Download Blood Vessels

Review:
Heart Anatomy
& Circulation
What are the three
circuits of blood
flow?
Number 1-10 on your paper:
(chamber)
(chamber)
(chamber)
External Heart Anatomy
Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology
Elaine N. Marieb
Seventh Edition
Adapted by H. Goon, North HS, Phoenix, AZ
Blood Vessels
&
Blood Pressure
Blood vessels branch out to reach
ALL body cells (Body Worlds exhibit)
Blood Vessels: The Vascular System
1. transports blood to the tissues, and
back to the heart:
Arteries
Arterioles
 Capillaries (surround body cells)
 Venules
 Veins
Comparative Anatomy of the Blood Vessels
2. Blood Vessels: Anatomy
Three layers (tunics)
a) Tunica externa (adventitia) = fibrous
connective tissue
b) Tunica media = smooth muscle
• Controlled by sympathetic nervous
system (of the autonomic system)
c) Tunica interna = endothelium
3. Characteristics of Blood Vessel Types
 Walls of arteries are the thickest
 Lumen of veins are larger
 [students, cross out this bullet point]
 Capillary walls: only one cell layer
thick; allows for exchanges between
blood and tissue
4. capillary beds
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 11.10
Slide
 Capillary beds consist of two types of
vessels
a) Vascular shunt – directly connects an
arteriole to a venule
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 11.10
Slide
b) True capillaries are exchange vessels
 Oxygen and nutrients diffuse from blood to
cells
 Carbon dioxide and metabolic waste
products diffuse from cells into blood
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 11.10
WORD LIST:
low
high
up
down
FLASHBACK:
Diffusion is the movement of particles from
high to ______
low concentration, ______
down the
______
concentration gradient.
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
5. Movement of blood through vessels
 Most arterial blood flow
is due to the pumping
of the heart
 Skeletal muscle
“milks” blood in veins
toward the heart
 Veins have valves that
prevent the backflow of
blood
6. Pulse: a pressure wave of blood
 monitored at “pressure points” where
pulse is easily palpated
Normal: 60-100
beats per minute
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
7. Blood Pressure
a) is the force of the blood against the
walls of the blood vessels; usually refers
to arterial pressure (systemic circuit)
systolic – pressure at the peak of
ventricular contraction
diastolic – pressure when ventricles
relax
NOTE: bp decreases as the distance
away from the heart increases
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
b) Measuring Arterial Blood Pressure
Deflate
cuff
Record
Diastolic
pressure
at Korotkoff’s sound,
record systolic pressure
Normal blood pressure (bp)
systolic: 110–140 mm Hg
diastolic: 75–80 mm Hg
 Hypotension = low systolic
(below 110 mm Hg)
 Hypertension= high systolic
(above 140 mm Hg)
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
8. Factors That Affect Blood Pressure
a) cardiac output
b) total blood volume
c) peripheral resistance
e.g. elasticity of arterial walls
d) blood viscosity (RBCs, proteins)
e) temperature
• heat causes vasodilation
• cold causes vasoconstriction
f) chemicals
e.g. alcohol, nicotine raise bp
g) diet
e.g. salts, saturated fat, cholesterol
h) age, weight, stress, genetics
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Slide
9. Control of Blood Pressure
a) Neural control
 Autonomic nervous system adjustments
(sympathetic division)
b) Renal control
 Regulation by altering blood volume
 Renin – causes production of angiotensin II
a strong vasoconstrictor
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
1. What is the name of the top two
chambers of the heart? [10]
A) atria
B) myocardium
C) ventricles
D) lumens
2. Which of these is NOT like
the other? [10]
A) capillary
B) septum
C) vein
D) artery
3. What
A)
B)
C)
D)
is true about the aorta? [20]
enters the left ventricle
divides heart into left & right
brings blood to the heart
carries oxygenated blood
4. Which of these helps control
when the heart contracts? [20]
A) AV valve
B) Purkinje fibers
C) bundle of His
D) sinoatrial node
5. What info does this formula
provide? [20]
? = (heart rate) x (stroke volume)
A)
B)
C)
D)
blood pressure
RBC count
electrocardiogram
cardiac output
6. What is the normal range for
pulse?
[10]
A) 20-40 bpm
B) 40-60 bpm
C) 60-100 bpm
D) 110-140 bpm
7. What structure separates the left
atrium and left ventricle? [30]
A) mitral valve
B) tricuspid valve
C) pacemaker
D) pulmonary valve
8. Which layer of a blood vessel
contains smooth muscle? [20]
A) tunica intima
B) tunica media
C) tunica externa
D) endothelium
9. What circuit are these blood
vessels part of? [20]
A) systemic circuit
B) conduction system
C) coronary circuit
D) pulmonary circuit
10. What is a characteristic of
veins? [20]
A)
B)
C)
D)
bring blood to the heart
contain valves
have a small lumen
walls lack tunica media
Vital Signs
•
•
•
•
Arterial pulse
Blood pressure
Respiratory Rate
Body Temperature
Diagram of a myocardial infarction (2) of the tip of the
anterior wall of the heart (apical infact) after occlusion (1) of
a branch of the LCA (left coronary artery)
Diffusion at Capillary Beds
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Note: J Physiol Sci. 2013; 63(5): 319–331.
Published online 2013 Jul 4. doi: 10.1007/s12576-013-0274-7
Reports that microcirculation is localized in mesentery, and not
generally true of all organs and tissues.
So, I’m omitting this slide as of 4/15/15
Interactive site for open heart surgery
http://www.abc.net.au/science/lc
s/heart.htm
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Slide