Download Chapter 19 WS - Dr. Larson

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Chapter 19 WS - Dr. Larson - Summer School
Matching
IDENTIFYING KEY TERMS, PEOPLE, AND PLACES
Match each item with the correct statement below. You will not use all the items.
a. NATO
b. Marshall Plan
c. arms race
d. iron curtain
e. brinkmanship
f. blacklist
g. Berlin airlift
h. containment
i. Truman Doctrine
j. HUAC
k. Cold War
l. brinkmanship
m. satellite nation
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1. A(n) ____ in Eastern Europe was controlled politically and economically by the Soviet Union.
2. The ____ was the imaginary line that divided Europe between capitalist West and Communist East.
3. The term ____ refers to the competition that developed between the United States and the Soviet
Union for power and influence in the world.
4. After World War II, American leaders developed a policy of ____ to resist and stop the spread of
communism.
5. The ____ pledged American financial aid to all European nations following World War II.
6. The ____ provided vital supplies to a region blockaded by the Soviet Union.
7. In the late 1940s, the ____ investigated the motion picture industry for Communist influences.
8. A(n) ____ shows the names of people whom employers agree not to hire.
9. ____ is the ability to come to the verge of war without actually going to war.
10. The struggle between the United States and the Soviet Union to gain weapons superiority was the
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KEY TERMS
Match each of the following terms with its description below.
a. satellite nations
b. iron curtain
c. Cold War
d. containment
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12.
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philosophical “wall” of Soviet domination and oppression
U.S. policy of resistance to Soviet attempts at expanding communism
competition between the United States and the Soviet Union for power and influence in the world
countries subject to Soviet domination
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KEY TERMS
Match each of the following terms with its description below.
a. Marshall Plan
b. Berlin airlift
c. Warsaw Pact
d. HUAC
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committee that probed the government for Communist infiltration
a military alliance between the Soviet Union and its satellite nations
American financial aid program for helping Western Europe recover
means of transporting supplies around a Soviet blockade
Completion
Complete each sentence or statement.
IDENTIFYING KEY TERMS, PEOPLE, AND PLACES
Complete each of the following sentences by identifying the correct name in parentheses.
19. In 1946, ____________________ (Winston Churchill, Harry Truman) proclaimed that an iron
curtain separated Communist Eastern Europe from capitalist Western Europe.
20. ____________________ (Vyacheslav Molotov, Josip Broz [Tito] ) defied Stalin and ruled
Yugoslavia relatively free of Soviet interference.
21. Secretary of State ____________________ (George C. Marshall, Joseph McCarthy) drafted a plan
to help European nations rebuild after World War II.
22. American General ____________________ (Douglas MacArthur, George Patton) led United
Nations forces during the Korean War.
23. ____________________ (Mao Zedong, Jiang Jieshi) led the Communist forces that took control of
China in 1949.
24. The trial and execution of ______________________________ (Pat McCarran, Ethel and Julius
Rosenberg) in 1953 intensified the fear of communism as an internal threat to the United States.
25. In 1959, revolutionary leader ____________________ (Fulgencio Batista, Fidel Castro) overthrew
the Cuban dictatorship.
26. Secretary of State ____________________ (John Foster Dulles, Whittaker Chambers) made it clear
that the United States would risk war to protect its national interests, a policy known as brinkmanship.
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Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
IDENTIFYING MAIN IDEAS
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27. Disagreement over which issue worsened postwar relations between the United States and the Soviet
Union?
a. the United Nations charter
b. Soviet sympathy for Nazi Germany
c. the future of Poland
d. the discovery of Russian spies in California
28. Which of the following best describes satellite nations?
a. nations in debt to the World Bank
b. nations that belonged to NATO
c. nations west of the iron curtain
d. nations dominated by the Soviet Union
29. What did President Truman promise in the Truman Doctrine?
a. to support nations trying to resist Soviet control.
b. to fight hunger anywhere in the world.
c. to enforce the American foreign policy of brinkmanship.
d. to reject the former policy of containment.
30. How did the Soviet Union react to the Marshall Plan?
a. The Soviet Union offered to share the plan’s cost with the United States.
b. The Soviet Union refused to participate in the plan.
c. The Soviet Union condemned the plan as unrealistic.
d. The Soviet Union offered Western Europe a competing plan.
31. The Berlin airlift was President Truman’s response to the
a. reunification of East and West Germany.
b. German development of the atomic bomb.
c. Soviet blockade of West Berlin.
d. construction of the Berlin Wall.
