Download Chapter 10 review, page 246 1-5, 8, 10

1. Abiotic factors are opposite to biotic factors because abiotic means
non-living and biotic means living.
2. Consumer is opposite to producer because producers make their own
food from chemicals, while consumers consume other living things.
3. Autotroph is opposite to heterotroph for the same reason above,
autotroph is the same as producer, heterotroph the same as consumer.
4. Herbivore is opposite to carnivore. Herbivores are consumers that eat
plants, carnivores are consumers that eat other animals.
5. Generalist is opposite to specialist. Specialists eat or do only one thing, or
one type of thing, while generalists are good at many things and can eat lots
of different stuff.
8. Eco means home, an ecosystem provides a home to the living things in the
community that live in it.
10 Because a biome contains all the ecosystems of one kind, an ecosystem
contains the community, the community is made up of populations of many
species and a population is made up of individual organisms, an organism is
part of all these levels of organization in nature.
11. Observations provide the data that can be used to inspire an experiment
and to collect information inside that experiment. In systems too
complicated or too large to experiment on directly, models can be used to
simplify and speed up an investigation.
12 In a city park you would find the following biotic, or living things- grass,
flowers, trees, insects and worms, probably birds and people and maybe
other animals. Abiotically you’d have rock, or tan bark on walking paths, the
soil the plants grow in, rain or a watering system, and the air, sun and
nutrients that plants need to grow.
13. A keystone species is one that is so important to the other species in an
ecosystem that if it wasn’t there, the ecosystem would change in big ways.
Some species would no longer fit into the ecosystem, others might become
overpopulated and the biodiversity would usually go down.
14. If most of the producers in a forest died in a fire, the herbivores and
decomposers that depended on them would decrease as they died or moved
to a new area. His would cause the predator populations to decrease too as
their food became less.
15. Photosynthesis is similar to chemosynthesis since both are ways that
producers are autotrophic- that is they nourish themselves by producing
their own food. But they are different because photosynthesis uses light
energy and water, chemosynthesis uses chemical energy and H2S.
17. A food web shows how energy flows from producers to consumers, and
then from consumer to consumer in the ecosystem. Arrows show the flow of
energy by showing the conections between each prey species and its
consumer.
18. The hydrological cycle describes how water vapor (water as a gas) is
added to the atmosphere by transpiration of plants as they grow, and by
evaporation of water as liquid water in rivers, lakes, and the ocean changes
to water vapor. It then shows how Water vapor condenses into liquid water
vapor as the vapor cools in the atmosphere. When these water droplets get
big enough they fall to Earth as precipitation, then soaks into the ground or
runs off into streams lakes and the ocean.
20 The shape of the pyramid shows how as you go up the levels, much
energy is lost, so the pyramid gets narrow and the boxes smaller. It also can
show which kinds of species live at each level.
21 A biomass pyramid shows the amount of life at each