Download EOG Review Human Body and Genetics SI

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Generation Date: 11/19/2013
Generated By: Christiana Coburn
Living Systems
1. Select the choice that best completes the following sentence:
The _______ system breaks down the food we eat, while the _______ system transports the tiny
food particles to each cell in the body.
A. circulatory; digestive
B. digestive; respiratory
C. digestive; circulatory
D. muscular; circulatory
Heredity
2. How is a plant most likely to be different from its parents?
A. It will grow best in a different season.
B. The shape of its leaves will be different.
C. It will grow in a different place.
D. It will make a different kind of fruit.
Heredity
3.
Which plant is this plant's parent?
W.
X.
Y.
Z.
A. W
B. Z
C. X
D. Y
Heredity
4. The ____________ of a horse is an inherited trait.
A. name
B. owner
C. location
D. height
Living Systems
5. The stomach and intestines are organs of the body system which _______.
A. stores wastes
B. digests food
C. processes information
D. pumps blood
Heredity
6. Where do inherited characteristics come from?
A. choices people make
B. parents
C. the store
D. what people eat
Living Systems
7. The _______ system keeps track of when it is time for the digestive system to move food from
the stomach to the intestines.
A. skeletal
B. circulatory
C. respiratory
D. nervous
Living Systems
8. The picture below shows the stomach and intestines, which are inside the body.
The stomach and intestines allow a person to grow and survive by helping the body
respond to signals from the skin.
A.
B.
C.
get air from food.
get energy out of food.
D.
change the temperature of the air.
Living Systems
9. The purpose of the digestive system is to
A.
B.
C.
D.
take in oxygen and excrete carbon dioxide.
circulate blood to all the cells of the body.
break food down into useful nutrients.
allow an animal to move by supporting its muscles.
Living Systems
10. The picture below shows the muscles in a person's arm as the person pulls the lower arm
toward the upper arm.
What is the function of these muscles?
The muscles transport nutrients and water to the bones to keep them strong and healthy.
A.
B.
C.
D.
The muscles are attached to the bones and are able to relax and contract to cause movement.
The muscles send messages to the brain and the brain tells the arm bones to move.
The muscles are wrapped around the bones and protect the bones from being harmed.
Living Systems
11. The human body consists of four main types of tissue. These tissues are described in the
chart below.
Human Body Tissues & their Functions
Tissue
Characteristics of Cells that Make up the
Tissue
Main Functions
nervous
long, thin, able to connect end-to-end
send and receive nerve signals
epithelial
clumps of cells that vary in shape and size
covers surface of body cavities,
helps with secretion
muscle
long, thin, able to lengthen and shorten
movement
connective can be different sizes and shapes, may be attached support and protection
or may be able to move around
Which of the following statements is true of the cells in these tissues?
A. None of these statements are true.
B. They have different sizes and shapes.
C. They perform the same functions.
D. They are all the same size and shape.
Living Systems
12. A very complex organism, such as a human, is likely a _______ organism.
A. two-celled
B. any of these
C. single-celled
D. multi-celled
Living Systems
13. Single-celled organisms must be able to
A.
perform no functions with any of their cells.
B.
specialize their cells to each perform a specific function.
C.
D.
perform all necessary functions with only one cell.
choose only one function to perform with their one cell.
Living Systems
14. Helping the body breathe is a major function of the _______ system.
A. circulatory
B. respiratory
C. skeletal
D. muscular
Living Systems
15.
Which system of the human body is shown in the diagram above?
A. immune
B. digestive
C. reproductive
D. circulatory
Living Systems
16. Why is the shape and size of a cell important to its function?
A.
The shape and size of a cell help the cell perform a specific function.
B.
C.
D.
The shape and size of a cell help the cell live longer.
The shape and size of a cell depend on the number of organelles it has.
The shape and size of a cell help the cell grow larger.
Heredity
17. Joel has a pet cockatoo. The cockatoo has white feathers covering most of its body and a
yellow crest on its head. Its beak is black and slightly curved.
Joel has taught his cockatoo how to speak a few words in English. The cockatoo can also open
the door to its cage by moving the lock up and down.
