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Islam and Judaism
Unit 3: Exploring Monotheistic
Religions of the World
Curriculum Objectives
G.O. 1: To explore an overview of world religions.
 A1: How can we better understand other world
religions?
S.O. 1.1: To gain a better understanding of
other religions
a) Judaism c) Islam
 A2: How can we be more accepting of others?
S.O. 1.2: To become more accepting of others.
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God
Adam & Eve
Cain Abel
Seth
Noah
Hagar
Ishmael
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Shem
Japheth Ham
Abraham & Sarah
Isaac
Jacob & Rachel
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Explain how Muhammad received his
first revelation.
Muhammad was born 570 CE in Mecca, located
in present day Saudi Arabia.
 The angel Gabriel appeared to him as he was
praying in a cave in 610 CE.
 Muhammad memorized the revelations that he
received.
 Abu Bakr, a friend of Muhammad, collected the
revelations and compiled them into what is
known as the Qur’an (Koran), the sacred
scriptures of Islam.

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Name the seven major beliefs of
Islam by their three categories.

Oneness of God


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Prophethood

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I believe in Allah
I believe in the fact that everything good and bad, is
decided by Allah
His angels
His books
His messengers
Judgment and Eternity


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I believe in the last day
I believe in life after death
5
Name and explain each of the Five
Pillars of Islam.
1. Profession of Faith
Reciting “There is no god but Allah and
Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.” This
is the most important of the Five Pillars
A convert to Islam recites these words as a
statement of belief. This public declaration
of faith defines a person as a member of the
Islamic community
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Name and explain each of the Five
Pillars of Islam.
2. Prayer
Submitting to Allah is at the heart of Islam. The
Qur’an commands Muslims to pray at fixed times
during the day. Muslims ritually pray 5 times per
day.
- between dawn and sunrise
- after mid-day
- between late afternoon and sunset
- between sunset and the end of daylight
- night, until dawn
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Name and explain each of the Five
Pillars of Islam.
3. Almsgiving
Muslims are obligated to give 21/2% of
one’s savings as alms to the needy as an
act of worship.
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Name and explain each of the Five
Pillars of Islam.
4. Fasting
Muslims fast from food, drink, and sexual
intercourse during the ninth month of the
year, Ramadan, the month Muhammad
first received his revelations from Allah.
The fasting from food, water, or any
liquids takes place from sunrise to sunset.
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Name and explain each of the Five
Pillars of Islam.
5. Pilgrimage
The hajj is another name of a pilgrimage
to the Ka’bah in Mecca, Saudi Arabia
where Abraham submitted to the will of
Allah.
The hajj is compulsory once in a lifetime,
though finances or illness may keep one
from this pilgrimage.
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Why is the Qur'an the most sacred
writing for Muslims?
Muslims believe that the Qur’an is the
revealed word of Allah and is considered
to be infallible.
 Muslims acknowledge the revealed
writings of Judaism and Christianity but
suggest that they have become corrupted
by human error.

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How does one become a Muslim?
There is no long process in becoming
Muslim. To be considered a member one
merely has to submit to the will of Allah.
 One demonstrates this submission through
practicing the duties of a Muslim, that is,
the Five Pillars of Islam.
 A ritual cleansing and a proclamation of
the Shahadah before two witnesses is
sufficient.

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What is the main reason the western
world views Muslim women as
oppressed?






Muhammad raised the status
of women in Arabia
They were no longer simply
possessions
Abolished female infanticide
Financial independence
More rights regarding marriage
and divorce
Choosing to wear traditional
Islamic clothing, Muslim
women fight the stereotype
that they are “oppressed.”
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Define Mosque
Mosque literally translates to “a place of
prostration”
 It is the building of public worship for
Muslims
 The main purpose of a mosque is pray
which can be either communal or private

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How did Mecca become a holy place
for Muslims?
Mecca is the
birthplace of
Muhammad
 It is Mecca that
Muslims believe is the
centre of Islam
 It is toward the
Ka’bah that Muslims
face when they pray 5
times per day

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Why are Medina and Jerusalem also
holy cities for Muslims?

