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Lesson 1 Marco Polo traveled to China and stayed for 16 years friend/advisor to Chinese leader writes about his experience his stories inspire many others to establish trade relationships in China Admiral Zheng He explored southeast Asia explored the east coast of Africa Chinese explorer discovers many new places inspires other countries to send out explorers Mansa Musa leader of Mali wants Timbuktu to become a center for trade travels to Mecca to set up trade agreements ends up also creating Timbuktu as a center for art and learning encouraged the sharing/spreading of cultures makes Mali stronger Silk Road trade routes between Europe and China Europeans get goods they don't have in Europe--mostly luxury items increase in trade = merchants make more money more money = more merchants both encourage European countries to explore Kublai Khan leader of China friends with Marco Polo expands the trade relationships with Europe Lesson 2 Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press allowed people: to learn more, spread ideas because it makes it faster, easier, and cheaper to print books books other than the Bible are available more people can learn more things Renaissance time of rebirth and/or renewal 1300s-1400s huge interest in science, arts, writing lots of new inventions, stories, art work less focused on everything being religious New Technology (astrolabe, compass, gunpowder, sextant) astrolabe: measures the distance of the sun from the horizon compass: magnetic instrument that allowed sailors to know where they were based on knowing which was way North gunpowder: used in guns and cannons sextant: more accurate than the astrolabe for finding distance from the horizon tools make sailing/exploring: easier safer--gunpowder for defense, can find way home people were more willing to explore when they knew they would have a better chance of finding their way home, and being able to defend themselves as they explored Prince Henry Portugal "Henry the Navigator" wants to make Portugal a center for art and learning--mostly focused on maritime activities (shipbuilding, navigation, sailmaking, etc.) school for explorers to learn how to be successful leads to finding a sea route to Asia invention of the caravel Bartolomeu Dias exploring off west coast of Africa gets blown off course finds out you can sail around the tip of Africa calls it the Cape of Good Hope Vasco da Gama follows Dias' route first Portuguese sailor to reach India opens up new trade routes for Europe and Asia Lesson 3 Christopher Columbus 1492 explores for Spain trying to find a sea route to Asia across the Atlantic Ocean ends up in Caribbean Sea islands discovers those islands expands the world's knowledge of what is there responsible for the Columbian Exchange he is also responsible for the deaths of many Native people King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella leaders of Spain eventually agree to fund Columbus's exploration thinking they will get lots of money/gold because they continue to fund Columbus, the Columbian Exchange develops Columbian Exchange movement of goods between the Americas and Europe America to Europe: tomato, corn, squash, potato, cacao Europe to America: animals, beans, bananas, coffee; also diseases new resources for Europe new trade partners/routes new/expanded exploration for others in Europe spread of culture--language, dress, religion (some good, some bad) many Natives were killed (battles/fighting and disease) Pedro Alverez Cabral: explored for Portugal explored eastern coast of South America (Brazil) Vasco Nunez de Balboa: explores for Spain explores modern day Panama claims the Pacific Ocean and all the land it touches for Spain first European to see the Pacific Ocean Ferdinand Magellan: explores for Spain crew is responsible for circumnavigating the globe almost don't make it he is killed in the Philippines 18 men and 1 ship finally make it back to Spain Lesson 4 Hernan Cortes Spanish conquistador--looking for a city of gold conquered the Aztec empire puts Montezuma in jail to take control had 500 conquistadors with him able to take control of Tenochtitlan because: 1. allied with other enemies of the Aztecs 2. conquistadors were brutal and were better prepared 3. disease killed off many of the Aztecs Montezuma leader of the Aztecs welcomes Cortes and thinks he is going to be a guest, but Cortes puts him in jail thrown in jail so Cortes can take over the empire Aztecs fight back but are ultimately done in by disease Juan Ponce de Leon Spanish explorer explores Florida looking for a fountain of youth Hernando de Soto Spanish explorer explores Georgia, Florida, all around the southeast first European to reach the Mississippi River enslaves/fights many native Americans on his way Francisco Vasquez de Coronado Spanish explorer explores Mexico and southwest and central North America looking for more cities of gold first to see the Grand Canyon travels more than 3,500 miles