The color of the cockatoo's feathers is a(n) _______ characteristic. The cockatoo unlocking its
cage door is a(n) _______ characteristic.
A. learned; inherited
B. inherited; inherited
C. learned; learned
D. inherited; learned
Heredity
18. Greg was growing an unusual orange daisy in his garden. He carefully saved the seeds to
plant next summer. What color might he expect the daisies from these seeds to be?
A. purple
B. red
C. orange
D. blue
Heredity
19.
Mike is 8 years old. He has short black hair and brown eyes. He enjoys playing guitar and his
favorite color is orange.
Mike's _______ is an inherited characteristic that was passed to him from his parents.
A. favorite activity
B. eye color
C. favorite color
D. hair length
Living Systems
20. Which of the following is an organ in the respiratory system?
A. bladder
B. stomach
C. lung
D. intestine
Heredity
21.
Why does the baby zebra look very similar to its parents?
Offspring need to learn how to change their appearance.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Information is passed from parents to their offspring.
It is unusual for offspring to look like their parents.
Most offspring choose to look like their parents.
Heredity
22. A zebra is shown in the picture below.
This zebra lives in the African savannah. It is three years old and is part of a large herd of other
zebras.
An inherited characteristic of the zebra is
A. that it is three years old.
B. that it is part of a large herd of other zebras.
C. the pattern of its stripes.
D. the length of time it has lived in Africa.
Heredity
23. Look at the picture of the polar bears below.
Which observation supports the idea that information is passed down from parents to their
offspring?
The baby bears are smaller than the mother.
A.
B.
The baby bears run faster than the mother.
C.
D.
There are two babies and only one parent.
The baby bears look very similar to the mother.
Living Systems
24. Why do complex multi-celled organisms need specialized cells?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Specialization slows down most body processes.
Specialization requires more energy than one cell performing all functions.
Multi-celled organisms don't need specialized cells.
Without specialized cells, multi-celled organisms couldn't perform tasks fast enough.
Heredity
25. Jan plants several shrubs in her garden that she clips into different shapes.
Which of the following is an inherited characteristic of the shrub shown above?
A. The leaves of the shrub are green.
B. The shrub is located in Jan's garden.
C. The shrub is growing near a large tree.
D. The shrub is shaped like a cow.
Living Systems
26. Which body system provides the rigid structure that protects our internal organs and allows
us to stand?
A. skeletal system
B. muscular system
C. reproductive system
D. nervous system
Heredity
27. Look at the picture of the frog and her baby below.
How are the frog and her baby different?
A. The mother has webbed feet, while the baby does not.
B. The mother has spots, while the baby lacks spots.
C. The mother is a frog, and the baby is a toad.
D. The mother is green, but the baby is brown.
Living Systems
28. One of the systems of the human body is the circulatory system. The circulatory system is
responsible for moving blood, oxygen, and nutrients throughout the body.
Which of the following is an organ in the circulatory system?
A. mouth
B. brain
C. heart
D. stomach
Living Systems
29. Which of the following best describes a major function of the muscular system?
A.
B.
C.
D.
transporting nutrients to other parts of the body
working with the bones to allow movement
breaking down nutrients into smaller pieces
working with the brain to transfer information
Heredity
30. Mark's favorite color is purple. This is a(n) _______ characteristic of Mark's, because he got
it by making a choice.
A. chemical
B. survival
C. learned
D. inherited
Heredity
31. Gina has a plant in a pot in her bedroom. The plant has pink flower petals and long green
leaves. Gina waters the plant every day and makes sure that it gets plenty of sunlight.
An inherited characteristic of Gina's plant is
A. the location of the plant in Gina's bedroom.
B. the color of the pot that the plant grows in.
C. the color of the plant's flower petals.
D. the amount of water that the plant gets daily.
Heredity
32. Tania plants pink and yellow tulips in her garden. She waters the tulips every day and makes
sure that they get plenty of sunlight.
Which of the following is an inherited characteristic of the tulips in Tania's garden?
A. the flower color of the tulips
B. the amount of sunlight the tulips receive
C. the location of the tulips in Tania's garden
D. the amount of water the tulips receive
Heredity
33. A plant and its offspring are shown below.
If both plants are fully grown, in what ways are they different?
