Download Verb Sophistication

Sophistication of Verb Forms
DLLP
Not Evident
• No verb use in
English
OR
• Simple verbs used
in sentence
fragments (may be
used inaccurately)
DLLP
Emerging
DLLP
Developing
DLLP
Controlled
• Use of simple verb
types (including
simple present,
past, and future
tense as evidence
of different types),
negation, and
infinitive verbs in
mostly accurate
usage
• Complex verb
forms (i.e. modals)
may be borrowed
from prompt and
repeat the
phrasing exactly
• Repetitive use (i.e.,
relies on some
complex verb types
[not necessarily
the same verb
word itself] such as
mainly modals,
past/present
participles, perfect
verbs, or gerunds)
in phrasing
• May be used
accurately or
inaccurately
• Mostly correct use
of many, varied
verb types
• A combination that
includes evidence
of correct usage of
a simple and
complex verb types
Content Guide, pp. 52-55
© 2015 The Regents of the University of California
Sophistication of Verb Forms
• Children moved from the use of verbs in sentence fragments (i.e.,
omitting expected subjects and objects of verbs) through the repetitive
use of simple verb forms (e.g., present, past, negation, and infinitives)
to a range of more complex verb forms (e.g., modals, present
participles, perfect tense verbs, and gerunds).
Personal routine
EL
EO/P
No Evidence of Verb Sophistication
(EL):
And he do it right. It go get dirty.
[And can you tell him how to do it,
because he doesn't know how?]
Slow.
•Use of simple verbs in sentence
fragments
•Errors in verb usage (do, go)
Not (yet) evident
Controlled Verb Sophistication
(EL):
Because you should brush you
teeth. And then if you're done,
you put water in your
Controlled Verb Sophistication
toothbrush. And then you start
(EO/P):
brushing your teeth all over
again. Because it's so important.
You should do it because you
want your teeth to have no
• Use of modal, present participle,
cavities. And as you get
and gerund in addition to simple
older, your parents won't help
verbs
you.
[Researcher: Now can you tell
her how to do it because she
doesn't know how?]
You brush it like this. And
then when you're done
brushing it, you just rinse it
out. And then if you have
fluoride, you do it.
Developing Verb Sophistication
(EL):
Emerging Verb Sophistication (EL):
[Researcher: Tell your friend how to
clean her teeth.] You want to brush
your Emerging
teeth. JustVerb
get you
something.
Sophistication
Then(EO/P):
you put something to brush
your teeth. And then you spit out the
waterSo
in you
the sink.
then your
you teeth
have And
to brush
brushbecause
your teeth
again
andthen
spit the
the
if you
don't,
watercavities
again. [Researcher:
Andin tell
are going to get
your
her why
sheAnd
should
her are
teeth.
then brush
your teeth
teeth?]
Because
brush
going
to rot. she
Andnot
then
you that
won't
teeth,have
she'sany
going
to teeth
fall off.
more
and you're
going to have to swallow food.
• Use[Researcher:
of simple verb
(simple
Cantypes
you tell
him
present
howtense,
to do present
it?] You progressive),
take a
infinitives,
and and
negation
in mostly
toothbrush
you put
complete
sentences
toothpaste
on it. And then you put
water on it and then you scrub
your teeth with it..
You know why you need to brush
your teeth, friend? You need to
brush your teeth, otherwise your
teeth will all fall out. First you need
to get all the germs out, and then
Sophistication
drink Developing
some water Verb
and then
spit it in
(EO/P):
the sink.
And then you have a
should doSo
it because
weirdHe
toothbrush.
you think.you
want to have
clean
And if
[Researcher:
And can
youteeth.
tell him
he should
doesn'tdo
know
how to brush his
why he
it?] Because
teeth,will
then
him because
your tooth
fellteach
all out..
you won't know how to brush
your teeth.
that's
• Repetitive
use ofAnd
modals
in all.
addition
[Researcher:
And can you tell
to simple
verbs and infinitives
how to verb
do ituse
because
he
•Somehim
inaccurate
(your tooth
doesn't know how?] You have to
will fell)
brush your teeth with a
toothbrush. And you could brush
your teeth because you could
lose your tooth..
• Use of modal and present
participle in addition to simple
verbs and infinitives
• Repetitive use of modals in
addition to simple verbs, infinitives,
and negation
• Use of simple verb types (simple
present tense, present progressive),
infinitives, and negation in complete
sentences
Emerging
Developing
Controlled
© 2015 The Regents of the University of California
Sophistication of Verb Forms
No Evidence of Verb Sophistication (EL):
And he do it right. It go get dirty.
[And can you tell him how to do it, because he
doesn't know how?]
Slow.
Personal routine
EL
•Use of simple verbs in sentence fragments
•Errors in verb usage (do, go)
Not (yet) evident
Emerging
Developing
Controlled
© 2015 The Regents of the University of California
Sophistication of Verb Forms
Emerging Verb
Sophistication
(EL): (EO/P):
Emerging
Verb
Sophistication
Personal routine
EL
EO/P
You
want
to brush
your teeth.
Just get
you something.
Then
So you
have
to brush
your teeth
because
if you don't,
you
to brush
your
then
you spit
thenput
thesomething
cavities are
going
to teeth.
get inAnd
your
teeth.
