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Introduction to the
Human Body Systems
C&G A&P
Amanda Dunne
Body Quadrants
Body Cavities
SUPERIOR TO
SAGITTAL
MEDIAN
The midline divides the
body into two halves
Divides the body into
equal/unequal front and
back parts parallel to the
median plane
FRONTAL
PROXIMAL
This divides the body
into equal/unequal front
and back parts
Limbs only, closer to
the root of the limb
DISTAL
TRANSVERSE
This horizontal
plane divides the
body into superior
and inferior parts
Limbs only,
further away
from the root of
the limb.
LATERAL
Further away from
the median plane
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
MEDIAL
Closer to the median plane
INFERIOR TO
Prefixes and Suffixes
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cyte
chond
oscopy
arthro
itis
ectomy
algia
myo
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Cell
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Cartilage
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to look
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joint
•
inflammation
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to remove
painful condition •
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muscle
erythrocyte
chondrocyte
microscope
arthroscopy
arthritis
hysterectomy
myalgia
Myocardium
Other important words
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Neuro = nerves
neurological
Cardio = heart
cardiovascular
Pulmonary = lungs
Renal = kidneys
Epi = outer
epicardium
Endo = inner
endometrium
12 Body Systems
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Skeletal
Muscular
Integumentary
Cardiovascular
Lymphatic
Respiratory
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Nervous
Endocrine
Digestive
Urinary
Reproductive
The Special Senses
Skeletal
• The body’s
framework
• Gives attachment to
muscle by way of
tendons
• Protects vital organs
(thoracic cage,
cranium and
vertebral column)
Muscular
• Provides movement
of the skeletal
structure (skeletal
muscle)
• Provides movement
of fluids or organ
tissue (smooth
muscle)
• Helps the heart to
beat (cardiac
muscle)
Integumentary
• Protects the body
against damage, such
as water loss, abrasion
and UV radiation.
• Also protects internal
organs from knocks
(subcutaneous tissue)
• Contains receptors for
pain, touch and
temperature as well as
sweat (sudoriferous)
glands
Cardiovascular
• Responsible for pumping
blood around the body
• Carries O2 to body cells
and removes waste Co2
• Also transports other
vital components within
the blood plasma, such as
nutrients, hormones,
electrolytes and other
gases.
• It transports waste
products such as uric
acid and lactic acid to
the kidneys where blood
is filtered and waste is
removed.
Lymphatic
• A back up system
for the blood, this
system helps
remove waste from
tissues and
eventually deposits
back into the blood
at the site of the
subclavian veins
• Also part of the
immune response
Respiratory
• Responsible
for ensuring
oxygen is
brought into
the body
and waste
carbon
dioxide is
removed.
Nervous
• The body’s
telecommunication
system
• Transmits signals to the
peripheral nervous system
from the central nervous
system and vice versa
• Also deals with
autonomic nerve function
to keep important
process going without
conscious effort.
Endocrine
• Consists of
hormones that,
along with the
nervous system,
help to maintain
the internal
environment.
• Also controls the
reproductive
system and male
and female
characteristics
Digestive
• Bringing
nutrients and
water into the
body and removal
of wastes.
• It is basically a
long tube with
some accessory
organs that pump
in enzymes to
help break food
down into smaller
particles for
assimilation into
the blood.
Urinary
• Filtration system
for the blood
• Removes urea and
uric acid from cell
metabolism and
lactic acid as
muscle activity
waste, plus other
waste products.
Reproductive
• Systems differ
between male
and female, each
with its own
unique role to
play in human
reproduction
• Governed by
hormones
Special Senses
• Adjunct to
the nervous
system, feeds
back
information
to the brain
about our
external
environment