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Skeletal Anatomy How Many Bones? 206 Bones in the Human Body 26 Vertebrae (Spine) 29 Skull 31 Axial Skeleton (Ribs, Scapula, Clavicles, Pelvis) 60 Arms 60 Legs A newborn baby has 270 bones 64 fuse during development after birth Functions of Bones Support/Structure Heart & Lungs Provides structure for the shape of the human body Protection Brain & Vital Organs Muscle Attachments (over 600) Formation of Red & White Blood Cells Center of the bone Location for Mineral Storage Outer portion of bones) Composition of Bone Epiphysis (Ends of bones) Site of Growth Plates Diaphysis (main portion) Blood cells formed A Closer Look… -Osteums Periosteum = outer layer Endosteum = inner layer Types Spongy Bone Contact Bone Site of numerous blood vessels Production of Red Blood Cells Provides protection Medullary Cavity Home of Bone Marrow Majority of Spongy bone is found here Classification of Bones Long Bones Short Bones Flat Bones Irregular Bones Sesamoid 2 Skeletons -- 1 Body Axial Skeleton Spine Skull Scapula (Shoulder Blades) Rib Cage Clavicle (Collarbone) Pelvis Appendicular Skeleton Arms Legs Types of Joints Diarthrodial Aka “Synovial Joints” (most joints in the body) Hinge Elbow, Knee Multiaxial (aka Ball & Socket) Hip, Shoulder Amphiarthodial Joints that have cartilage connecting two bones Examples include: Ribs to Sternum Vertebrae to Vertebrae Right Pubic Bone to Left Pubic Bone Synarthrodial Fibrous Joints Aka Immoveable Joints Skull Lower portion of the Tibia & Fibula Joint Axial Skeleton Skull Separated into two parts – Cranium & Face Cranium Occipital (Back) Parietal (Top & Side) Frontal (Front) Temporal (Side) **There are two temporal bones** Face Nasal (Nose) Zygomatic (Cheek Bone) Maxilla (Upper Jaw) Mandible (Lower Jaw) Hyoid Bone “Adams Apple” Only bone in the body that does not directly connect to another bone (anchored by ligaments) Acts as a moveable base for the tongue Greater horn & Lesser horn Act as attachment points for neck muscles that raise & lower the larynx during swallowing & speech Ribs 12 ribs on each side of the body True Ribs (7): connect independently to the sternum via cartilage False Ribs(5): jointly connect to the sternum via one section of cartilage Floating Ribs (2): Part of the false ribs, but do not connect to the sternum Sternum (Breastbone) One bone…three sections #1: Manubrium Attachment site for the clavicle & rib #1 #2: Body Attachment site for cartilage junction of the ribs #3: Xiphoid Process Attachment for muscles Fractured or Displaced Damage to the diaphragm, heart or liver Vertebral (Spinal) Column Five (5) Sections Cervical Vertebrae C1-C7 (7) Thoracic Vertebrae T1-T12 (12) Lumbar Vertebrae L1-L5 (5) Sacrum S1-S5 (fused to form one bone) Coccyx C1-C3 or 5 (fused to form one bone) -- # dependent on the person Several Functions Provides structure for the back Acts as an attachment site for muscles & all 12 ribs Provides protection to the spinal cord Allows the trunk to flex, extend & rotate Vertebrae C1-C2 Vertebrae Thoracic Vertebrae Lumbar Vertebrae Appendicular Skeleton Upper Extremity (Arms) Consists of sixty (60) bones Shoulder Girdle Clavicle (collarbone) & Scapula (shoulder blade) Provides structure & support for the shoulder joint Acts as an attachment site for most muscles of the shoulder Humerus (Upper Arm) Upper portion = shoulder joint Lower portion = elbow joint Forearm (Radius & Ulna) # of joints involved = 7 Wrist (Carpal Bones = 8) Hand Metacarpals (5): Provides structure to the hand (palm) Phalanges (14): Provides structure to the fingers Scapula Clavicle Humerus Radius & Ulna Carpals Metacarpals Phalange (Phalanx) Lower Extremity (Legs) Hip/Pelvis 3 Parts: Ilium, Ischium, Pubis Femur (Thigh) – Largest bone in the body Patella (knee cap) Lower Leg Tibia (Shin bone) Fibula Tarsals (Ankle): total of 7 Foot Metatarsals (5): provide structure to the foot Phalanges (14): provide structure to the toes Pelvis Femur Tibia Fibula Tarsals Metatarsals Activity Complete worksheet Directions Around the Body North, South, East, & West = World Human Body directions are dependent on location (in relation to center of the body) Anterior/Ventral (Toward the Front of the Body) Posterior/Dorsal (Toward the Back of the Body) **Ventral & Dorsal apply to the hands, feet, & thorax (trunk) Medial (Toward the midline of the body) Lateral (Away from the midline of the body) Superficial (Close to the body’s surface) Deep (Away from the body’s surface) Superior (One point/structure is higher than another) Inferior (One point/structure is lower than another) Proximal (Toward an attachment or the trunk) Distal (Away from an attachment or the trunk)