Forms Developing Verb Sophistication (EO/P): Personal routine EL EO/P This is how you clean your teeth. First you get a little flosser or you get a string from a flosser box and then you put it in between your teeth on each of your teeth. And then you put toothpaste on a toothbrush and you scrub one quarter of your mouth for thirty Developing Sophistication (EL): seconds and Verb then the other and then the other and then the other until you've completed your two minutes. You don't want to get You haveand to clean your teeth for they could And you. you And it cavities you don't want your dentist tobe beclean. mad with have get the brush andhave do italike lookstoreally weird if you lot this. of cavities and it's sort of something to be proud of if you don't have any cavities. • Use of modal in addition to simple verbs and infinitives • Use of present perfect tense in addition to simple verbs, infinitives, and negation Not (yet) evident Emerging Developing Controlled © 2015 The Regents of the University of California Sophistication of Verb Forms Controlled Verb Sophistication (EO/P): Controlled Vocabulary Sophistication (EL): Personal routine EL EO/P So first you should get some water for after you finish brushing She should clean her teeth by getting the toothbrush and your teeth. And then take your toothbrush and wet it and put putting some toothpaste. And add a little bit of water, and do it toothpaste on and put it in your mouth and scrub your back in circles and everywhere, and also the top cause you don't teeth with the brush part and then your front teeth. And then want food on the top. Then when you're done cleaning your rinse your tongue out with the brush and then just spit out and teeth, just put water in your mouth and do bubbles. Then spit it drink some water. And you should do it to clean your teeth so out into the sink. You should clean your teeth because it you don't get any cavities because that would hurt because you protects your teeth and it helps it keep it white and your mouth would have to get your teeth drilled through, and also to clean not smelly. out all the foods and so your breath doesn't stink. • Use of gerunds, participle, and modals in addition to simple • Use of modals, gerund, and participle in addition to simple verb types verb types Not (yet) evident Emerging Developing Controlled © 2015 The Regents of the University of California Sophistication of Verb Forms • Children moved from the use of verbs in sentence fragments (i.e., omitting expected subjects and objects of verbs) through the repetitive use of simple verb forms (e.g., present, past, negation, and infinitives) to a range of more complex verb forms (e.g., modals, present participles, perfect tense verbs, and gerunds). Controlled Verb Sophistication (EL): He should do it like this because it'll make it a lot easier instead of counting every single cube altogether. So it's better if you Verb color Sophistication make itControlled with the same of piles to (EO/P): Academic task EL EO/P make it easier because if you put all the used the cube I imagine colorsItogether, then because if you just keep onit as a thing like you like, like ayou candy counting one bywhatever one, whichever order, a popsicle. Andone I just imagined splitting mightor count the same twice, and you with everything. And helps me by mightthem get the wrong answers. It'sitbetter remembering more. And I think you because piles make it more organized by should useor it since it would the same colors numbers. And help it'll you a lot skiporganized counting because make ifit you a lotdo more so that'sit would why. go faster and you'd have more time to do stuff. You could use them in probably twos six tensgerunds, fives, whatever number you • Use fours of modals, and participle reallyto cansimple countverbs by. and negation in addition Developing Verb Sophistication (EL): Emerging Verb Sophistication (EL): I will tell him to use the cubes like this because it's kind of easier to count because it's going to be like a big line. And it's better Emerging Verb Sophistication (EO/P): like this because it makes a little more space. First you have your pile. You count by ones where each cube represents one. So you • Use of simple verbs (present and future just count up to ten. And then you grab tense) and infinitives in complete and you put it in a pile. And then you do it sentences for each of them and you just do it until there's no more left. And then you just count it up by how many you put in the pile, and then you'll get the answer. You should use it like this because it's an easier way. Or you can separate them. And skip count by tens because if you put it in random numbers, you have to(EO/P): Developing Verb Sophistication count them to see what number you'll