Medina
Muhammad fled to Medina when he faced opposition
to his preaching in Mecca
 Many people followed Muhammed from Mecca to
Medina
 Muhammad was buried in Medina


Jerusalem


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Muslims believe that Muhammad made his “night
visit” to this holy city
It is at this site that Muhammad reportedly visited
with Abraham, Moses, and Jesus
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Explain the differences between the
Jewish calendar; the Christian
Calendar; and the Islamic Calendar
The Islamic and Jewish calendars are
based on Lunar months
 The Christian calendar is based the solar
calendar
 The lunar calendar is 354 days and the
solar calendar is 365 days
 Jews adjust their calendar so that
Passover always takes place in the spring

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What is Ramadan? How is it
observed?
Ramadan is the name for the 12th Islamic
month, the month in which Muhammad received
the first revelation from God.
 All healthy Muslims are to fast during daylight
hours.
 Eid al-Fitr marks the end of Ramadan, occurring
on the first new moon twenty-nine or thirty days
after the start of the month.
 Families come together for a festive meal

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Judaism
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Hagar
Ishmael
Rueben Simeon Levi Judah
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Moses
God
Adam & Eve
Cain Abel
Seth
Noah
Shem
Japheth Ham
Abraham & Sarah
Isaac & Rebekah
Esau & Jacob
Leah
Bilhah
Rachel
Zilpah
Dan Naphtali Gad Asher Issachar Zebulan Joseph Benjamin
Dinah
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What did the Hebrews become in the
forty years it took to return to
Canaan from Egypt?

In the forty years they took to return to
Canaan, The Hebrew people became a
covenantal community, owing their
allegiance to one God.
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What do Jews believe about God?

God exists, God is one, God is creator, and
God is good.
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What do Christians understand the
Torah to be?
Christians understand the Torah to be the
first 5 books of the Bible – Genesis,
Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and
Deuteronomy.
 The Jews believe the Torah to be God’s
revelation to the people that God gave to
the Jews through Moses on Mt. Sinai.

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What does it mean to say that Jews
are God’s Chosen People?
• To say Jews are God’s Chosen People
means that they are holy or separate.
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What does the word “synagogue”
mean?

A synagogue is the place where Jews
would pray to God communally. The word
synagogue means “place of assembly
outside one’s homeland.”
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What takes place in a synagogue?

The synagogue is a place for prayer, for
studying Torah, and for socializing.
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What makes a home kosher?

A home is kosher by getting rid of all that
is not “proper”.
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Cite the similarities between Rosh
Hashanah and Pesach

Rosh Hashanah and Pesach are similar
that they are both memorials of creation.
Rosh Hashanah memorializes the creation
of the world while Pesach memorializes
the creation of the Jews as a people.
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Other Sacred Days

Rosh Hashanah is the first day of the
Jewish New Year while Yom Kippur is the
“Day of Atonement.” Rosh Hashanah is
the first day of a ten-day penitential
period while Yom Kippur is the last day of
that period. During these “days of awe”
Jews turn back to the proper way of living.
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Hanukkah
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Hanukkah is a lesser Jewish festival, lasting eight days
and commemorates the rededication of the Temple in
165 BC by the Maccabees after its desecration by the
Syrians. It is marked by the successive kindling of eight
lights.
It is celebrated with a series of rituals that are
performed every day throughout the 8-day holiday,
some are family-based and others communal.
Many families exchange small gifts each night, such as
books or games. Fried foods (such as latke (potato
pancakes) or sufganiyot (jelly doughnut)) are eaten to
commemorate the importance of oil during the
celebration of Hanukkah.
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How do Jews mark major times in
the life cycle: birth, coming of age,
marriage, and death?
Life cycle celebrations focus on transitional moments in their
personal lives.
 BIRTH: For boys, they are circumcised. For girls, they have
a naming ceremony
 COMING OF AGE: There is the bar mitzvah for boys and the
bat mitzvah for girls.
 MARRIAGE: There are 3 major elements of the marriage
ritual. These include the hupah, the blessings and the
breaking of the glass.
 DEATH: For Jews funerals take place as soon as possible,
often within 24 hours of the death. At the burial, blessings
are made, prayers are said and psalms are read aloud.
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