A. plant color and root length
B. plant color and leaf shape
C. plant height and leaf shape
D. plant height and root length
Heredity
34. A plant will look like its
A. environment.
B. seeds.
C. food.
D. parents.
Heredity
35. A rose is shown below.
Which of the following is an inherited characteristic of the rose?
A. the color of the rose's petals
B. the presence of thorns on the rose's stem
C. the shape of the rose's petals
D. all of these
Heredity
36. A baby giraffe was born three months ago.
How are the giraffe and her baby alike?
A. leg length
B. height
C. body shape
D. number of spots
Living Systems
37. The purpose of the skeletal system is
A.
to pump blood from the heart to the rest of the body.
B.
to send messages from the brain to the rest of the body.
C.
D.
to provide a rigid structure to protect the internal organs.
to take in oxygen and excrete carbon dioxide as waste.
Heredity
38. Some human characteristics are inherited, but others are learned.
Which of the following is most likely to be an inherited characteristic of the woman in the
picture?
A. a white shirt
B. pierced ears
C. brown hair
D. a tattoo
Heredity
39.
Kayla is 6 years old. She has long, straight brown hair and brown eyes. Her favorite color is pink
and she loves to play baseball.
Which of the following lists includes only characteristics that Kayla inherited from her parents?
W.
X.
Y.
Z.
A. Z
B. X
C. Y
D. W
Heredity
40. Two white cats have four kittens with white fur. The kittens have the same color fur as the
parents because
A. the kittens were all born at the same time.
B. all kittens have white fur when they are born.
C. the cats and the kittens live in the same environment.
D. the trait for white fur was inherited by the kittens.
Heredity
41. Katie and her family walk to a nearby pond every week to feed the local ducks. The ducks
have feathers, webbed feet, and flat bills. When Katie and her family arrive at the pond, the
ducks swim to the side of the pond and wait to be fed.
A learned characteristic of the ducks in this pond is that
A. they have feathers to keep them warm.
B. they have flat bills that help them pick up food in the water.
C. they have webbed feet that help them swim through the water.
D. they swim toward humans and wait to be fed.
Living Systems
42. Many organisms have specialized cells, such as muscle cells, skin cells, and bone cells.
Which statement about the different types of cells is true?
Different types of cells all are similar shapes and sizes.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Different types of cells cooperate to keep the organism alive.
Different types of cells look different, but they all do the same job.
Different types of cells do not need each other in order to survive.
Living Systems
43. One important organ of the circulatory system is the heart. The heart's job is to
A.
B.
C.
D.
pump blood to other parts of the body.
break down food into tiny particles.
send and receive messages from the brain.
help move bones so that organisms can walk.
Heredity
44. Elizabeth is eight years old. She has long, brown hair and brown eyes. Her favorite color is
green and she loves to help her mother in the garden.
A characteristic that Elizabeth inherited from her parents is
A. her love of gardening.
B. her favorite color.
C. her age.
D. her eye color.
Heredity
45.
This rose plant has white flowers. What color flowers will the offspring of this plant likely have?
A. red
B. white
C. orange
D. yellow
Heredity
46. Some human characteristics are inherited, but others are learned.
What is one learned characteristic of the boy in the picture?
A. black hair
B. brown skin
C. brown eyes
D. bright clothing
Living Systems
47. All organisms are made up of cells. Organisms can have
A. only one cell each.
B. 200-300 cells each.
C. either many cells or no cells.
D. one cell or many cells.
Living Systems
48. Anna is observing a sample of pond water with a microscope. She sees the following two
organisms in the sample.
Anna's teacher tells her that the paramecium is a single-celled organism, whereas the fairy
shrimp is a multi-celled organism.
Which of the following is a difference between single-celled and multi-celled organisms?
Multi-celled organisms are more complex than single-celled organisms.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Multi-celled organisms need food to survive, but single-celled organisms do not.
Single-celled organisms need food to survive, but multi-celled organisms do not.
Single-celled organisms are more complex than multi-celled organisms.
Living Systems
49. Select the choice that best completes the following sentence:
The _______ and _______ systems work together to allow us to walk, run, lift objects, and move
around.