Andout
then
the water in the sink. And then you brush your teeth again
your teeth are going to rot. And then you won't have any
and spit the water again.
more
teeth
and she
you're
going
toher
have
to swallow food.
[And tell
her why
should
brush
teeth?]
[Can
youshe
tellnot
him
how
to teeth,
do it?]she's going to fall off.
Because
brush
that
You take a toothbrush and you put toothpaste on it. And
•then
Use you
of simple
verb types
present
put water
on it(simple
and then
you tense,
scrub present
your teeth
progressive),
infinitives, and negation in mostly complete
with it.
sentences
usage
of simple
(9 out
of 11)
••Mostly
Use of accurate
simple verb
types
(simpleverbs
present
tense,
present
progressive), infinitives, and negation in complete sentences
Not (yet) evident
Emerging
Developing
Controlled
© 2015 The Regents of the University of California
Sophistication of Verb Forms
Developing
DevelopingVerb
VerbSophistication
Sophistication(EL):
(EO/P):
Personal routine
EL
EO/P
Not (yet) evident
You
need toyou
brush
your
teeth,clean
friend?
YouAnd if
He know
shouldwhy
do you
it because
want
to have
teeth.
need
to brush
yourhow
teeth,
otherwise
your then
teethteach
will allhim
fall
he doesn't
know
to brush
his teeth,
out.
First you
get all
thetogerms
then
drink
because
you need
won'ttoknow
how
brushout,
yourand
teeth.
And
that's
some
all. water and then spit it in the sink. And then you have a
weird
So you
think.
[And toothbrush.
can you tell him
how
to do it because he doesn't know
[And
can you tell him why he should do it?]
how?]
Because
tooth your
will fell
all with
out. a toothbrush. And you
You haveyour
to brush
teeth
could brush your teeth because you could lose your tooth..
• Repetitive use of modals in addition to simple verbs and
infinitives
• Repetitive use of modals in addition to simple verbs,
•Some
inaccurate
verb use (your tooth will fell)
infinitives,
and negation
Emerging
Developing
Controlled
© 2015 The Regents of the University of California
Sophistication of Verb Forms
Controlled
Verb Sophistication
(EO/P):
Controlled
Vocabulary
Sophistication
(EL):
Personal routine
EL
EO/P
Not (yet) evident
You should clean your teeth to have no cavities and
Because you should brush your teeth. And then if
make your teeth clean. And how you do it is that you
you're done, you put water in your toothbrush. And
put toothpaste on your toothbrush, and you brush your
then you start brushing your teeth all over again.
teeth. And just swish your mouth with water. And then
[And can you tell him why he should do it?]
you're done.
Because it's so important.
• Use of modal and present participle in addition to
• Use
of modal,
present
participle, and gerund in
simple
verbs and
infinitives
addition to simple verbs
Emerging
Developing
Controlled
© 2015 The Regents of the University of California
Sophistication of Verb Forms
• Children moved from the use of verbs in sentence fragments (i.e.,
omitting expected subjects and objects of verbs) through the repetitive
use of simple verb forms (e.g., present, past, negation, and infinitives)
to a range of more complex verb forms (e.g., modals, present
participles, perfect tense verbs, and gerunds).
Academic task
EL
EO/P
Controlled Verb Sophistication (EL):
Developing Verb Sophistication (EL):
Emerging Verb Sophistication (EL):
No Evidence of Verb Sophistication (EL):
Six.
• No verb use
Not (yet) evident
You doControlled
it so it canVerb
help Sophistication
you find out how
(EO/P):
many there are in all and so you can learn
more Using
of thethe
numbers.
[Researcher:
And
cubes this
way makes
it easier
can you
tell herSay
how
to they
find out
to count.
that
werehow
all spread
manyapart.
there Ifare?]
many
there
in two,
you How
lay them
like
this,are
one,
all? There's
all. There're
three, six.
four,There
five, are
six, in
seven,
eight, it won't
six. [Researcher:
herthem
how stacked
quite work. Can
But ifyou
youtell
have
you found
that three,
out?] Ifour,
found
that
one, two,
five,
six,out
it'llbybe
counting
them..
easier
to count them all.
[Can you tell her how to do it?]
• UseLet's
of modals
inof
addition
say youand
hadgerund
a bunch
cubes like
to simple
this. verbs
Take two cubes and just press them
together. Take another cube. Press it
together. Take another cube. Press it
together. Take another cube. Press it
together. Take another cube. Press it
together. And take another cube and
press it together. That's how you would
do it until you have all of them stacked
together.
Um it helps you count. [Researcher: Can
Emerging
Sophistication
you tell
him howVerb
to do
it to find out (EO/P):
how
many there are?] Put them together.
You have to put the cubes straight and
one top
the in
other
one. Then you
• Useeach
of simple
verbs
complete
count them. And then you'll know how
sentences
many there are. [Researcher: And can you
tell him why this way helps?] Because it
will be better. It won't be crooked, or
wiggly, or try to fall, or too big..
• Use of simple verb types (simple
present tense, simple future tense),
infinitives, and negation in complete
sentences
Emerging
Developing Verb Sophistication (EO/P):
[Researcher: Can you tell her how to do
it? Can you tell her why this way helps?]
