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Learning objectives What is energy? Give examples of six forms of energy Define two laws of energy Explain energy metabolism Explain the activities involved in supplying energy to the cells of the body What is energy? 1. strength 2. the ability to do work 3. the capacity to produce a change within a system Where can you see energy in this classroom? Radiator: gives off heat energy (thermal) Light: gives off energy in the form of light (radiant) Cables: electrical energy; makes the computer work Students writing: kinetic energy (motion) Students eating: chemical energy Throwing a ball of paper: gravitational energy Students talking: sound energy Other forms of energy Potential energy (stored): Atomic: nuclear energy Forms of energy 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. kinetic (motion) electrical thermal (heat) chemical light sound gravitational potential http://www.teachertube.com/viewVideo.php?video_id=127807 Forms of energy Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. We can observe it as the movement of a person or an object, e.g. a person walking, throwing a ball, writing, talking. Potential energy: objects that are not in motion possess potential energy, e.g. potential energy is stored in a stretched rubber band. When it is released the stored energy is converted to kinetic energy. Electrical energy is the presence and flow of an electric charge. Thermal (heat) energy is generated by heat of any kind. It is caused by increased movement of molecules in a substance, which in turns causes its temperature to rise. When we rub our hands together the mechanical energy increases thermal energy in the atoms in our hands. When we put our hands over a hot stove we can feel thermal energy transfer. When we cook we burn gas to convert the chemical energy into thermal energy. Light is a form of radiant energy that we can detect with our eyes. The energy in light comes from chemical energy, electrical energy and nuclear energy. It is a combination of electrical and magnetic energy that travels very fast. Gravitational energy: anything that is high up has gravitational energy. When the skier goes down the hill, gravitational energy changes into kinetic energy. Gravitational energy is stored and is therefore a kind of potential energy. Words: Forms of energy http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TI2ItQIvexg&feature=related forms of energy The energy laws 1. The Law of Conservation of Energy The energy cannot be created or destroyed. This is the fundamental principle of physics. The energy of an isolated system is constant over time despite changes. 2. Transformation of energy Energy can change its form within the system, e.g. chemical energy can become kinetic energy. Energy can change its location within the system, e.g. Practical activities: Students jump, clap their hands 1. What form energy do we need to be able to clap our hands? 2. What form of energy do we use when clapping our hands? 3. Into what other forms of energy is the kinetic energy turned? (heat energy and sound energy) 1. What form of energy will you get from eating a breakfast in the morning? Chemical energy 2. What type of energy are you using when riding a bicycle? Kinetic, muscles change chemical energy into kinetic. 3. Chemical energy can be transferred into other forms of energy. Give four examples of these forms. (kinetic energy when we move, heat energy to keep warm, sound energy when we speak) http://www.teachertube.com/viewVideo.php?title=Transforming_Energy&video _id=241560 Why do we need energy? The body needs energy for: 1. pumping of the heart 2. breathing 3. to push food along the intestines 4. to absorb food from the intestine into blood 5. to move urine from the kidney to the bladder 6. for the correct functioning of the nervous system 7. for the correct functioning of the brain 8. to replace the heat we lose to our environment 9. for growing 10. for tissues repair What do we need to produce energy in our body? 1. food 2. oxygen glucose + oxygen= energy+ water+ carbon dioxide Use your textbook and the handout to form definitions of the following concepts: metabolism, anabolism and catabolism. Metabolism Metabolism is a collection of … reactions that take place in the body’s cells to convert the fuel in the food we eat into the … needed to power everything we do. Metabolism is a when we die. … process. It begins when we are conceived and ends There are two distinct parts to metabolism: (a) Catabolism is the part of metabolism in which substances are … down. During … reactions complex organic substances are broken down to form simpler ones. These reactions usually release energy that the body can use in anabolic reactions. Some of them also provide chemical … blocks that can be used for other substances. Examples of catabolic reactions include the breaking down of … during respiration and the breakdown of starch during digestion. (b) Anabolism is about building and storing. Anabolism is the part of … in which substances are built up. During anabolic reactions, the body makes … organic compounds out of simpler ones. These … normally require a “push” in the form of energy. Examples of anabolic reactions include making proteins from amino acids and making glycogen from glucose. Anabolism: 1. supports the … 2. contributes to the 3. supports the … of new cells … of body tissues of energy for use in the future Words: reactions, catabolic, maintenance, metabolism, chemical, complex, growth, storage, broken, constant, energy, building, glucose The physiology of respiratory system in relation to energy metabolism Respiration: a chemical process in which food is broken down to release energy. Blood supplies glucose to the cells. Aerobic respiration also requires Oxygen. The products of tissue respiration are Carbon Dioxide + water + energy. C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy Glucose + oxygen= carbon dioxide + water+ energy Which type of energy does the balloon’s potential energy turn into when we let the balloon go? a) chemical b) electric c) kinetic In which order does energy change from one type to another when you ride a bike and then stop. a) chemical, heat, kinetic b) chemical, kinetic, heat c) heat, kinetic, chemical Which type of energy does a runner have? a) electrical b) elastic c) kinetic