get. And pair it in and tensput forthem you Youyou canshould take the cubes can get your answer. It helps you make as into stacks of ten. And then because if you put of them many stacks ten in as random you can. And then numbers, you line would notupknow whatcount you can them and then number you'll get. Andwere the pairs of tenswhich them. And there ten stacks, that you use And will help you more is acould hundred. it helped me this way than put themifinI'm random numbers. because counting them one by one, I might miss which one I'm on and then • Repetitive of all modals addition to have touse start over. in And that would simpletake verbs (present a long time,tense, and it future would also take tense),a infinitives, and negation lot longer than this would. And this is •Somean inaccurate verb use (more than easier way. put them) • Repetitive use of modals in addition to simple verb types (simple present, simple past, present progressive) and infinitives • Use of gerunds and modal in addition to simple verbs and infinitive • Use of simple verbs (present and future tense) and infinitives in complete sentences Not (yet) evident Emerging Developing Controlled © 2015 The Regents of the University of California Sophistication of Verb Forms N/A Academic task Not (yet) evident Emerging Developing Controlled © 2015 The Regents of the University of California Sophistication of Verb Forms Emerging Verb Sophistication (EO/P): Academic task EL EO/P How to use the cubes to count is to sometimes have them inEmerging a group. Verb Like stack a couple and Sophistication (EL):then count by twos or also just count by ones. But if you stack five, or you just count and to putuse them littlelike separate groups,it's it'skind a little I will five tell him thein cubes this because of faster. just grab five like two, three, easierYou to count because it'sone, going to be like four, a bigfive line.and And then you put it this rightbecause here, and one, two, three, four, five it's better like it makes a little more space. and put it right there. And I'll count at the end, like five, ten, fifteen, twenty, thirty, • Use of simpletwenty-five, verbs (present andthirty-five. future tense) and infinitives in complete sentences • Use of simple verbs (present and future tense) and infinitives in complete sentences Not (yet) evident Emerging Developing Controlled © 2015 The Regents of the University of California Sophistication of Verb Forms DevelopingVerb Verb Sophistication Developing Sophistication (EL):(EO/P): Academic task EL EO/P can takeuse theit cubes and put them stacksway. of ten. And can You should like this because it's into an easier Or you then make as many of ten youbecause can. And thenput youit can separate them. And stacks skip count byas tens if you in line themnumbers, up and then counttothem. there were ten number stacks, random you have countAnd them to see what whichget. is a And hundred. And it pair helped thisforway I'm you'll you should it inme tens youbecause can getifyour countingItthem one, I might missthem whichinone I'm on and answer. helpsone youby because if you put random numbers, thenwould have to all what over. number And thatyou'll would take a long time,of you notstart know get. And the pairs and itthat would lot help longer than thisthan would. And this tens you also couldtake useawill you more put them in is random an easiernumbers. way. ••Repetitive Repetitive use use of of modals modals in in addition addition to to simple simple verb verbstypes (present (simplefuture present, simple past, present progressive) and tense, tense), infinitives, and negation infinitives •Some inaccurate verb use (more than put them) Not (yet) evident Emerging Developing Controlled © 2015 The Regents of the University of California Sophistication of Verb Forms Controlled Vocabulary Sophistication (EL): Controlled Verbher Sophistication (EO/P): She should clean teeth by getting the toothbrush and Academic task EL EO/P putting some toothpaste. And add a little bit of water, and do You into ten by either putting them in just you piles or it ingroup circlesthem and everywhere, and also the top because connecting them.onAnd do it this waydone because it's don't want food theyou top.should Then when you're cleaning probably one of put the water easiestinnumber, common number, to get your teeth, just your mouth and do bubbles. Then to the spit it answer. out into the sink. You should clean your teeth because it protects your teeth and it helps it keep it white and your •mouth Use ofnot gerunds smelly.and modal in addition to simple verbs and infinitive • Use of modals, gerunds, and participle in addition to simple verbs and negation Not (yet) evident Emerging Developing Controlled © 2015 The Regents of the University of California