You said how to use cubes. [Researcher:
So you can learn and count. To learn and
So can you tell him?] Be very gentle with
count when you grow, you could count
cubes. There's little squares of cubes in
and learn. [Researcher: Anything else?]
the middle. And then also, there's a lump
And so you could get to the number two
up. So we can make them stack on top.
thousand. And to learn about all the
And there's no bottom to cover cause we
numbers. And to show your mom and
stack them. We put the fat part on top.
your dad and your brother or your uncles.
We can put six on or seven or eight or
And your grannies. Whoever you show
nine. But I have six blue cubes that are
them. [Researcher: Can you tell your
plastic. Only blue. This is how you use
friend how to do it?].
cubes. [Researcher: Perfect! And can
you tell her why this way helps?] Why
• Repetitive use of modals in addition to
this way helps is because they help you
simple verbs
learn and guess numbers. If you just take
two at a time, it will make four. One,
two! And if you put them together, it will
be two Unifix cubes. And if we put two
more, it will be six. Two plus two plus
two is six. [Researcher: Anything else?]
Also there's erasers..
• Use of participles and modals in
addition to simple verbs, infinitives, and
negation
• Repetitive use of modals in addition
to simple verbs
Developing
Controlled
© 2015 The Regents of the University of California
Sophistication of Verb Forms
No Evidence of Verb Sophistication (EL):
Academic task
EL
Six.
• No verb use
Not (yet) evident
Emerging
Developing
Controlled
© 2015 The Regents of the University of California
Sophistication of Verb Forms
Emerging Verb Sophistication (EO/P):
Academic task
EL
EO/P
You have to put the cubes straight and each one top the
Emerging
Sophistication
(EL):
other one. Verb
Then you
count them. And
then you'll know
how many there are.
It [And
helpscan
youyou
count.
tell him why this way helps?]
[Can
you
tell
him
how
to doItitwon't
to find
how many
there or
Because it will be
better.
beout
crooked,
or wiggly,
are?]
try to fall, or too big.
Put them together.
• Use of simple verb types (simple present tense, simple
• Use
of simple
in complete
sentences
future
tense), verbs
infinitives,
and negation
in complete
sentences
Not (yet) evident
Emerging
Developing
Controlled
© 2015 The Regents of the University of California
Sophistication of Verb Forms
Developing Verb Sophistication (EO/P):
Academic task
EL
EO/P
BeDeveloping
very gentleVerb
with Sophistication
cubes. There's little
(EL):squares of cubes in the middle.
And then also, there's a lump up. So we can make them stack on top. And
there's
bottom
cover
’cause
stack
put the
part on
So youno
can
learnto
and
count.
To we
learn
andthem.
countWe
when
youfat
grow,
top.
cancount
put sixand
on or
seven or eight or nine. But I have six blue cubes
youWe
could
learn.
that
are plastic.
Only blue. This is how you use cubes.
[Anything
else?]
[And
youcould
tell herget
why
helps?]
And can
so you
to this
the way
number
two thousand. And to learn
Why this way helps is because they help you learn and guess numbers. If
about all the numbers. And to show your mom and your dad and
you just take two at a time, it will make four. One, two! And if you put
your brother or your uncles. And your grannies. Whoever you show
them together, it will be two Unifix cubes. And if we put two more, it will
them.
be
six. Two plus two plus two is six.
[Anything else?]
• Repetitive
use of modals in addition to simple verbs
Also
there's erasers.
• Repetitive use of modals in addition to simple verbs
Not (yet) evident
Emerging
Developing
Controlled
© 2015 The Regents of the University of California
Sophistication of Verb Forms
Controlled Verb Sophistication (EO/P):
Academic task
EL
EO/P
Using the cubes this way makes it easier to count. Say that they were
all spread apart. If you lay them like this, one, two, three, four, five,
Controlled
Vocabulary Sophistication (EL):
six, seven, eight, it won't quite work. But if you have them stacked
one, two, three, four, five, six, it'll be easier to count them all.
You do it because so it can help you find out how many there are in all
[Can you tell her how to do it?]
and so you can learn more of the numbers.
Let's say you had a bunch of cubes like this. Take two cubes and just
[And can you tell her how to find out how many there are?]
press them together. Take another cube. Press it together. Take
How many there are in all? There's six. There are in all. There are six.
another cube. Press it together. Take another cube. Press it together.
[Can you tell her how you found that out?]
Take another cube. Press it together. And take another cube and press
I found that out because I was counting them. By counting them.
it together. That's how you would do it until you have all of them
together.
•stacked
Use of modals
and gerund in addition to simple verbs
• Use of participles and modals in addition to simple verbs, infinitives,
and negation
Not (yet) evident
Emerging
Developing
Controlled
© 2015 The Regents of the University of California
Sophistication of Verb Forms
• Children moved from the use of verbs in sentence fragments (i.e.,
omitting expected subjects and objects of verbs) through the repetitive
use of simple verb forms (e.g., present, past, negation, and infinitives)
to a range of more complex verb forms (e.g., modals, present
participles, perfect tense verbs, and gerunds).
