Download Skeletal System

Skeletal System
206 Total Bones
Cranium
Mandible
Clavicle
Sternum
Scapula
Humerus
Rib
Vertebral
Column
Pelvis
Ulna
Radius
Sacrum
Carpals
Coccyx
Metacarpals
Phalanges
Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fibula
Tarsals
Metatarsals
Phalanges
Skeletal System
Information
Appendicular
System
126 bones
Axial System
80 bones
Functions of the
Skeletal System
• Framework of the body
• Supports and protects the
internal organs
• Facilitates Movement
• Mineral storage: calcium and
phosphorus
• Hematopoiesis: Formation of
blood
Interesting Bone Facts
• The longest bone in your body
is the bone above your knee,
the thighbone.
• Your funny bone isn’t a bone at
all.
• When you were born, you had
more than 300 bones. By the
time you stop growing, you’ll
have 206.
• Your bones are living. They
grow as you get older.
Examples of each type
of bone
• Long bone
• Femur, tibia,
fibula,
humerus, ulna,
radius, clavicle
• Short bones
• Carpals,
tarsals,
metacarpals,
metatarsals,
phalanges
• Flat Bones
• Cranial Bones,
Facial Bones,
Scapula,
Sternum
• Irregular bone
• Vertebrae,
Ribs, Ear, Hip,
Hyoid
Classification of Bones on
the Basis of Shape
Figure 5.1
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Types of Bones
• Long Bone
Head – Body - Head
• Flat Bone
Provides Protection
• Short Bone
As wide as they are long
• Irregular Bone
bones which do not fall into
any other category
Types Of Joints
Pivot
Hinge
Top of the neck
Elbow/Knee
Ball & Socket
Shoulder/Hip
Gliding
Intercarpal joints
Connective Tissues
• Cartilage –
• Ligament –
• Tendon –
•
Allows joints to move
easily, cushions bones,
and supports soft tissue
•
Hold bones in place at the
joints
•
Joins muscle to muscle or
muscle to bone
Vertebral Column
• Cervical
Vertebrae (7)
• Thoracic
Vertebrae (12)
• Lumbar
Vertebrae (5)
• Sacrum
• Coccyx
Sinal Cavities
Types of Fractures
Fractures are often classified according to
the position of the bone ends after the
break:
Open Fracture
Bone ends penetrate the skin
Closed Fracture
A Fracture that does not break the skin
Greenstick Fracture
Only one side of the bone is broken, mostly seen in
children
Transverse Fracture
Break at a right angle and caused by direct traumatic
injury
Spiral Fracture
Bone broke because of a twisting type motion
Sports injury or abuse injury.
Oblique Fracture
Rarest form of fractures, the break is at an
angle.
Conditions of the
Skeletal System
Osteoporosis
Bones become fragile and
more likely to break
Osteoarthritis
Joint disorder where the
cartilage is wearing away
Osteomalacia & Rickets
• Osteomalacia
– Literally “soft bones.”
– Causes can include insufficient
dietary calcium , vitamin D or
exposure to sun light.
• Rickets
– Children's form of
osteomalacia
– More detrimental due to the
fact that their bones are still
growing.
– Signs include bowed legs,
and deformities of the
pelvis, ribs, and skull.
Osteomyelitis
• Osteomyelitis
– Osteo=bone + myelo=marrow +
itis=inflammation.
– Caused by pus-forming bacteria
that enter the body via a wound or
migrate from a nearby infection.
– Fatal before the advent of
antibiotics.
Osteoporosis
– Often seen in
postmenopausal
women because they
experience a rapid
decline in estrogen
secretion;
Clinical conditions
• Gigantism
– Childhood hypersecretion
of growth hormone by the
pituitary gland causes
excessive growth.
• Acromegaly
– Adulthood hypersecretion
of GH causes overgrowth of
bony areas still responsive
to GH such as the bones of
the face, feet, and hands.
• Pituitary dwarfism
– GH deficiency in children
resulting in extremely short
long bones and maximum
stature of 4 feet.
Rickets
• Rickets is the softening and
weakening of bones in
children, usually because of
an extreme and prolonged
vitamin D deficiency.
• Some skeletal deformities
caused by rickets may need
corrective surgery.
Arthritis
• Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a
long-term disease that leads to
inflammation of the joints and
surrounding tissues
Gouty arthritis
• Gout is a disease that results
from an overload of uric acid
in the body. Chronic gout can
also lead to deposits of hard
lumps of uric acid in and
around the joints and may
cause joint destruction,
decreased kidney function,
and kidney stones.
Pharmacology
• Bisphosphonates: used to
treat/prevent osteoporosis.
Examples: Fosamax, Boniva
• NSAIDS (Non-Steriodal Antiinflammatory Drugs): used to
treat inflammation and pain
from arthritis. Examples:
Ibuprofen, Naproxen