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Islam and Judaism Unit 3: Exploring Monotheistic Religions of the World Curriculum Objectives G.O. 1: To explore an overview of world religions. A1: How can we better understand other world religions? S.O. 1.1: To gain a better understanding of other religions a) Judaism c) Islam A2: How can we be more accepting of others? S.O. 1.2: To become more accepting of others. 4/29/2017 2 God Adam & Eve Cain Abel Seth Noah Hagar Ishmael 4/29/2017 Shem Japheth Ham Abraham & Sarah Isaac Jacob & Rachel 3 Explain how Muhammad received his first revelation. Muhammad was born 570 CE in Mecca, located in present day Saudi Arabia. The angel Gabriel appeared to him as he was praying in a cave in 610 CE. Muhammad memorized the revelations that he received. Abu Bakr, a friend of Muhammad, collected the revelations and compiled them into what is known as the Qur’an (Koran), the sacred scriptures of Islam. 4/29/2017 4 Name the seven major beliefs of Islam by their three categories. Oneness of God Prophethood I believe in Allah I believe in the fact that everything good and bad, is decided by Allah His angels His books His messengers Judgment and Eternity 4/29/2017 I believe in the last day I believe in life after death 5 Name and explain each of the Five Pillars of Islam. 1. Profession of Faith Reciting “There is no god but Allah and Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.” This is the most important of the Five Pillars A convert to Islam recites these words as a statement of belief. This public declaration of faith defines a person as a member of the Islamic community 4/29/2017 6 Name and explain each of the Five Pillars of Islam. 2. Prayer Submitting to Allah is at the heart of Islam. The Qur’an commands Muslims to pray at fixed times during the day. Muslims ritually pray 5 times per day. - between dawn and sunrise - after mid-day - between late afternoon and sunset - between sunset and the end of daylight - night, until dawn 4/29/2017 7 Name and explain each of the Five Pillars of Islam. 3. Almsgiving Muslims are obligated to give 21/2% of one’s savings as alms to the needy as an act of worship. 4/29/2017 8 Name and explain each of the Five Pillars of Islam. 4. Fasting Muslims fast from food, drink, and sexual intercourse during the ninth month of the year, Ramadan, the month Muhammad first received his revelations from Allah. The fasting from food, water, or any liquids takes place from sunrise to sunset. 4/29/2017 9 Name and explain each of the Five Pillars of Islam. 5. Pilgrimage The hajj is another name of a pilgrimage to the Ka’bah in Mecca, Saudi Arabia where Abraham submitted to the will of Allah. The hajj is compulsory once in a lifetime, though finances or illness may keep one from this pilgrimage. 4/29/2017 10 Why is the Qur'an the most sacred writing for Muslims? Muslims believe that the Qur’an is the revealed word of Allah and is considered to be infallible. Muslims acknowledge the revealed writings of Judaism and Christianity but suggest that they have become corrupted by human error. 4/29/2017 11 How does one become a Muslim? There is no long process in becoming Muslim. To be considered a member one merely has to submit to the will of Allah. One demonstrates this submission through practicing the duties of a Muslim, that is, the Five Pillars of Islam. A ritual cleansing and a proclamation of the Shahadah before two witnesses is sufficient. 4/29/2017 12 What is the main reason the western world views Muslim women as oppressed? Muhammad raised the status of women in Arabia They were no longer simply possessions Abolished female infanticide Financial independence More rights regarding marriage and divorce Choosing to wear traditional Islamic clothing, Muslim women fight the stereotype that they are “oppressed.” 