Controlled Verb Sophistication (EL):
Personal routine
EL
EO/P
Why should she do it? She could
clean her teeth um by getting her
toothbrush and then put a little bit of
paste. Then get a little bit of water
and start brushing your teeth. And
whenControlled
she's done,
to clean
her mouth
Verb
Sophistication
with a(EO/P):
little bit of water and then
clean her mouth. And she should do
it so her
Shemouth
shoulddoesn't
do it bysmells
gettingbad
a
and her
teeth could
beitclean
toothbrush
andalways
cleaning
because it
and. And
so they
won'tonsay
youyou
don't
can have
germs
it. So
wash it
brushwith
yourwater.
teeths.
You put toothpaste. Then
clean your bottom teeth and your top
• Useteeth.
of gerunds,
modals,
Then after
youand
do that, if you
participles
addition to simple
verbs,use that
have in
mouthwash,
you could
infinitives,
and could
negation
and you
floss too. You should
•Mostly
correct
verb
use
(at
least
80%)to get
do it because you don't want
cavities and go to the dentist.
Developing Verb Sophistication (EL):
I will tell her that you should brush your
teeth so it will get all healthy and you
won't get germs or cavities. And I should
tell her how to do it by putting toothpaste,
water. Brush really good and wash your
tongue. And then put water in it and then
spit it out. And that's all I will tell her, to a
Developing Verb Sophistication
friend.
(EO/P):
Emerging Verb Sophistication (EL):
You get your brush. You get your hand.
Put something like those. Then put your
hand in your mouth and then you shake it
in your mouth. Then you have to brush
them because
you do
not brush them,
Emergingif Verb
Sophistication
(EO/P):
will be ugly like that. Then if you do brush
your teeth
teeth will Put
be it under
You all
firstday,
get your
a toothbrush.
happy.water. And then put toothpaste on it
but not too much. And you do top to
• Use ofbottom.
simple verbs
(simple
present
tense
I usually
do right
to left.
And
and simple
tense),
infinitives,
and And
then future
you wash
your
toothbrush.
negation
complete
youinget
water sentences
in your mouth and spit it
out. That's how I do it. And why I do it
is to stay healthy and to not get
cavities and to make sure germs don't
go in and go all over.
• Use of gerunds, modals, and participles in
Okay, how he should do it? Okay,
addition to simple verbs, infinitives, and
you need to get your toothbrush.
negation
Clean it with water. Brush it however
•Mostly correct verb use (at least 80%)
you want, but you need to still brush
it. And you should do it because you
don't want your teeth to get dirty and
to fall off and to get cavities.
• Use of gerunds and modals in addition
to simple verbs, infinitives, and negation
• Repetitive use of modals in addition to
simple verbs, infinitives, and negation
•Use of simple verbs, infinitives, and
negation in complete sentences
Not (yet) evident
Emerging
Developing
Controlled
© 2015 The Regents of the University of California
Sophistication of Verb Forms
N/A
Personal routine
Not (yet) evident
Emerging
Developing
Controlled
© 2015 The Regents of the University of California
Sophistication of Verb Forms
Emerging Verb Sophistication (EL):
Emerging Verb Sophistication (EO/P):
Personal routine
EL
EO/P
You get your brush. You get your hand. Put something
You first get a toothbrush. Put it under water. And then
like those. Then put your hand in your mouth and then
put toothpaste on it but not too much. And you do top
you shake it in your mouth. Then you have to brush
to bottom. I usually do right to left. And then you wash
them because if you do not brush them, will be ugly
your toothbrush. And you get water in your mouth and
like that. Then if you do brush your teeth all day, your
spit it out. That's how I do it. And why I do it is to stay
teeth will be happy.
healthy and to not get cavities and to make sure germs
don't go in and go all over.
• Use of simple verbs (simple present tense and simple
future
infinitives,
and negation
in complete
• Use oftense),
simple verbs,
infinitives,
and negation
in complete
sentences
sentences
Not (yet) evident
Emerging
Developing
Controlled
© 2015 The Regents of the University of California
Sophistication of Verb Forms
Developing Verb Sophistication (EL):
Personal routine
EL
EO/P
She
should do itVerb
because
her teeth are going
to get yellow and she's
Developing
Sophistication
(EO/P):
going to smell bad with her teeth when she talks. And she may have
a cavity. And she has to know also to brush her teeth like a circle.
Okay, how he should do it? Okay, you need to get your
Then you brush it right here. You brush it on your right there. Then
toothbrush. Clean it with water. Brush it however you want, but
you brush it on your tongue so your tongue can be clean too.
you need to still brush it. And you should do it because you don't
[Anything else?]
want your teeth to get dirty and to fall off and to get cavities.
She has to do it because when she talks, she spit it out.
• Repetitive use of modals in addition to simple verbs, infinitives,
• Use of modals in addition to simple verb types (simple present
and negation
tense, present progressive), infinitives, and negation
•Some inaccurate verb use (when she talks, she spit it out)
Not (yet) evident
Emerging
Developing
Controlled
© 2015 The Regents of the University of California
Sophistication of Verb Forms
Controlled Vocabulary Sophistication (EL):
Controlled Verb Sophistication (EO/P):
Personal routine
EL
EO/P
Not (yet) evident
Why should she do it? She could clean her teeth by getting
Shetoothbrush
should do and
it bythen
getting
and cleaning
her
put aa toothbrush
little bit of paste.
Then getit a
because
can have
on it. So your
you wash
withwhen
little
bit ofitwater
and germs
start brushing
teeth.itAnd
water.
