* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download English Review Sheet Modifiers: you will not be tested on forms of
Lexical semantics wikipedia , lookup
Ukrainian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Sloppy identity wikipedia , lookup
Navajo grammar wikipedia , lookup
English clause syntax wikipedia , lookup
Old English grammar wikipedia , lookup
Modern Greek grammar wikipedia , lookup
Georgian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Old Norse morphology wikipedia , lookup
Kannada grammar wikipedia , lookup
Swedish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Zulu grammar wikipedia , lookup
Lithuanian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Portuguese grammar wikipedia , lookup
Macedonian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Scottish Gaelic grammar wikipedia , lookup
Compound (linguistics) wikipedia , lookup
Comparison (grammar) wikipedia , lookup
Serbo-Croatian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Chinese grammar wikipedia , lookup
Sotho parts of speech wikipedia , lookup
Ancient Greek grammar wikipedia , lookup
Russian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Icelandic grammar wikipedia , lookup
Latin syntax wikipedia , lookup
Esperanto grammar wikipedia , lookup
Vietnamese grammar wikipedia , lookup
Romanian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Modern Hebrew grammar wikipedia , lookup
Yiddish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Japanese grammar wikipedia , lookup
Malay grammar wikipedia , lookup
Italian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Pipil grammar wikipedia , lookup
Spanish grammar wikipedia , lookup
French grammar wikipedia , lookup
English Review Sheet Modifiers: you will not be tested on forms of comparison or double negatives Adjectives Adjectives: modify nouns and pronouns They tell which, how many, and what kind of the noun or pronoun Examples The girl wears a beautiful red cape. The hairy and scary wolf tries to eat her. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Some words that are actually other parts of speech can function as adjectives: Possessive nouns The girl’s cape is red. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Articles The wolf is scary. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Nouns Could you put this back on the book shelf? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Verbs in the 2nd and 4th parts The scared girl ran away. The howling wolf chased after her. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Adverbs Adverbs: modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs Tell how, when, where, and to what extent HOW: The girl sat down slowly. WHEN: I’ll be leaving soon. WHERE: I can’t find my book anywhere. TO WHAT EXTENT: I am rather excited about this lesson. When an adverb modifies a verb: When an adverb modifies an adjective: She was very sad after reading the book. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ When an adverb modifies another adverb: My grandmother sat down quite slowly. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ When an adverb modifies a verb: I spent the whole day reading the book carefully. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Punctuation Commas Use commas to: Separate items in a series (three or more related words, phrases, or clauses) Ex: ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Separate two or more adjectives that come before a noun Ex: ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Separate long, independent clauses in a sentence Ex: ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Set off words, phrases, and clauses that come at the beginning of a sentence Ex: ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Separate interrupters from the rest of the sentence Ex: ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Separate nouns of direct address from the rest of the sentence Ex: ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Create an appositive phrase Ex: ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Quotation Marks Direct Quote: write speaker’s exact words QUOTATION MARKS NEEDED (as well as other punctuation) Example: First Romeo said, “But soft, what light through yonder window breaks?” and then Juliet was all, “What’s in a name?” Indirect quote: tells what speaker said without using the exact words QUOTATION MARKS NOT NEEDED Example: Romeo said that Juliet was a great source of light and Juliet asked if a name actually means anything. Place comma after introduction and begin quote with a capital letter Romeo asked, “But soft, what light through yonder window breaks?” “But soft, what light through yonder window breaks?” asked Romeo. Question marks and exclamation points that belong to the quote are placed inside the quotation marks Juliet asked, “What’s in a name?” Did Juliet say, “A rose would still smell as sweet”? Periods and commas belong inside the quotation marks Friar L said, “These violent delights have violent ends.” Friar L said, “These violent delights have violent ends,” and then he performed the marriage for Romeo and Juliet. Direct quotes can be divided into two parts with correct punctuation The first letter of the second part of the quote is not capitalized if it’s all in one sentence “A plague,” cried Mercutio, “on both your houses!” If the quote is broken up into two sentences, then the first letter of the second part is capitalized “A plague on both your houses!” cried Mercutio. “Tomorrow you shall find me a grave man.” Place a comma after the first part “A plague,” cried Mercutio, “on both your houses!” “The two houses,” stated the Chorus, “are both alike in dignity.” Titles of short works always go in quotation marks Short Story: “The Ransom of Red Chief” (O. Henry) Poem: “Nothing Gold Can Stay” (Robert Frost) Chapter of a Book: “My Name” (Sandra Cisneros) Magazine Article: “How to Read Shakespeare” Song: “Awake