4/29/2017 13 Define Mosque Mosque literally translates to “a place of prostration” It is the building of public worship for Muslims The main purpose of a mosque is pray which can be either communal or private 4/29/2017 14 How did Mecca become a holy place for Muslims? Mecca is the birthplace of Muhammad It is Mecca that Muslims believe is the centre of Islam It is toward the Ka’bah that Muslims face when they pray 5 times per day 4/29/2017 15 Why are Medina and Jerusalem also holy cities for Muslims? Medina Muhammad fled to Medina when he faced opposition to his preaching in Mecca Many people followed Muhammed from Mecca to Medina Muhammad was buried in Medina Jerusalem 4/29/2017 Muslims believe that Muhammad made his “night visit” to this holy city It is at this site that Muhammad reportedly visited with Abraham, Moses, and Jesus 16 Explain the differences between the Jewish calendar; the Christian Calendar; and the Islamic Calendar The Islamic and Jewish calendars are based on Lunar months The Christian calendar is based the solar calendar The lunar calendar is 354 days and the solar calendar is 365 days Jews adjust their calendar so that Passover always takes place in the spring 4/29/2017 17 What is Ramadan? How is it observed? Ramadan is the name for the 12th Islamic month, the month in which Muhammad received the first revelation from God. All healthy Muslims are to fast during daylight hours. Eid al-Fitr marks the end of Ramadan, occurring on the first new moon twenty-nine or thirty days after the start of the month. Families come together for a festive meal 4/29/2017 18 Judaism 4/29/2017 19 Hagar Ishmael Rueben Simeon Levi Judah 4/29/2017 Moses God Adam & Eve Cain Abel Seth Noah Shem Japheth Ham Abraham & Sarah Isaac & Rebekah Esau & Jacob Leah Bilhah Rachel Zilpah Dan Naphtali Gad Asher Issachar Zebulan Joseph Benjamin Dinah 20 What did the Hebrews become in the forty years it took to return to Canaan from Egypt? In the forty years they took to return to Canaan, The Hebrew people became a covenantal community, owing their allegiance to one God. 4/29/2017 21 What do Jews believe about God? God exists, God is one, God is creator, and God is good. 4/29/2017 22 What do Christians understand the Torah to be? Christians understand the Torah to be the first 5 books of the Bible – Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy. The Jews believe the Torah to be God’s revelation to the people that God gave to the Jews through Moses on Mt. Sinai. 4/29/2017 23 What does it mean to say that Jews are God’s Chosen People? • To say Jews are God’s Chosen People means that they are holy or separate. 4/29/2017 24 What does the word “synagogue” mean? A synagogue is the place where Jews would pray to God communally. The word synagogue means “place of assembly outside one’s homeland.” 4/29/2017 25 What takes place in a synagogue? The synagogue is a place for prayer, for studying Torah, and for socializing. 4/29/2017 26 What makes a home kosher? A home is kosher by getting rid of all that is not “proper”. 4/29/2017 27 Cite the similarities between Rosh Hashanah and Pesach Rosh Hashanah and Pesach are similar that they are both memorials of creation. Rosh Hashanah memorializes the creation of the world while Pesach memorializes the creation of the Jews as a people. 4/29/2017 28 Other Sacred Days Rosh Hashanah is the first day of the Jewish New Year while Yom Kippur is the “Day of Atonement.” Rosh Hashanah is the first day of a ten-day penitential period while Yom Kippur is the last day of that period. During these “days of awe” Jews turn back to the proper way of living. 4/29/2017 29 Hanukkah Hanukkah is a lesser Jewish festival, lasting eight days and commemorates the rededication of the Temple in 165 BC by the Maccabees after its desecration by the Syrians. It is marked by the successive kindling of eight lights. It is celebrated with a series of rituals that are performed every day throughout the 8-day holiday, some are family-based and others communal. Many families exchange small gifts each night, such as books or games. Fried foods (such as latke (potato pancakes) or sufganiyot (jelly doughnut)) are eaten to commemorate the importance of oil during the celebration of Hanukkah. 4/29/2017 30 How do Jews mark major times in the life cycle: birth, coming of age, marriage, and death? Life cycle celebrations focus on transitional moments in their personal lives. BIRTH: For boys, they are circumcised. For girls, they have a naming ceremony COMING OF AGE: There is the bar mitzvah for boys and the bat mitzvah for girls. MARRIAGE: There are 3 major elements of the marriage ritual. These include the hupah, the blessings and the breaking of the glass. DEATH: For Jews funerals take place as soon as possible, often within 24 hours of the death. At the burial, blessings are made, prayers are said and psalms are read aloud. 4/29/2017 31