A. reproductive; skeletal
B. immune; reproductive
C. digestive; immune
D. muscular; skeletal
Heredity
50. A scientist is observing black bears in a national park. One black bear that he observes is one
year old, weighs 85 pounds, and is 3.5 feet in length. This black bear often looks in trash cans
around the park for food that has been thrown away.
Which of the following characteristics has the black bear learned from its environment?
A. The black bear weighs 85 pounds.
B. The black bear searches for food in trash cans.
C. The black bear is one year old.
D. The black bear has thick, dark fur.
Living Systems
51. Blood carries nutrients to almost every part of the body. What pushes the blood through the
body?
A. the heart
B. the bones
C. the lungs
D. the stomach
Living Systems
52. Which system carries messages to and from different parts of the body?
A. the circulatory system
B. the muscular system
C. the nervous system
D. the digestive system
Living Systems
53. The pictures of the human cells below were taken by a camera attached to a microscope.
Human Muscle Cells
Human Blood Cells
These pictures show that different types of cells in the same organism
A. might look very different.
B. all perform the same role.
C. all have the same shape.
D. do not cooperate together.
Living Systems
54. Which of the following is an organ in the respiratory system?
A. lung
B. bladder
C. stomach
D. intestine
Living Systems
55. All of a human's organ systems interact with each other. How do a human's circulatory and
respiratory systems interact?
The respiratory system provides the pump that helps the circulatory system move blood
A. throughout the body.
B.
The circulatory system pumps blood to the stomach to aid in digestion.
C.
The respiratory system rids the circulatory system of extra fluids and cells.
The circulatory system transports the oxygen brought in by the respiratory system to other
D. areas of the body.
Living Systems
56. Which body system is represented in the picture below?
A. digestive
B. respiratory
C. skeletal
D. circulatory
Heredity
57.
What shape of leaf will this plant's offspring inherit?
W.
A. Z
B. W
C. X
X.
Y.
Z.
D. Y
Heredity
58. Daniel has a pet dog. His dog has white fur and brown eyes. It also has small, pointy ears and
loves to play with its ball.
Which of the following is a learned characteristic of Daniel's dog?
A. Daniel's dog has white fur.
B. Daniel's dog has brown eyes.
C. Daniel's dog has small, pointy ears.
D. Daniel's dog loves to play with its ball.
Heredity
59. A fern plant is growing in the forest by Mike's house. The leaves of the fern plant are small
and green. Mike often finds small caterpillars eating the leaves of the fern plant.
Which of the following is an inherited characteristic of the fern plant?
The number of leaves that are eaten by caterpillars.
A.
B.
C.
D.
The location of the fern plant inside the forest.
The distance of the fern plant from Mike's house.
The shape of the fern plant's leaves.
Living Systems
60. Many tasks need to be performed in order for a complex multi-celled organism to function
properly. So, these organisms have developed specialized cells to help perform these tasks
efficiently.
Which of the following activities is most like how the specialized cells in the body of a multicelled organism operate?
A.
B.
C.
D.
cheerleaders performing the same cheer at the same time
classmates being responsible for different tasks at a party
one person running a store
many people in a choir all singing the same notes
Answers
1. C
2. C
3. D
4. D
5. B
6. B
7. D
8. C
9. C
10. B
11. B
12. D
13. C
14. B
15. B
16. A
17. D
18. C
19. B
20. C
21. B
22. C
23. D
24. D
25. A
26. A
27. B
28. C
29. B
30. C
31. C
32. A
33. D
34. D
35. D
36. C
37. C
38. C
39. A
40. D
41. D
42. B
43. A
44. D
45. B
46. D
47. D
48. A
49. D
50. B
51. A
52. C
53. A
54. A
55. D
56. B
57. B
58. D
59. D
60. B
Explanations
1. The digestive system breaks down the food we eat, while the circulatory system transports
the tiny food particles to each cell in the body. This is an example of how multiple organ systems
work together.
2. Plant seeds can be carried long distances by the wind or by animals. So, a plant might grow in
a place that is far away from its parents.
