Download Digestive System: True-False Review

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM: TRUE-FALSE REVIEW
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The salivary gland directly below the ear is called the sublingual gland.
The pancreas is superior to the stomach.
Herbivores use their molars/premolars to grind and crush food.
Long canines are present in both carnivores and herbivores.
Taste buds are also called papillae.
Each taste bud is actually a collection of many taste cells.
Another name for throat region is pharynx.
The esophagus lies ventral to the trachea
Chewing of food is a form of chemical digestion.
Amylase is a hormone which breaks down maltose.
Maltase is a substrate for maltose.
The layer of the esophagus most proximal to the lumen is the muscularis.
The muscularis of the esophagus is composed of oblique, circular, and longitudinal muscles.
To enter the stomach, food must pass through the cardiac sphincter.
Peristalsis occurs in the esophagus, stomach, and intestines.
Different orientations of muscles in the stomach maximize churning ability.
Gastric pits are tiny depressions in the serosa.
Villi are not found in the stomach.
Rugae are folds in the mucosa of the intestine.
Pancreatic juice (with pancreatic enzymes) acts in the intestine.
Gastric juice contains lipase, pepsin, renin, HCl and bile.
HCl converts pepsinogen into pepsin which breaks down proteins.
Proteins are broken down into fatty acids.
Triglycerides are the substrate for lipase.
The three parts of the small intestine in correct order are: duodenum, ileum, jejunum.
Very little absorption of nutrients occurs in the small intestine.
Proteins are micronutrients.
Bile is stored in the gall bladder but produced by the liver.
Bile functions by emulsifying fats.
Cholesterol is a type of lipid used to make sex hormones.
Anemia is often caused by a deficiency in potassium.
Unlike macronutrients, micronutrients are needed in large amounts daily.
Glucose and amino acids are absorbed into the lacteal of a villus.
Glycerol and fatty acids (ie. triglycerides) are absorbed into the capillaries of a villus.
Blood enters a villus through a venule; blood leaves by an arteriole.
Sucrase converts sucrose into glucose + galactose.
Enzymes may be destroyed (denatured) by high or low temperature but not by changes in pH.
Two major functions of the large intestine are to re-absorb water and to produce vitamins.
The part of the large intestine on the right side of your body is called the descending colon.
The small intestine has the same 3 major layers as the esophagus.
Trypsin digests complex carbohydrates to simple carbohydrates.
Glycogen and starch are polysaccharides of glucose and both are stored in liver and muscle.
The pancreas produces both insulin and glucagon.
Patients with diabetes lack the hormone insulin and may suffer from hyperglycemia.
Glucagon acts by raising blood sugar levels; insulin acts by lowering blood sugar levels.
Secretin is released by the small intestine due to the presence of acid and leads to bicarbonate release from the
gall bladder.
CCK is released by the stomach due to the presence of fats and leads to bile release from the pancreas.
Gastrin is released by the stomach due to the presence of protein and leads to gastric juice release.
Carnivores tend to have shorter digestive tracts than herbivores.
Bendedict’s solution detects simple sugars and turns from blue to orange/red.
Taste buds are found on the lateral borders of the rugae.
In terms of amino acid chain length: polypeptides > peptides > proteins.
The esophagus is medial to the lungs and inferior to the stomach.
From superior to inferior the regions of the stomach are: fundus, body, antrum.
Starving is clinically defined as intake of less than 15,000 KJ of energy per day.
Thyroid hormone regulates metabolism and heat production and requires iodine atoms.
Pellagra s a skin disorder caused by too little Vit B1 in the diet.
Osteomalacia is a bone disorder caused by too little potassium.
Iron is a mineral/micronutrient needed by hemoglobin to carry oxygen in white blood cells.
Fat soluble vitamins are A, D, E, and K.
Steps: Ingestion, Absorption, Digestion, Egestion.
Organisms such as the hydra and earthworm have both mouth and anus.
The gizzard of an earthworm contains enzymes to physically break down food.
Human enzymes in the stomach work best at: 37 degrees Celsius and a pH of about 6.
Maltase is a type of “disaccharidase” whereas pepsin is a type of “protease”.
Villi in the stomach and rugae in the small intestine increase the surface area for digestion.
The organ of the body that detoxifies drugs and other chemicals is the liver.
Humans have 6 salivary glands in total.
Chemical digestion of food begins in the stomach.
The sigmoid colon is more distal to the rectum than the transverse colon is.