My Soul” (Mumford & Sons On the contrary, titles of long words go in italics if typed or underlined if handwritten Book: A Day No Pigs Would Die (Robert Peck) Magazine: People Newspaper: The Maycomb Tribune Play: The Crucible (Arthur Miller) Movie: Romeo and Juliet (Baz Luhrmann) TV Series: Pretty Little Liars Painting: Mona Lisa (da Vinci) Musical Works (album titles): Babel (Mumford & Sons) Colons Uses: After the greeting in a business letter Dear Sir: Writing the time 10:05 Before a list of items (especially if you have the word ‘following’ or ‘these’) Bring the following to school: pencil, pen, iPad, and brain. Example: _____________________________________________________________________________________ **Do NOT use a colon after a preposition or verb Semicolons Uses Take the place of a coordinating conj. to join two related clauses (compound sentence) Ex: ____________________________________________________________________________________________ To join two related clauses especially if there is a conjunction such as ‘however’ or ‘therefore’ starting the second clause Ex: ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Apostrophes Uses Show possession St. Mary’s Elementary School Romeo’s poison _________________________________________________________________________________________________ Form contractions I didn’t do the homework and don’t plan on it _________________________________________________________________________________________________ Form plurals of letters, numbers, and symbols So many of the answers on the math test were 4’s. A lot of you got 3’s on the ELA test _________________________________________________________________________________________________ Form plurals of words used as the names of words I don’t want to hear any if’s, and’s, or but’s. _________________________________________________________________________________________________ Hyphens Uses: Write compound numbers Twenty-two _________________________________________________________________________________________________ Expressing an adjective in two or more words Long-awaited _________________________________________________________________________________________________ Write some compound nouns Sister-in-law _________________________________________________________________________________________________ Dashes Uses: Set off a sudden change of thought or an afterthought To tell you the truth – it’ll help you I love watching thunderstorms – especially ones with lots of heavy rain _________________________________________________________________________________________________ Express “namely” or “in other words” The meeting – the one with the other teachers – lasted all afternoon I didn’t like that cake – it was really terrible. _________________________________________________________________________________________________ Parentheses Uses Indicate an interrupted thought with information that isn’t necessary to understanding the sentence _________________________________________________________________________________________________ Enclose extra information Shakespeare (1564-1616) was an excellent playwright. My brother (the tall one in blue) just scored a goal. _________________________________________________________________________________________________ Vocabulary Romeo and Juliet Abhor (verb): to loathe; detest; strongly hate synonym: ___________________________________ sentence: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Adversary (noun): an opponent; enemy; foe synonym: ___________________________________ sentence: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Amorous (adjective): loving; pertaining to love synonym: ___________________________________ sentence: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Array (noun): a large and impressive grouping of items synonym: ___________________________________ sentence: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Banish (verb): to condemn to exile synonym: ___________________________________ sentence: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Calamity (noun): a great misfortune or disaster synonym: ___________________________________ sentence: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Dispose (of) (verb): to get rid of (can mean to kill) synonym: ___________________________________ sentence: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Disposition (noun): characteristic attitude; inclination or tendency synonym: ___________________________________ sentence: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Distraught (adjective): deeply distracted and agitated synonym: ___________________________________ sentence: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Fester (verb): to rot (literally or metaphorically) synonym: ___________________________________ sentence: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Pernicious (adjective): deadly, wicked synonym: ___________________________________ sentence: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Unsavory (adjective): unpleasant; unappealing; disagreeable synonym: ___________________________________ sentence: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Valiant (adjective): courageous; brave synonym: ___________________________________ sentence: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Vile (adjective): wretchedly bad; repulsive or disgusting synonym: ___________________________________ sentence: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Quarrel (noun): angry dispute or altercation; disagreement marked by a temporary or permanent break in friendly relations (verb): to disagree angrily; to make a complaint; to find fault synonym: ___________________________________ sentence: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ synonym: ___________________________________ sentence: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________