32. In response to the formation of NATO, the Soviet Union
a. created the Warsaw Pact.
b. left the United Nations.
c. ended the Berlin airlift.
d. joined the Marshall Plan.
33. Members of the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) charged numerous Hollywood
figures with
a. promoting anti-Semitism.
b. avoiding the issue of racism.
c. spying for the Soviet Union.
d. being sympathetic to Communist ideas.
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34. What was the outcome of the Korean War?
a. Korea was unified under a Communist government.
b. North Korea surrendered after the threat of atomic warfare.
c. Korea remained divided at almost exactly the same place as before the war.
d. China controlled North Korea while South Korea remained independent.
35. What impact did Joseph McCarthy have on American society?
a. He encouraged a widespread fear of communism.
b. He strengthened the United States Army.
c. He encouraged Americans to stand up for their civil rights.
d. He created opposition to United States involvement in Latin American affairs.
36. Which of the following is a reason the United States became involved in affairs in the Middle East
following World War II?
a. to limit Jewish immigration into the region
b. to prevent oil-rich Arab nations from falling under Soviet influence
c. to discourage the founding of a Jewish homeland in the region
d. to overthrow dictatorships in Arab nations
37. At the Yalta conference, Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin decided to
a. keep the Soviet Union out of the war with Japan.
b. divide the defeated Germany into four sectors—American, British, French, and
Soviet.
c. rearm Germany as soon as possible.
d. set up a world organization that would share knowledge of atomic weapons.
38. As World War II ended, a major disagreement between the United States and the Soviet Union
involved
a. Soviet domination of Poland.
b. the division of Latin America.
c. the role of Britain in postwar Europe.
d. the wording of the United Nations charter.
39. Which was an immediate result of the Truman Doctrine?
a. Congress approved $400 million to help Turkey and Greece resist Soviet influence.
b. The state of Israel was founded.
c. The Soviet Union took control over Yugoslavia.
d. Congress established the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC).
40. The Berlin airlift began when
a. West Berliners began fleeing into East Berlin.
b. the British and French had a dispute over German zone boundaries.
c. the Soviets blocked Allied access to West Berlin.
d. the Marshall Plan ended.
41. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was based on the principle of
a. free trade.
b. collective security.
c. appeasement.
d. isolationism.
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42. As a result of the Korean War, the United States succeeded in
a. keeping South Korea free of communism.
b. unifying Korea under a democratic government.
c. ending communism in Southeast Asia.
d. pushing Chinese troops out of North Korea.
43. Both President Truman’s Federal Employee Loyalty Program and Senator Joseph McCarthy’s
hearings aimed to
a. fight discrimination in government jobs.
b. defend Americans’ civil liberties.
c. reinvigorate the American economy.
d. expose Communists in the United States.
44. During the Cold War, a major goal of United States policy in Latin America was to
a. build nuclear weapons bases in Central America.
b. encourage the countries of Latin America to join the United Nations.
c. protect American financial investments in Latin America.
d. prevent Fidel Castro from taking over Cuba.
45. At Yalta, Roosevelt and Churchill clashed with Stalin over his refusal to allow elections in
a. Poland.
b. West Germany.
c. Greece.
d. Japan.
46. The Soviet Union wanted to rebuild after the war in ways that would
a. protect its own interests.
b. establish a politically open world.
c. provide markets for its products.
d. prevent the United States from building an empire.
47. After the war, the Soviet Union quickly took control of
a. the Potsdam Conference.
b. Germany and Japan.
c. the United Nations.
d. several Eastern European countries.
48. Stalin was determined that Germany would never
a. repay its American debts.
b. give up its nuclear weapons.
c. threaten his nation again.
d. take control of the Mediterranean Sea.
49. For nearly 50 years, the Cold War was characterized by
a. small battles worldwide.
b. the gradual decline of Soviet power.
c. American and Soviet isolationism.
d. political conflict and military tensions.
50. President Truman issued the Truman Doctrine in response to
a. Soviet aggression in Poland.
b. pressure by Communists on Turkey and Greece.
c. Churchill’s “Iron Curtain” speech.
d. Stalin’s demands at the Potsdam Conference.
