Download Skeletal Anatomy

Skeletal Anatomy
How Many Bones?
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206 Bones in the Human Body
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26 Vertebrae (Spine)
29 Skull
31 Axial Skeleton (Ribs, Scapula, Clavicles,
Pelvis)
60 Arms
60 Legs
A newborn baby has 270 bones
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64 fuse during development after birth
Functions of Bones
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Support/Structure
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Heart & Lungs
Provides structure for the shape of the human body
Protection
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Brain & Vital Organs
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Muscle Attachments (over 600)
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Formation of Red & White Blood Cells
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Center of the bone
Location for Mineral Storage
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Outer portion of bones)
Composition of Bone
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Epiphysis (Ends of
bones)
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Site of Growth Plates
Diaphysis (main
portion)
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Blood cells formed
A Closer Look…
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-Osteums
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Periosteum = outer layer
Endosteum = inner layer
Types
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Spongy Bone
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Contact Bone
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Site of numerous blood vessels
Production of Red Blood Cells
Provides protection
Medullary Cavity
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Home of Bone Marrow
Majority of Spongy bone is
found here
Classification of
Bones
Long Bones
Short Bones
Flat Bones
Irregular Bones
Sesamoid
2 Skeletons -- 1 Body
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Axial Skeleton
Spine
 Skull
 Scapula (Shoulder Blades)
 Rib Cage
 Clavicle (Collarbone)
 Pelvis
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Appendicular Skeleton
Arms
 Legs
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Types of
Joints
Diarthrodial
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Aka “Synovial Joints”
(most joints in the
body)
 Hinge
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Elbow, Knee
Multiaxial (aka Ball
& Socket)
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Hip, Shoulder
Amphiarthodial
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Joints that have
cartilage connecting
two bones
Examples include:
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Ribs to Sternum
Vertebrae to Vertebrae
Right Pubic Bone to
Left Pubic Bone
Synarthrodial
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Fibrous Joints
Aka Immoveable
Joints
Skull
Lower portion of the
Tibia & Fibula Joint
Axial Skeleton
Skull
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Separated into two parts – Cranium & Face
Cranium
 Occipital (Back)
 Parietal (Top & Side)
 Frontal (Front)
 Temporal (Side)
 **There are two temporal bones**
Face
 Nasal (Nose)
 Zygomatic (Cheek Bone)
 Maxilla (Upper Jaw)
 Mandible (Lower Jaw)
Hyoid Bone
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“Adams Apple”
Only bone in the body that
does not directly connect to
another bone (anchored by
ligaments)
Acts as a moveable base for
the tongue
Greater horn & Lesser horn
 Act as attachment points
for neck muscles that raise
& lower the larynx during
swallowing & speech
Ribs
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12 ribs on each side
of the body
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True Ribs (7): connect
independently to the
sternum via cartilage
False Ribs(5): jointly
connect to the
sternum via one
section of cartilage
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Floating Ribs (2): Part
of the false ribs, but do
not connect to the
sternum
Sternum (Breastbone)
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One bone…three sections
#1: Manubrium
 Attachment site for the
clavicle & rib #1
#2: Body
 Attachment site for
cartilage junction of the
ribs
#3: Xiphoid Process
 Attachment for muscles
 Fractured or Displaced
 Damage to the
diaphragm, heart or
liver
Vertebral (Spinal) Column
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Five (5) Sections
 Cervical Vertebrae C1-C7 (7)
 Thoracic Vertebrae T1-T12 (12)
 Lumbar Vertebrae L1-L5 (5)
 Sacrum S1-S5 (fused to form one bone)
 Coccyx C1-C3 or 5 (fused to form one bone) -- #
dependent on the person
Several Functions
 Provides structure for the back
 Acts as an attachment site for muscles & all 12 ribs
 Provides protection to the spinal cord
 Allows the trunk to flex, extend & rotate
Vertebrae
C1-C2 Vertebrae
Thoracic Vertebrae
Lumbar Vertebrae
Appendicular
Skeleton
Upper Extremity (Arms)
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Consists of sixty (60) bones
Shoulder Girdle
 Clavicle (collarbone) & Scapula (shoulder blade)
 Provides structure & support for the shoulder joint
 Acts as an attachment site for most muscles of the
shoulder
Humerus (Upper Arm)
 Upper portion = shoulder joint
 Lower portion = elbow joint
Forearm (Radius & Ulna)
 # of joints involved = 7
Wrist (Carpal Bones = 8)
Hand
 Metacarpals (5): Provides structure to the hand (palm)
 Phalanges (14): Provides structure to the fingers
Scapula
Clavicle
Humerus
Radius & Ulna
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalange (Phalanx)
Lower Extremity (Legs)
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Hip/Pelvis
 3 Parts: Ilium, Ischium, Pubis
Femur (Thigh) – Largest bone in the body
Patella (knee cap)
Lower Leg
 Tibia (Shin bone)
 Fibula
Tarsals (Ankle): total of 7
Foot
 Metatarsals (5): provide structure to the foot
 Phalanges (14): provide structure to the toes
Pelvis
Femur
Tibia
Fibula
Tarsals
Metatarsals
Activity
Complete worksheet
Directions Around the Body
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North, South, East, & West = World
Human Body directions are dependent on location
(in relation to center of the body)
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Anterior/Ventral (Toward the Front of the Body)
Posterior/Dorsal (Toward the Back of the Body)
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**Ventral & Dorsal apply to the hands, feet, & thorax
(trunk)
Medial (Toward the midline of the body)
Lateral (Away from the midline of the body)
Superficial (Close to the body’s surface)
Deep (Away from the body’s surface)
Superior (One point/structure is higher than another)
Inferior (One point/structure is lower than another)
Proximal (Toward an attachment or the trunk)
Distal (Away from an attachment or the trunk)