Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Management of acute coronary syndrome wikipedia , lookup
Coronary artery disease wikipedia , lookup
Lutembacher's syndrome wikipedia , lookup
Myocardial infarction wikipedia , lookup
Jatene procedure wikipedia , lookup
Antihypertensive drug wikipedia , lookup
Quantium Medical Cardiac Output wikipedia , lookup
Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries wikipedia , lookup
Review: Heart Anatomy & Circulation What are the three circuits of blood flow? Number 1-10 on your paper: (chamber) (chamber) (chamber) External Heart Anatomy Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology Elaine N. Marieb Seventh Edition Adapted by H. Goon, North HS, Phoenix, AZ Blood Vessels & Blood Pressure Blood vessels branch out to reach ALL body cells (Body Worlds exhibit) Blood Vessels: The Vascular System 1. transports blood to the tissues, and back to the heart: Arteries Arterioles Capillaries (surround body cells) Venules Veins Comparative Anatomy of the Blood Vessels 2. Blood Vessels: Anatomy Three layers (tunics) a) Tunica externa (adventitia) = fibrous connective tissue b) Tunica media = smooth muscle • Controlled by sympathetic nervous system (of the autonomic system) c) Tunica interna = endothelium 3. Characteristics of Blood Vessel Types Walls of arteries are the thickest Lumen of veins are larger [students, cross out this bullet point] Capillary walls: only one cell layer thick; allows for exchanges between blood and tissue 4. capillary beds Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 11.10 Slide Capillary beds consist of two types of vessels a) Vascular shunt – directly connects an arteriole to a venule Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 11.10 Slide b) True capillaries are exchange vessels Oxygen and nutrients diffuse from blood to cells Carbon dioxide and metabolic waste products diffuse from cells into blood Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 11.10 WORD LIST: low high up down FLASHBACK: Diffusion is the movement of particles from high to ______ low concentration, ______ down the ______ concentration gradient. Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings 5. Movement of blood through vessels Most arterial blood flow is due to the pumping of the heart Skeletal muscle “milks” blood in veins toward the heart Veins have valves that prevent the backflow of blood 6. Pulse: a pressure wave of blood monitored at “pressure points” where pulse is easily palpated Normal: 60-100 beats per minute Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings 7. Blood Pressure a) is the force of the blood against the walls of the blood vessels; usually refers to arterial pressure (systemic circuit) systolic – pressure at the peak of ventricular contraction diastolic – pressure when ventricles relax NOTE: bp decreases as the distance away from the heart increases Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings b) Measuring Arterial Blood Pressure Deflate cuff Record Diastolic pressure at Korotkoff’s sound, record systolic pressure Normal blood pressure (bp) systolic: 110–140 mm Hg diastolic: 75–80 mm Hg Hypotension = low systolic (below 110 mm Hg) Hypertension= high systolic (above 140 mm Hg) Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings 8. Factors That Affect Blood Pressure a) cardiac output b) total blood volume c) peripheral resistance e.g. elasticity of arterial walls d) blood viscosity (RBCs, proteins) e) temperature • heat causes vasodilation • cold causes vasoconstriction f) chemicals e.g. alcohol, nicotine raise bp g) diet e.g. salts, saturated fat, cholesterol h) age, weight, stress, genetics Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 9. Control of Blood Pressure a) Neural control Autonomic nervous system adjustments (sympathetic division) b) Renal control Regulation by altering blood volume Renin – causes production of angiotensin II a strong vasoconstrictor Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings 1. What is the name of the top two chambers of the heart? [10] A) atria B) myocardium C) ventricles D) lumens 2. Which of these is NOT like the other? [10] A) capillary B) septum C) vein D) artery 3. What A) B) C) D) is true about the aorta? [20] enters the left ventricle divides heart into left & right brings blood to the heart carries oxygenated blood 4. Which of these helps control when the heart contracts? [20] A) AV valve B) Purkinje fibers C) bundle of His D) sinoatrial node 5. What info does this formula provide? [20] ? = (heart rate) x (stroke volume) A) B) C) D) blood pressure RBC count electrocardiogram cardiac output 6. What is the normal range for pulse? [10] A) 20-40 bpm B) 40-60 bpm C) 60-100 bpm D) 110-140 bpm 7. What structure separates the left atrium and left ventricle? [30] A) mitral valve B) tricuspid valve C) pacemaker D) pulmonary valve 8. Which layer of a blood vessel contains smooth muscle? [20] A) tunica intima B) tunica media C) tunica externa D) endothelium 9. What circuit are these blood vessels part of? [20] A) systemic circuit B) conduction system C) coronary circuit D) pulmonary circuit 10. What is a characteristic of veins? [20] A) B) C) D) bring blood to the heart contain valves have a small lumen walls lack tunica media Vital Signs • • • • Arterial pulse Blood pressure Respiratory Rate Body Temperature Diagram of a myocardial infarction (2) of the tip of the anterior wall of the heart (apical infact) after occlusion (1) of a branch of the LCA (left coronary artery) Diffusion at Capillary Beds Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Note: J Physiol Sci. 2013; 63(5): 319–331. Published online 2013 Jul 4. doi: 10.1007/s12576-013-0274-7 Reports that microcirculation is localized in mesentery, and not generally true of all organs and tissues. So, I’m omitting this slide as of 4/15/15 Interactive site for open heart surgery http://www.abc.net.au/science/lc s/heart.htm Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide