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9Ce-1 Genetics and evolution Name Class Date These statements describe what you should have learnt about. B33 B34 B35 B36 B37 B38 B39 genetic information is passed from one generation to the next; this is called heredity how heredity occurs, including knowledge of chromosomes, genes and DNA, and the part played by Watson, Crick, Wilkins and Franklin in the development of the DNA model there are differences between species the variation between individuals within a species can be continuous or discontinuous the variation between species and between individuals of the same species means some organisms compete more successfully, which can result in natural selection changes in the environment may leave individuals within a species, or an entire species, less well adapted to compete successfully and reproduce, which may cause extinction why it is important to maintain biodiversity and the use of gene banks to help do this 9A 9A 7D 7D, 9A 9A 7D, 9A 8B, 9A Circle the correct answers to these two multiple choice questions. 1 Chromosomes are found in: [1 mark] A the nuclei of all cells B the nuclei of gametes only C animal cells only D chloroplasts. 2 A gene bank may store: [1 mark] A money made from genes B gametes C money to be used for biodiversity projects D red blood cells. Revise what you have learnt about the statements above. Use the Student Book, Summary Sheets and your own notes. Then answer the questions below on a separate sheet of paper. 3 What does genetic information do for an organism? [1 mark] 4 Describe how DNA, genes and chromosomes are linked to each other. [2 marks] 5 Give the names of the two scientists who finally solved the structure of DNA. [2 marks] 6 State what is meant by the term species. [2 marks] 7 Some people can roll their tongues and others cannot. Explain whether this is an example of continuous variation, discontinuous variation or is not an example of either type. [2 marks] 8 The level of water in a lake gradually gets higher and higher over thousands and thousands of years. As this happens the legs of wading birds, which eat creatures from the mud on the bottom of the lake, get longer. Use the idea of natural selection to explain how scientists think that the bird’s legs got longer. [4 marks] 9 The dodo bird became extinct after animals such as rats and pigs were introduced to the island on which it lived. Suggest two ways in which this change in the environment might have caused the extinction of the birds. [2 marks] 10 State one reason why we should preserve biodiversity. [1 mark] Mark your own answers and identify areas that still need more work by highlighting the statements in the table at the top as red, amber or green. What activities are you going to do to improve your understanding in any weak areas? © Pearson Education Ltd 2015. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 11 Page 1 of 2 9Ce-1 Genetics and evolution Answers Q NC Answer Mark Scheme 1 B34 A the nuclei of all cells Any cell that has a nucleus will contain chromosomes. 1 mark 2 B39 B gametes A gene bank is a store of material that can be used to produce organisms. 1 mark 3 B33 controls what an organism does/looks like 1 mark 4 B34 chromosomes contain genes genes (and chromosomes) are made of DNA 2 marks (1 for each point) 5 B34 James Watson and Francis Crick You don’t need their first names. Note that Wilkins and Franklin helped solve the structure of DNA but the question asks for the two scientists who did the final working out. 2 marks (1 for each name) 6 B35 a set of organisms that can breed together their offspring can also reproduce Make sure that you have used the word organisms and not animals. 2 marks (1 for each point) 7 B36 discontinuous because discontinuous variation is variation that only has a limited number of choice 2 marks (1 for each point) 8 B37 as the water level rose, some birds by chance had longer legs the longer legged birds could wade further into the lake and so find more to eat so the longer legged birds would be more likely to survive and reproduce so the next generation of birds would have more birds with longer legs 4 marks (1 for each point) 9 B38 Two of: ● the new animals ate the birds eggs ● the new animals ate the birds (probably just the young chicks) ● the new animals destroyed the areas where the dodos liked to live or nest ● the new animals ate all the food that the dodos would normally eat. There were probably three real reasons for the extinction of the dodos: they were easy to hunt for the sailors who landed on the island; their eggs and young were eaten by rats and other animals brought to the island by humans; their habitat was destroyed by humans as they cut down forests to get wood for boats and buildings. 2 marks (1 for each point) 10 B39 One of: ● Organisms are interdependent and so if one dies out/becomes extinct it affects all the organisms in an area. ● There are many undiscovered substances in organisms that may be useful to us and so we should stop organisms becoming extinct. ● Areas with greater biodiversity recover better from natural disasters (such as fires or floods). 1 mark © Pearson Education Ltd 2015. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 12 Page 2 of 2