Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Unilineal evolution wikipedia , lookup
Sexual selection wikipedia , lookup
Hologenome theory of evolution wikipedia , lookup
Natural selection wikipedia , lookup
Theistic evolution wikipedia , lookup
Saltation (biology) wikipedia , lookup
Transitional fossil wikipedia , lookup
On the Origin of Species wikipedia , lookup
Ch. 15 Darwin’s Theory of Evolution (pg.368) 15-1 The Puzzle of Life’s Diversity Evolution – Based on: Theory - A. Voyage of the Beagle Charles Darwin (b. 1809) From 1831 - 1836: His travels: Made numerous: Went ashore and collected: At sea: B. Darwin’s Observations He saw tremendous ___________________________ 1. Patterns of Diversity Observed that: Organisms have many ways of: Puzzled by differeneces: 2. Living Organisms and Fossils fossils – Darwin found fossil evidence that: 3. The Galapagos Islands Located: Islands had very different climates: Lowest islands: Higher islands: Fascinated by the animals: C. The Journey Home – Thought about findings Birds from different islands: Tortoises from different islands: Darwin observed: After returning to England: 15-2 Ideas That Shaped Darwin’s Thinking Most Europeans in Darwin’s day believed that: By the time Darwin left on his voyage: A. An Ancient, Changing Earth 1. James Hutton (1795) – Geologist who published a detailed hypothesis about: Proposed that: Resulting rocks, mountains and valley are shaped by: These geologic processes occur: Hutton proposed that the Earth had to be older than: 2. Charles Lyell (1833) – Principles of Geology Stressed that scientists must explain past events in terms of: Processes that shaped Earth millions of year ago _______________________ Such as: Understanding of geology influenced Darwin in 2 ways: 1) 2) B. Lamarck’s Evolution Hypotheses Lamarck (1809) proposed: Tendency Toward Perfection: Use and Disuse: Inheritance of Acquired Traits: Evaluating Lamarck’s Hypotheses - August Weismann - C. Population Growth Thomas Malthus (1798) Noted that: Reasoned that: Only forces that worked against this growth were: Darwin realized that this reasoning applied even more to plants and animals: 15-3 Darwin Presents His Case When Darwin returned to England in 1836: Brought back: Notebooks about: Found out: Continued to consult with: A. Publication of On the Origin of Species (1859) Alfred Russel Wallace (1858) Later that year: 1859 – Darwin published On The Origin of Species He proposed: Presented evidence that: B. Inherited Variation and Artificial Selection One of Darwin’s most important insights was: Based on observations during his travels and conversations with breeders: Darwin noted that breeders use: Artificial selection – C. Evolution by Natural Selection 1. The Struggle for Existence – Due to: 2. Survival of the Fittest – key facto in struggle for existence was _____________ _____________ an organism is to its environment. fitness – Fitness is a result of: adaptation – adaptations can be: Leads to: survival of the fittest – natural selection – Over time: 3. Descent with Modification - Darwin proposed that over long periods of time: As a result: Descent with modification implies that: Common descent – D. Evidence of Evolution 1. The Fossil Record Darwin and others knew: By comparing fossils from: Since Darwin’s time: 2. Geographic Distribution of Living Species Darwin studied the different finches from the Galapagos: Darwin found entirely different animals on S. America and Australia: 3. Homologous Body Structures homologous structures – Ex. Provides strong evidence that: vestigial organs – ex. 4. Similarities in Embryology Hox genes - 5. Similarities in Biochemistry (NOT __________________________________) E. Summary of Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection (pg. 386) Variation Overproduction Struggle for Existence Survival of the Fittest Leads to: Natural Selection May lead to: Speciation – Descent with Modification F. Strengths and Weaknesses of Evolutionary Theory