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Transcript
DO THIS NOW • DO NOT PICK UP PAPERS TODAY • Select a slip of paper from the bowl at the front. Sit in the following area: – Brahmin: front right (facing board) – Kshatriya: Middle column – Vaishya : Front left (facing board) – Sudra: back row of all 3 columns – Untouchables: row of 5 seats at back of classroom • Clear your desks of everything except a pencil or pen! Put backpacks @ window ledge! Roles and Responsibilities • Throughout class you will: – Brahmin: Pass out/take away Karma points & help to determine reincarnation at end of period. – Kshatriya: Read when called upon & answer questions – Vaishya: Pass out and collect papers – Sudra: Serve Jolly Ranchers – Untouchables: Pick up candy wrappers and papers from floor • As a Supreme Being, Ms. Fowler may pass out or take away Karma points at her discretion. (she’ll probably make sure Sudras and Untouchables also get some candy at the end of the period if the classroom is clean!) • Please remain in your role for the entire class period. • ALL STUDENTS MUST TAKE NOTES Target • I can identify the basic beliefs and history of Hinduism. • I can explain the connection between Hindu beliefs and the social stratification of Indian society. DO THIS NOW Answer this question: What is reincarnation and why do some religions believe in it? Hinduism • Developed slowly over thousands of years. • Includes beliefs from many different people; rooted in ancient Aryan religion. Two main texts: Vedas – Eternal truths revealed by the wise man Upanishads - Help to explain the Vedas (speculate on the nature of reality and its relationship with the soul. Polytheism: Thousands of gods. All gods are part of a single, supreme source that unites everything in the world called Brahman. There are three main gods that make up Brahman. Brahma – The Creator Vishnu The Preserver Shiva – The Destroyer Brahma – Brahma is considered the God of the Tirmutri or the Trinity. Generally, Brahma is represented as 4 males or 4 females with 4 heads and 4 arms. Each hand holds a sacrificial tool, the Vedas, a water pot and a rosary. Brahma is usually seating on a lotus to symbolize a glorious existence. A swan represents a mode of travel due to the ability to judge between good and bad. Brahma is connected with the Goddess of Learning. Vishnu – The Preserver Vishnu is the preserver of human life. He is a generous God and known to be kind and merciful. Vishnu is the only God who is reborn whenever there is a crisis on earth. If righteousness is disturbed, Vishnu will descend to the earth as an avatar to fight the forces of evil. There have been ten avatars to restore order. Each is seen as the evolution of mankind from a fish to a man. Vishnu is represented as a dark man with four arms. He holds a club, a conch shell, a discus and a lotus. He is usually dressed in yellow robes. The Ganges River is said to originate from Vishnu's feet. He is also depicted as resting on a coiled serpent which floats on the cosmic ocean. Vishnu is connected to the consort Goddess of Wealth. Fish Warrior Tortoise Rama Boar Krishna Man Lion Buddha Dwarf Kalki Shiva – The Destroyer Shiva is the God of destruction, creator and sustainer of life. He is assisted by the Goddess of disintegration. He represents sakthi or creative energy. Shiva seeks to destroy while she brings in new life. Only when they both are balanced can the universe find true harmony. He wears a necklace made of skulls and has snakes all over his body. The crescent moon crown is wore as a symbol of controlling time. He wears a tiger skin and elephant skin. He has a third eye which is the source of knowledge & wisdom. Gods take many forms Puja – Treating the statue of the god as an honored guest which is bathed, dressed and offered food Mantra – Prayers that are repeated to achieve a meditative state Brahman vs. Atman All things are part of Braham (the universal soul) Atman – The essential self which is part of the universal soul • Atman and Brahman represent everything in nature • Non-violence is important • What you do in one life will affect you in the next life. “A mans life is like a bead on a necklace whose other beads represent past and future lives.” Stages of a harmonious life: Youth – Duty to learn (receive thread of life) Family – Responsible for teaching and youth Purpose of life: Reunite with Brahman (takes more than one lifetime) Moksha – Reuniting with Brahma Reincarnation – Belief in the rebirth of the soul in various forms after the body dies. The soul can be reborn as anything in the universe. Karma – Every deed (mental and physical) affects your fate in a future life – determines your caste Dharma – The rules and obligations for each caste that assist people in achieving spiritual purity Caste System Brahmin – Priests Kshatriya – Warrior and landlords Vaishya – Merchants Sudra – Artisans and farmers Caste System - Social groups based upon birth. Each class is associated with a color. Brahmin – White The top three Kshatriya – Red have already Vaishya – Brown been born twice Sudra – Black Untouchables – No color I. The actual origins of the caste system are unknown. Many believe that the caste system developed when the light skinned Aryans conquered the darker skinned Indians.