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FRIDAY, JANUARY 13, 2017 Agenda • Warm Up: Early Civilizations Map • Reviewed Correct Answers to 5 Features of a Civilization Organizer (back of notebook page 7) • Shared Research Information from Mesopotamia and Egypt Organizer with the class • Homework: Turn in Biography Mini-Project Tuesday (1/17) and Study for Vocab Quiz Tuesday (1/17) USE THE INFORMATION ON THE MAPS ON THIS SLIDE AND ON THE NEXT 3 SLIDES TO COMPLETE YOUR EARLY CIVILIZATIONS MAP Use the information on the next two slides to check your answers on you 5 Features of a Civilization Organizer. • Complex Institutions • Institution – a long lasting pattern of organization in a community such as • Government • Religion • Economy • Technology • New tools and techniques that solve problems and make like easier • Specialized Workers • Specialized means someone has the skills to do a specific kind of work • Advanced Cities • In order to be considered a city it must have 1. Large population 2. Must be a center of trade • Record Keeping • Must have a developed system of writing so the people can • Record business • Write a set of laws • Priests can record rituals and dates MESOPOTAMIA AND EGYPT ORGANIZER • Mesopotamia LOCATION/GEOGRAPHY • Fertile Crescent - arc of land between the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean Sea in Southwest Asia. • Mesopotamia means “land between the rivers.” • * Tigris River and Euphrates River • *Both rivers flooded once a year and left a thick bed of silt (rich, new soil left behind when rivers flooded) RELIGION • Sumerians were polytheistic (believed in many gods) • They built temples called ziggurats where food, wine and animals were sacrificed to the gods. CULTURE/SOCIETY • Women could hold (own) property • Scholars believe that women could be priests or scribes but they were not allowed to attend schools ECONOMICS • Agriculture was the basis of the Mesopotamian economy • Produced a surplus of agricultural products was traded for resources they did not have timber, metal POLITICS (GOVERNMENT) • Sumerians were one of the first groups of people to form a civilization. • A city-state is a city, usually surrounded by farmland, that developed their own governments • Sumer’s earliest governments were controlled by temple priests • After priests, hereditary rulers came to power. A hereditary ruler passes power down to family members. (Monarchy) • A series of rulers from the same family is called a dynasty. • An empire is a political system that brings together several peoples, nations, or independent states under the control of one ruler. TECHNOLOGY • Cultural diffusion is the process in which a new idea or a product spreads from one culture to another. • They invented the wheel, the sail. and the plow. • They were the first to use bronze. • The built irrigation systems. INTELLECTUAL/ARTS • The Epic of Gilgamesh was one of the earliest works of literature in the world OTHER IMPORTANT STUFF • Mesopotamian city-states were overwhelmed by nomadic invaders who established their capital at Babylon. • The Babylonian Empire reached its peak during the reign of Hammurabi. • Hammurabi recognized that a single, uniform code of laws would help to unify the diverse groups within his empire. • collected existing rulings, judgments, and laws into the Code of Hammurabi. • Had his code engraved in stone, and copies were placed all over his empire.