Youto
put
toothpaste.
Then
clean
yourbitbottom
teeth
she's
done,
clean
her mouth
with
a little
of water
and
andclean
your top
you dodo
that,
youmouth
have
then
her teeth.
mouth.Then
Andafter
she should
it soif her
mouthwash,
useteeth
that could
and you
couldbefloss
too.
doesn't
smells you
bad could
and her
always
clean.
Youso
should
do it because
you don't
want
get cavities
And
they won't
say you don't
brush
yourtoteeths.
and go to the dentist.
• Use of gerunds, modals, and participles in addition to
• Useverbs,
of gerunds
and modals
in addition to simple
simple
infinitives,
and negation
verbs, infinitives,
and
negation
•Mostly
correct verb
use
(at least 80%)
Emerging
Developing
Controlled
© 2015 The Regents of the University of California
Sophistication of Verb Forms
• Children moved from the use of verbs in sentence fragments (i.e.,
omitting expected subjects and objects of verbs) through the repetitive
use of simple verb forms (e.g., present, past, negation, and infinitives)
to a range of more complex verb forms (e.g., modals, present
participles, perfect tense verbs, and gerunds).
Controlled Verb Sophistication (EL):
Academic task
EL
EO/P
Developing Verb Sophistication (EL):
Emerging Verb Sophistication (EL):
My teacher told me that I just have to help
you do these things.. You have to, I'm
Emerging Verb Sophistication (EO/P):
going to break them apart and you have
Not (yet) evident
Using the cubes to count it's easy because
Controlled Verb Sophistication (EO/P):
you could count with your fingers, but
sometimes when you count with your
You can do it whatever strategy you want,
fingers you get confused. And so you could
but if you're doing it my strategy, you can
use cubes so you could, you already know,
do one, two, three, four, five and then
because when you get confused with the
make a block. Like that. And then you can
cubes, now you can count them again.
do another five, or you can just add on.
And that's why. You could use this cubes
But once you do the other five, you can
this way because when you're putting all
connect them. Keep on doing it until
together, you're counting when you're
they're all in tens. And if you have five left
putting it together.
over, and there's five tens, that'll be fiftyfive. It helps because it's easy if you know
• Use of modals and participle in
how to count by tens. And it's faster than
addition to simple verb types (simple
counting by one and then two, three, four,
present tense, present progressive) and
five.
infinitive
Developing Verb Sophistication (EO/P):
You need to put all in one color, and so
you could get them all together. And then
So what you should do is you should put
you could count them. So she could count
them in each color, and then you count
them.
how many in each color. And then how
much I got was I had ten in each. So I think
• Repetitive use of modals in addition to
I got forty-eight. It helped me to get my
simple verbs and infinitives
answers because I can count them one by
one, or two by two, or by a number.
• Use of modals and participle in
addition to simple verbs (simple present
tense, simple future tense) and negation
to count them by colors and match them
I grouped them by tens. And then after I
together. So if you have to use this, you
counted how many groups there were, and
have to connect them together because
I got five. And five tens equals fifty. There
it's easier how to do it. And my teacher
was fifty cubes. And it's easier this way
told me to tell you that.
because it's a friendly number so it's faster
and more efficient to count them and
• Use of simple verb types (simple
group them by tens.
present tense, simple past tense, present
progressive) and infinitives in complete
• Use of simple verbs (present and past
sentences
tense) and infinitives in complete
sentences
• Repetitive use of modals in addition to
simple verbs and infinitives
Emerging
Developing
Controlled
© 2015 The Regents of the University of California
Sophistication of Verb Forms
N/A
Academic task
Not (yet) evident
Emerging
Developing
Controlled
© 2015 The Regents of the University of California
Sophistication of Verb Forms
Emerging Verb Sophistication (EL):
Emerging Verb Sophistication (EO/P):
Academic task
EL
EO/P
My teacher told me that I just have to help you do these
Ithings.
grouped
And
thenapart
afterand
I counted
howto
I'mthem
goingbytotens.
break
them
you have
many
were,
I got
five.together.
And five So
tens
count groups
them bythere
colors
and and
match
them
if you
equals
Thereyou
was
fiftyto
cubes.
Andthem
it's easier
this way
have tofifty.
use this,
have
connect
together
because it's a
friendly
it's my
faster
and more
easier
hownumber
to do it.soAnd
teacher
told me to
efficient
to count them and group them by tens.
tell you that.
• Use of simple verb
verbstypes
(present
and present
past tense)
andsimple
(simple
tense,
infinitives
complete
sentencesand infinitives in complete
past tense,inpresent
progressive)
sentences
Not (yet) evident
Emerging
Developing
Controlled
© 2015 The Regents of the University of California
Sophistication of Verb Forms
Developing Verb Sophistication (EO/P):
Developing Verb Sophistication (EL):
Academic task
EL
EO/P
So what you should do is you should put them in each
You need
to putyou
them
all in
onemany
color,inand
socolor.
you could
color,
and then
count
how
each
And
get them
all together.
AndI had
thenten
youincould
them.
then
how much
I got was
each.count
So I think
I got
[And
why
does
using
the
cubes
this
way
help
her?]
forty-eight. It helped me to get my answers because I can
So shethem
couldone
count
them.
count
by one,
or two by two, or by a number.