Plants and animals usually look and behave very much like their parents. So, plants will have the
same leaf shape, growing season, and type of fruit as their parent plants.
3. The plant's parent is Y.
Plants and animals generally look like their parents. So, plants have the same leaf shape and the
same type of fruit as their parent plants.
4. The height of a horse is a trait that is inherited from the parents. The other characteristics are
not inherited traits and have not been passed on from the parents.
5. The stomach and the intestines are parts of the digestive system. The digestive system breaks
food down into small particles of nutrients that body cells can use.
Food enters the digestive system through the mouth and travels down the esophagus to the
stomach and the intestines, where it is digested.
6. Clothing, hairstyle, and hair length are learned traits. A person can choose them.
Inherited characteristics come from parents and are coded in each person's genes. They cannot
be controlled.
For example, people inherit the natural color of their hair, skin, and eyes from their parents.
7. The nervous system works to support many of the body's systems, including the digestive
system.
There are many stages to the digestive system, and the nervous system keeps track of each of
them. When one stage is done doing its task, the nervous system sends a signal for the food to be
pushed further along.
8. The stomach and intestines help the body get energy out of food. The body uses this energy
to grow and survive.
The stomach and intestines are part of the digestive system. Nutrients taken in by the digestive
system are needed for the body to make new cells, which allow the body to grow. If the body
cannot make new cells, it cannot survive.
9. The digestive system breaks food down into useful nutrients that the body can absorb.
Starches, like bread, rice, and potatoes, are broken down into sugars that can be used for energy.
Meats, eggs, and milk are broken down into proteins that can be used for building muscles.
Food material that cannot be digested is moved out of the body by the wave-like movement of
the small and large intestines.
10. The muscles of the muscular system work with the bones of the skeletal system to allow
humans to move. This occurs because the muscles are attached to the bones and are able to
relax and contract to cause movement. The person in the picture would not be able to move
the arm without both muscles and bones.
11. Multi-celled organisms possess different types of tissue that each contain specialized cells.
These cells come in a variety of shapes and sizes in order to perform different functions.
12. A very complex organism, such as a human, is likely a multi-celled organism. Multi-celled
organisms have many cells, which are usually specialized to do specific functions.
13. Single-celled organisms must be able to perform all necessary functions with only one
cell. Multi-celled organisms, however, can specialize each of their cells to perform different
functions.
14. Helping the body breathe is a major function of the respiratory system. This system includes
the lungs and major airways, which allow air to enter and leave the body.
Air entering the body brings oxygen, which is carried to the cells of the body, and air leaving the
body takes carbon dioxide (that was made in the cells) out of the body.
15. The diagram shows the digestive system. Digestion is the process that allows the body to get
vital nutrients from food that is eaten. Digestion actually begins as food enters the mouth and
saliva begins to break it down, and ends when excess waste is eliminated. The entire process
takes from 20-30 hours.
16. The human body contains over 1 trillion cells. The size and shape of the cell help it to
perform different jobs.
17. Learned characteristics are features that result from experience and the influence of the
environment. Inherited characteristics, on the other hand, are features that are passed on from
parents to their offspring through genes.
The color of the cockatoo's feathers and the shape of the cockatoo's beak are characteristics that
the cockatoo inherited from its parents. The behavior of the cockatoo to speak English and open
the door to its cage are learned behaviors.
18. The seeds from the orange daisies would likely also grow into orange daisies. Offspring
from plants and animals are usually similar (but not completely identical to) the "parents".
19. In humans, eye color is an inherited characteristic that is passed from parents to offspring.
Hair length, favorite color, and favorite activity are not inherited characteristics.
20. The lungs are organs which help the respiratory system bring oxygen into the body and
remove waste gases from the body.
Oxygen from the air is inhaled into the lungs and carried to all parts of the body. Waste carbon
dioxide gas from the cells is carried to the lungs and is exhaled from the body.
21. Most offspring look very similar to their parents. This is evidence that information about
the structure of the body is passed from the parents to their offspring.
22. Inherited characteristics are features that are passed on from parents to their offspring
through genes.
The pattern of the zebra's stripes is an inherited characteristic.