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51. What was one goal of the Marshall Plan?
a. to help the United States buy its way into European affairs
b. to create stable democracies that could resist communism
c. to develop strong trading partners in Asia
d. to force the Soviet Union to allow more emigration
52. Why did the Soviet Union try to force the Allies to abandon West Berlin?
a. to free the city from German hands
b. to close an escape route to the West
c. to strengthen the Warsaw Pact
d. to support West Berlin’s Communist Party
53. Why did a number of nations join to form NATO in 1949?
a. to solve postwar problems as an agency of the United Nations
b. to create an economic alliance against Germany and Japan
c. to protect themselves from possible Soviet aggression
d. to counter the military threat posed by the Warsaw Pact
54. How did Truman react to the USSR’s deployment of an atomic bomb?
a. He gave approval for the U.S. development of an even more powerful bomb.
b. He added three more aircraft carriers to the navy fleet.
c. He declared that another Soviet explosion would be considered an act of war.
d. He arranged for a meeting between NATO and the Warsaw Pact.
55. What did some members of Congress call for after China fell to Mao Zedong’s forces?
a. the atomic bombing of Peking
b. the protection of the rest of Asia
c. a meeting between Truman and Mao
d. a cutoff of foreign aid to China
56. What was one result of the federal government’s hunt for Communists?
a. Immigration from Southern and Central Europe increased.
b. The climate of suspicion in the United States disappeared.
c. Hollywood focused on films dealing with controversial issues.
d. Some people’s civil rights were violated.
57. One major event that led up to the Korean War was
a. World War I.
b. World War II.
c. the Chinese Civil War.
d. the Cold War.
58. Which country controlled Korea for much of the first half of the twentieth century?
a. Germany
b. Italy
c. the United States
d. Japan
59. At the end of World War II, Korea was divided into
a. Southern pro-American government and a Northern pro-Communist government
b. a Southern pro-Fascist government and a Northern pro-Communist government
c. a Southern pro-Communist government and a Northern pro-American government
d. none of the above
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60. Americans thought the invasion by North Korea was initiated by
a. the Chinese.
b. the Soviet Union.
c. Germans.
d. Japan.
61. The United Nations passed a resolution that supported
a. the invasion of South Korea by the North.
b. the invasion of North Korea by the South.
c. efforts to defend South Korea and restore peace.
d. a hands-off policy in both North and South Korea.
62. General MacArthur favored breaking the stalemate in the war by
a. opening a second front by attacking the Chinese mainland.
b. opening a second front by attacking the Soviet Union.
c. backing Jiang Jieshi in an attack on Taiwan.
d. pulling out of Korea altogether.
63. What was the final resolution of the Korean War?
a. The North gained control.
b. The South gained control.
c. The dividing line moved north.
d. The dividing line stayed about the same.
64. Senator Joseph McCarthy’s power faded shortly after he
a. appeared on television in the Army-McCarthy hearings.
b. aired his accusations about former Secretary of State George Marshall.
c. gave a speech to a joint session of Congress.
d. claimed to have a list of 205 known Communists in the State Department.
65. Under President Eisenhower, the United States acted to oppose
a. Truman’s containment policy.
b. French colonialists in Southeast Asia.
c. Soviet influence in the Middle East.
d. the United Fruit Company’s power in Guatemala.
66. When Fidel Castro seized American property in Cuba, Eisenhower
a. refused to sign the Rio Pact.
b. halted exports to Cuba.
c. invaded Cuba.
d. accused Castro of ties to organized crime.
67. Because of its reliance on aircraft to carry nuclear weapons, the United States lagged behind the
Soviet Union in
a. hydrogen bomb testing.
b. spy plane technology.
c. missile development.
d. destroyer and cruiser construction.
68. The policy of making the military power of the United States and its allies so strong that no enemy
would dare attack it for fear of retaliation is known as
a. deterrence.
b. containment.
c. brinkmanship.
d. the Truman Doctrine.
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69. Which event added most to Americans’ shock and fear of attack by the Soviet Union?
a. the U-2 incident
b. Castro’s rise to power in Cuba
c. the Sputnik launch
d. first test of a Soviet atomic bomb
Essay
CRITICAL THINKING
70. Demonstrating Reasoned Judgment How do you think the leaders of the Soviet Union viewed
the formation of the Marshall Plan and NATO? Support your answer.
71. Checking Consistency Explain how United States foreign policy during the Cold War was
consistent in Asia, the Middle East, and Latin America. Give one example from each region.
72. Determining Relevance How were the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan relevant to the
American foreign policy goal of containment?
73. Recognizing Cause and Effect Explain how the contrasting post–World War II goals of the
Soviet Union and the United States led to the Cold War.
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