• Repetitive use of modals in addition to simple verbs
• Repetitive use of modals in addition to simple verbs and
and infinitives
infinitives
Not (yet) evident
Emerging
Developing
Controlled
© 2015 The Regents of the University of California
Sophistication of Verb Forms
Controlled Verb Sophistication (EO/P):
(EL):
Academic task
EL
EO/P
Using
the cubes
to count
it's well
easy you
because
you way
could
count
It
can help
this way
because
see, this
you
can with
your fingers,
but sometimes
when
you
count
your
fingers
easily
remember
how many of
these
they
are.with
So for
instance,
you can
get confused.
AndIt's
so not
youtoo
could
use
cubes
so youtipcould,
you
stack up five.
high
that
it would
over
you already
know,
when youwhen
get confused
withwith
the
easily.
And you
canbecause
easily remember,
you're done
cubes,
youyou
cancan
count
that's
You five
the
fivenow
stack,
justthem
lock itagain.
in yourAnd
brain.
OKwhy.
I've got
could
use this
cubes
way because
putting
all
in
a stack.
When
I getthis
another
stack, I'llwhen
haveyou're
ten. And
you can
together,
you'rethat
counting
when
putting
together.
just
remember
basically
andyou're
just lock
it in it
your
head
basically.
• Use of modals and participles in addition to simple verb types
present in
progressive)
infinitive
•(simple
Use of present
modals tense,
and participle
addition toand
simple
verbs (simple
present tense, simple future tense) and negation
Not (yet) evident
Emerging
Developing
Controlled
© 2015 The Regents of the University of California
Sophistication of Verb Forms
• Children moved from the use of verbs in sentence fragments (i.e.,
omitting expected subjects and objects of verbs) through the repetitive
use of simple verb forms (e.g., present, past, negation, and infinitives)
to a range of more complex verb forms (e.g., modals, present
participles, perfect tense verbs, and gerunds).
Controlled Verb Sophistication (EL):
Personal routine
EL
EO/P
He should clean his teeth because,
like I said that you could get cavities.
Your teeth could change color. So
you want to eat more junk food. First
Controlled
Verb Sophistication
you get
a toothbrush
and then put
(EO/P):on it. And then you start
toothpaste
washing your mouth. And then start
So first
should
some
water
cleaning
youryou
teeth.
Andget
then
when
for after
finish
your
you think
youryou
teeth
arebrushing
clean, then
teeth. And
take
you gargle
with then
water.
Andyour
thentoothbrush
it and
put toothpaste
on and
whenand
youwet
finish
gargling
with all that,
put itflossing
in your your
mouthteeth.
and scrub your
you start
back teeth with the brush part and
then
front teeth.
And then
• Use
of your
gerunds,
participle,
and rinse
your
with theverb
brush and
modal
in tongue
additionout
to simple
typesthen just spit out and drink some
water. And you should do it to clean
your teeth so you don't get any
cavities because that would hurt
because you would have to get your
teeth drilled through, and also to
clean out all the foods and so your
breath doesn't stink.
Developing Verb Sophistication (EL):
Emerging Verb Sophistication (EL):
Well, you get a toothbrush. If you don't
have one, then go to the store and get
one. Get toothpaste. Put the toothpaste
on the toothbrush and brush all of your
teeth good. And get all the food out of
them and yeah. [Researcher: and why he
shouldEmerging
do it?] ToVerb
be clean.
So he doesn't
Sophistication
(EO/P):
get cavities. And yeah. [Researcher:
anything
No. on your toothbrush
Putelse?]
toothpaste
and brush your teeth really good.
Use ofBrush
simple
and future
for verbs
at least(present
thirty seconds.
No,
tense) atand
infinitives
in complete
least
one minute.
I'd say one
sentences
minute. And brush teeth because you
don't want your personal hygiene to
get really bad.
You should clean your teeth because
you could have germs in there and you
don't want to have yellow teeth or food
stuck to
your teeth.
AndSophistication
you should first
Developing
Verb
get a toothpaste
and a toothbrush. Put
(EO/P):
the toothpaste on the toothbrush. And
then you
a toothbrush
Thisgrab
is how
you clean and
yourstart
teeth.
scrubbing
teeth.
Andflosser
then you
get get
First your
you get
a little
or you
some awater.
drink box
it though.
stringAnd
fromdon't
a flosser
and then
You put
it
on
your
mouth
and
then
youon
you put it in between your teeth
just start
shaking
your mouth.
And
each
of yourinteeth.
And then
you put
then you
spit it out.
then you and
can you
toothpaste
onAnd
a toothbrush
use mouthwash
too. Andofflossing.
scrub one quarter
your mouth for
thirty seconds and then the other and
• Usethen
of modal
in addition
to simple
the other
and then
the other
verbs until
and infinitives
you've completed your two
minutes. You don't want to get
cavities and you don't want your
dentist to be mad with you. And it
looks really weird if you have a lot of
cavities and it's sort of something to
be proud of if you don't have any
cavities.
• Use of modals, gerund, and participle
in addition to simple verb types
• Use of present perfect tense in addition
to simple verbs, infinitives, and negation
• Use of simple verbs, infinitives,
and negation in complete sentences
Not (yet) evident
Emerging
Developing
Controlled
© 2015 The Regents of the University of California
Sophistication of Verb Forms
N/A
Personal routine
Not (yet) evident
Emerging
Developing
Controlled
© 2015 The Regents of the University of California
Sophistication of Verb Forms
Emerging
Verb
Sophistication
Emerging
Verb
Sophistication
(EL): (EO/P):
Personal routine
EL
EO/P
Not (yet) evident
I'll
tell you
her to
dentist and
lookdon't
her teeth
Well,
getgoa to
toothbrush.
If you
haveand
one, then
they'll
her toothpaste.
And
her mom to
go to give
the store
and get one.
Gettell
toothpaste.
Putbuy
theher
atoothpaste
toothpasteon
onthe
andtoothbrush
then to clean
teeth
andher
brush
allevery
of your
single
teethday.
good. And get all the food out of them.
[And why he should do it?]
• To
Usebeofclean.
simple
(present
future tense) and
Soverbs
he doesn't
getand
cavities.
infinitives in complete sentences
• Use of simple verbs, infinitives, and negation in
complete sentences
Emerging
Developing
Controlled
© 2015 The Regents of the University of California
Sophistication of Verb Forms
Developing Verb Sophistication (EO/P):
Personal routine
EL
EO/P
This is how you clean your teeth. First you get a little flosser or you
get a string from a flosser box and then you put it in between your
teeth on each of your teeth. And then you put toothpaste on a
toothbrush and you scrub one quarter of your mouth for thirty
Developing
Sophistication
(EL):
seconds and Verb
then the
other and then
the other and then the other
until you've completed your two minutes. You don't want to get
You
haveand
to clean
your teeth
for they
could
And you.
you And it
cavities
you don't
want your
dentist
tobe
beclean.
mad with
have
get the
brush
andhave
do italike
lookstoreally
weird
if you
lot this.
of cavities and it's sort of
something to be proud of if you don't have any cavities.
• Use of modal in addition to simple verbs and infinitives
• Use of present perfect tense in addition to simple verbs,
infinitives, and negation
Not (yet) evident
Emerging
Developing
Controlled
© 2015 The Regents of the University of California
Sophistication of Verb Forms
Controlled Verb Sophistication (EO/P):
Controlled Vocabulary Sophistication (EL):
Personal routine
EL
EO/P
So first you should get some water for after you finish brushing
She should clean her teeth by getting the toothbrush and
your teeth. And then take your toothbrush and wet it and put
putting some toothpaste. And add a little bit of water, and do it
toothpaste on and put it in your mouth and scrub your back
in circles and everywhere, and also the top cause you don't
teeth with the brush part and then your front teeth. And then
want food on the top. Then when you're done cleaning your
rinse your tongue out with the brush and then just spit out and
teeth, just put water in your mouth and do bubbles. Then spit it
drink some water. And you should do it to clean your teeth so
out into the sink. You should clean your teeth because it
you don't get any cavities because that would hurt because you
protects your teeth and it helps it keep it white and your mouth
would have to get your teeth drilled through, and also to clean
not smelly.
out all the foods and so your breath doesn't stink.
• Use of gerunds, participle, and modals in addition to simple
• Use of modals, gerund, and participle in addition to simple
verb types
verb types
Not (yet) evident
Emerging
Developing
Controlled
© 2015 The Regents of the University of California
Sophistication of Verb Forms
• Children moved from the use of verbs in sentence fragments (i.e.,
omitting expected subjects and objects of verbs) through the repetitive
use of simple verb forms (e.g., present, past, negation, and infinitives)
to a range of more complex verb forms (e.g., modals, present
participles, perfect tense verbs, and gerunds).
Controlled Verb Sophistication (EL):
He should do it like this because it'll make
it a lot easier instead of counting every
single cube altogether. So it's better if you
Verb color
Sophistication
make itControlled
with the same
of piles to (EO/P):
Academic task
EL
EO/P
make it easier because if you put all the
used the cube
I imagine
colorsItogether,
then because
if you just
keep onit as a
thing
like
you like,
like ayou
candy
counting
one
bywhatever
one, whichever
order,
a popsicle.
Andone
I just
imagined
splitting
mightor
count
the same
twice,
and you
with
everything.
And
helps me by
mightthem
get the
wrong
answers.
It'sitbetter
remembering
more.
And
I
think
you
because piles make it more organized by
should
useor
it since
it would
the same
colors
numbers.
And help
it'll you a lot
skiporganized
counting because
make ifit you
a lotdo
more
so that'sit would
why. go faster and you'd have more time to do
stuff. You could use them in probably twos
six tensgerunds,
fives, whatever
number you
• Use fours
of modals,
and participle
reallyto
cansimple
countverbs
by. and negation
in addition
Developing Verb Sophistication (EL):
Emerging Verb Sophistication (EL):
I will tell him to use the cubes like this
because it's kind of easier to count because
it's going to be like a big line. And it's better
Emerging Verb Sophistication (EO/P):
like this because it makes a little more
space.
First you have your pile. You count by ones
where each cube represents one. So you
• Use of simple verbs (present and future
just count up to ten. And then you grab
tense) and infinitives in complete
and you put it in a pile. And then you do it
sentences
for each of them and you just do it until
there's no more left. And then you just
count it up by how many you put in the
pile, and then you'll get the answer.