23. Most offspring look very similar to their parents. This is evidence that information about
the structure of the body is passed from the parents to their offspring.
24. Many tasks must be performed in order for multi-celled organisms to stay healthy. To
accomplish these tasks, complex multi-celled organisms have developed specialized cells.
Specialized cells are able to accomplish many tasks using the least amount of energy and the
shortest amount of time. Without these specialized cells, multi-celled organisms would not be
able to meet the needs of their bodies fast enough.
25. Inherited characteristics are features that are passed on from parents to their offspring
through genes.
The color of the leaves of a plant is an inherited characteristic. The location of a plant and
changes made to the natural appearance of a plant are not inherited characteristics.
26. Our skeletal system provides our bodies with a rigid structure that allows us to stand up. It
also protects our internal organs. For example, the skull is a part of the skeletal system that
protects the brain, and the rib cage is a part of the skeletal system that protects the heart and
lungs.
27. The frog and her baby are different because the mother has spots, while the baby lacks
spots.
Because of the way genes are inherited, organisms are usually similar to their parents in most
ways and different from them in a few others. These characteristics can include things such as
social behaviors or the shape, look, and function of their bodies. Differences in the individuals of
a population can affect the survival of those individuals. This may change the common
characteristics of the population over time.
28. The heart and the blood vessels are the major parts of the circulatory system. The heart
pumps the blood through the vessels in the body. The blood carries oxygen and nutrients to the
cells, then carries carbon dioxide and wastes away from the cells.
29. The muscles of the muscular system work with bones to allow movement. Humans would
not be able to move without both muscles and bones.
30. Clothing, hairstyle, and favorite color are examples of learned characteristics. They come
from choices people make.
Inherited characteristics come from parents. They are in each person's genes and they cannot be
controlled. Ear lobe type and the ability to curl the tongue into a U-shape are examples of
inherited characteristics.
31. Inherited characteristics are features that are passed on from parents to their offspring
through genes.
Examples of inherited characteristics include the color of a plant's flower petals and the shape
of a plant's leaves.
32. Inherited characteristics are features that are passed on from parents to their offspring
through genes.
The flower color of a plant is an inherited characteristic. The amount of sunlight or water a
plant receives and the location of a plant are not inherited characteristics.
33. The plant and its offspring differ in plant height and root length.
Because of the way genes are inherited, organisms are usually similar to their parents in most
ways and different from them in a few others. In plants, these characteristics can include things
such as shape, look, and function. Differences in the individuals of a population can affect the
survival of those individuals. This may change the common characteristics of the population over
time.
34. Usually, plants and animals will look very much like their parents. This is because parents
pass genes to their offspring.
The genes contain DNA that carries information about each trait.
35. Inherited characteristics are features that are passed on from parents to their offspring
through genes.
The color of a rose's petals, the shape of a rose's petals, and the presence of thorns on a
rose's stem are all inherited characteristics.
36. The baby giraffe is like its mother in body shape.
Because of the way genes are inherited, organisms are usually similar to their parents in most
ways and different from them in a few others. These characteristics can include things such as
social behaviors or the shape, look, and function of their bodies. Differences in the individuals of
a population can affect the survival of those individuals. This may change the common
characteristics of the population over time.
37. The skeletal system provides a rigid structure to protect the internal organs. For
example, the skull is a part of the skeletal system that protects the brain, and the rib cage is a part
of the skeletal system that protects the heart and lungs.
38. Clothing, piercings, and tattoos are all learned characteristics that a person can choose.
Inherited characteristics cannot be controlled. People inherit their natural color of hair, skin, and
eyes from their parents.
39. In humans, hair texture, eye color, and hair color are inherited characteristics that are passed
from parents to offspring. Favorite color, favorite activities, and hair length are not inherited
characteristics in humans. Therefore, the list that includes only characteristics that Kayla
inherited from her parents is: straight hair, brown eyes, and brown hair.
40. Fur color is an inherited trait. The parents both have white fur. This trait is passed on to the
kittens, so the kittens also have white fur.
41. Learned characteristics are features that result from experience and the influence of the
environment.
People often feed ducks in local ponds. The ducks in these ponds quickly learn that humans
sometimes bring food for them to eat. They will usually swim toward humans that come to the
pond and wait to be fed. This behavior is learned through experience.