You should use it like this because it's an
easier way. Or you can separate them.
And skip count by tens because if you
put it in
random numbers,
you have to(EO/P):
Developing
Verb Sophistication
count them to see what number you'll
get. And
pair
it in and
tensput
forthem
you
Youyou
canshould
take the
cubes
can get
your
answer.
It helps
you make as
into
stacks
of ten.
And then
because
if you
put of
them
many
stacks
ten in
as random
you can. And then
numbers,
you line
would
notupknow
whatcount
you can
them
and then
number
you'll
get.
Andwere
the pairs
of tenswhich
them.
And
there
ten stacks,
that you
use And
will help
you more
is acould
hundred.
it helped
me this way
than put
themifinI'm
random
numbers.
because
counting
them one by one,
I might miss which one I'm on and then
• Repetitive
of all
modals
addition
to
have touse
start
over. in
And
that would
simpletake
verbs
(present
a long
time,tense,
and it future
would also take
tense),a infinitives,
and negation
lot longer than
this would. And this is
•Somean
inaccurate
verb use (more than
easier way.
put them)
• Repetitive use of modals in addition to
simple verb types (simple present,
simple past, present progressive) and
infinitives
• Use of gerunds and modal in addition
to simple verbs and infinitive
• Use of simple verbs (present and future
tense) and infinitives in complete
sentences
Not (yet) evident
Emerging
Developing
Controlled
© 2015 The Regents of the University of California
Sophistication of Verb Forms
N/A
Academic task
Not (yet) evident
Emerging
Developing
Controlled
© 2015 The Regents of the University of California
Sophistication of Verb Forms
Emerging Verb Sophistication (EO/P):
Academic task
EL
EO/P
How to use the cubes to count is to sometimes have them
inEmerging
a group. Verb
Like stack
a couple and
Sophistication
(EL):then count by twos or
also just count by ones. But if you stack five, or you just
count
and to
putuse
them
littlelike
separate
groups,it's
it'skind
a little
I will five
tell him
thein
cubes
this because
of
faster.
just grab
five like
two,
three,
easierYou
to count
because
it'sone,
going
to be
like four,
a bigfive
line.and
And
then
you put
it this
rightbecause
here, and
one, two,
three,
four,
five
it's better
like
it makes
a little
more
space.
and put it right there. And I'll count at the end, like five, ten,
fifteen,
twenty,
thirty,
• Use of
simpletwenty-five,
verbs (present
andthirty-five.
future tense) and
infinitives in complete sentences
• Use of simple verbs (present and future tense) and
infinitives in complete sentences
Not (yet) evident
Emerging
Developing
Controlled
© 2015 The Regents of the University of California
Sophistication of Verb Forms
DevelopingVerb
Verb
Sophistication
Developing
Sophistication
(EL):(EO/P):
Academic task
EL
EO/P
can takeuse
theit cubes
and
put them
stacksway.
of ten.
And can
You should
like this
because
it's into
an easier
Or you
then make
as many
of ten
youbecause
can. And
thenput
youit can
separate
them.
And stacks
skip count
byas
tens
if you
in
line themnumbers,
up and then
counttothem.
there
were
ten number
stacks,
random
you have
countAnd
them
to see
what
whichget.
is a And
hundred.
And it pair
helped
thisforway
I'm
you'll
you should
it inme
tens
youbecause
can getifyour
countingItthem
one, I might
missthem
whichinone
I'm on
and
answer.
helpsone
youby
because
if you put
random
numbers,
thenwould
have to
all what
over. number
And thatyou'll
would
take
a long
time,of
you
notstart
know
get.
And
the pairs
and itthat
would
lot help
longer
than
thisthan
would.
And this
tens
you also
couldtake
useawill
you
more
put them
in is
random
an easiernumbers.
way.
••Repetitive
Repetitive use
use of
of modals
modals in
in addition
addition to
to simple
simple verb
verbstypes
(present
(simplefuture
present,
simple
past, present
progressive) and
tense,
tense),
infinitives,
and negation
infinitives
•Some
inaccurate verb use (more than put them)
Not (yet) evident
Emerging
Developing
Controlled
© 2015 The Regents of the University of California
Sophistication of Verb Forms
Controlled Vocabulary Sophistication (EL):
Controlled
Verbher
Sophistication
(EO/P):
She should clean
teeth by getting
the toothbrush and
Academic task
EL
EO/P
putting some toothpaste. And add a little bit of water, and do
You
into ten by either
putting
them
in just you
piles or
it ingroup
circlesthem
and everywhere,
and also
the top
because
connecting
them.onAnd
do it this
waydone
because
it's
don't want food
theyou
top.should
Then when
you're
cleaning
probably
one
of put
the water
easiestinnumber,
common
number,
to get
your teeth,
just
your mouth
and do
bubbles.
Then
to
the
spit
it answer.
out into the sink. You should clean your teeth because it
protects your teeth and it helps it keep it white and your
•mouth
Use ofnot
gerunds
smelly.and modal in addition to simple verbs and
infinitive
• Use of modals, gerunds, and participle in addition to simple
verbs and negation
Not (yet) evident
Emerging
Developing
Controlled
© 2015 The Regents of the University of California