42. In multicellular organisms, there are many different types of cells. These cells are specialized
to perform different roles within the body. Because they have different jobs, the different cells
need each other.
All of the cells benefit from cooperating so that they can keep the organism alive.
43. The heart's job is to pump blood to other parts of the body. The other jobs listed are done
by organs in other body systems such as the muscular, digestive, and nervous systems.
44. Inherited characteristics are features that are passed on from parents to their offspring
through genes.
Eye color and hair color are both examples of inherited characteristics.
45. Plants and animals usually look like their parents. So, this plant's offspring will probably
have white flowers.
Traits like flower color are passed from parent to offspring through genes.
46. Inherited characteristics are things that cannot be controlled. People inherit the natural color
of hair, skin, and eyes from their parents.
Wearing bright clothing is a learned trait. It is not inherited from a parent's genes.
47. Organisms can have one cell or many cells.
Simple organisms, such as bacteria, have only one cell, which is the organism's body. More
complex organisms, such as humans and animals, have many cells. The more cells an organism
has, the more complex it can be.
48. All living things are composed of cells. Some organisms are made up of only one cell, while
others are made up of many cells.
One major difference between single-celled organisms and multi-celled organisms is that multicelled organisms are more complex than single-celled organisms.
All living organisms need food in order to survive. This includes both single-celled and multicelled organisms.
49. The muscular and skeletal systems work together to allow us to walk, run, lift objects, and
move around. Our muscles push and pull our bones along their joints, allowing us to move.
50. Learned characteristics are features that result from experience and the influence of the
environment.
Black bears in many national parks across the United States have learned that humans throw
food away in the trash cans located inside the park. The behavior of searching for food in a
trash can is a learned characteristic.
51. The heart pushes blood through the body so that the body's cells get the nutrients and air
they need to grow and survive.
Image derived from clip provided by
Education Clip Library
with permission from ITN Source
The body could not survive without the heart.
52. The nervous system carries messages from your brain to every part of your body. It also
carries messages from every part of your body to your brain. That way, your brain always knows
what is going on and can control the whole body.
53. In multicellular organisms, there are many different types of cells. These cells are specialized
to perform different roles within the body. Because they have different jobs, different cell types
may also look very different.
The different types of cells all benefit from cooperating so that they can keep the organism alive.
Image of blood cells courtesy of Armed Forces Institute of Pathology.
54. The lungs are organs which help the respiratory system bring oxygen into the body and
remove waste gases from the body.
Oxygen from the air is inhaled into the lungs and carried to all parts of the body. Waste carbon
dioxide gas from the cells is carried to the lungs and is exhaled from the body.
55. When you inhale air, it travels through your respiratory system. The vessels of the circulatory
system interact with the lungs of the respiratory system. The blood in the vessels picks up
oxygen in the lungs and carries the oxygen to every cell in the body.
56. The picture shows the respiratory system. The purpose of the respiratory system is to take
in oxygen from the air and to remove carbon dioxide from the body.
57. The plant's offspring will inherit the gene for heart-shaped leaves, so the correct choice is W.
Traits, such as leaf shape and flower color, are passed from parents to offspring.
58. Learned characteristic are features that result from experience and the influence of the
environment. Many behaviors, such as playing with toys, are learned. Physical characteristics
such as fur color, eye color, and body structure are inherited.
Therefore, a learned characteristic of Daniel's dog is that it loves to play with its ball.
59. Inherited characteristics are features that are passed on from parents to their offspring
through genes.
Examples of inherited characteristics include the shape and color of a plant's leaves.
60. Imagine that your class is planning a party. The teacher could perform all the tasks herself, or
she could assign different tasks to individuals in the class. For example, one or two people could
be responsible for cleaning the classroom. A few other people could be responsible for
decorating the classroom while others plan the games, prepare the food, etc.
Single-celled organisms are like the teacher performing all the tasks herself. One cell does it all.
Multi-celled organisms are like classmates being responsible for different party tasks.
Specialized cells perform different tasks so that the tasks can be accomplished more quickly
while also using less energy.