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Technician Licensing Class Electrons Go With the Flow! Section 8 Valid July 1, 2014 Through June 30, 2018 Electrons – Go With the Flow! • Voltage is the electrical term for the electromotive force (EMF) that causes electron flow. T5A05 • Think of voltage as water pressure in the pipes (not the flow) • T5A11 • T7D01 • T7D02 The volt is the basic unit of electromotive force. A voltmeter is an instrument you would use to measure electric potential or electromotive force. The correct way to connect a voltmeter to a circuit is in parallel with the circuit. • Car battery is measured in parallel • House wall sockets are measured in parallel Electrons – Go With the Flow! Voltmeter Measure at the equipment to factor in any loss in cables from power source. Power Supply Transceiver Electrons – Go With the Flow! • • These battery types are rechargeable. Nickel-metal hydride Lithium-ion Lead-acid gel-cell. T6A11 A carbon-zinc battery type is not rechargeable T6A10 Ni-Cad rechargeable 1.25 volt batteries in a marine hand held. Small and compact just like Ham Radio handhelds. Electrons – Go With the Flow! A mobile transceiver usually requires about 12 volts. T4A11 A mobile transceiver’s power negative connection should be made at the battery or engine block ground strap. • T5A06 • • Power leads need to be connected directly at the battery source. Current is the name for the flow of electrons in an electric circuit. • T5A03 Think of the flow of water in a pipe (not the force) An ammeter is an instrument used to measure electric current. • T7D04 Ammeter in series to measure current. Electrons – Go With the Flow! An ammeter is connected to a circuit in series with the circuit. T5A01 Electrical current is measured in amperes. T5A07 Copper is a good electrical conductor. T5A09 Alternating current is the name for a current that reverses direction on a regular basis. • T7D03 • • • AC & DC voltages Copper is a good conductor Electrons – Go With the Flow! • The term that describes the number of times per second that an alternating current reverses direction is frequency. T3B02 V + One Cycle 0V V- time One Wavelength Electrons – Go With the Flow! • Rectifier devices or circuits change an alternating current into a varying direct current signal. T6D01 Power supply contains: Transformer, rectifier (diodes), filter choke, capacitors, and regulators. This circuitry converts the house 120 VAC to varying DC and that is filtered and smoothed out to produce DC current that we need for our ham radio equipment. Electrons – Go With the Flow! • Direct current is the name for a current that flows only in one direction. T5A04 9 Volt battery AA cell Power Pack battery Hand held battery Electrons – Go With the Flow! • A diode is an electronic component that allows current to flow in only one direction. T6B02 • Rectification is process of changing AC to pulsating DC • Diode stops current flow when it tries to go in the reverse direction • Anode and cathode are the names of the two electrodes of a diode. T6B09 Semiconductor Diode • A semiconductor diode’s cathode lead usually identified with a stripe. T6B06 Electrons – Go With the Flow! A resistor is the electrical component used to oppose the flow of current in a DC circuit. • T6A01 Schematic Symbol • An ohmmeter is an instrument used to measure resistance. Both use T7D05 internal batteries. A D’Arsonval-type meter uses a mechanical needle to indicate the test results. Digital meter Caution: NEVER measure voltage or current in the Ohm position Electrons – Go With the Flow! • The potentiometer is the type of component often used as an adjustable volume control. T6A02 Schematic Symbol Resistance is the electrical parameter controlled by a potentiometer. • T6A03 • T5A08 Glass is a good electrical insulator. Electrons – Go With the Flow! An inductor is the type of electrical component that stores energy in a magnetic field. • T6A06 • T6A07 The inductor is an electrical component usually composed of a coil of wire. Schematic Symbol The ability to store energy in a magnetic field is called inductance. • T5C03 • T5C04 The basic unit of inductance is the henry. (Joseph Henry) Electrons – Go With the Flow! Impedance is the measure of the opposition AC current flow in a circuit • T5C12 • T5C13 The units of Impedance is the Ohm. Ohm’s law for impedance is E = I x Z. • • Resistance for DC current flow Impedance for AC current flow Electrons – Go With the Flow! The ability to store energy in an electric field is called capacitance. T5C02 The basic unit of capacitance is the farad. (Michael • T5C01 • Faraday) A capacitor is the electrical component that stores energy in an electric field. • T6A04 Various types of capacitors Typical construction and schematic symbol for capacitors. Electrons – Go With the Flow! The capacitor is the type of electrical component consisting of two or more conductive surfaces separated by an insulator. Paper, glass, air, etc… • T6A05 A switch is an electrical component that is used to connect or disconnect electrical circuits. • T6A08 Slide Switch Toggle Switch • Rocker Switch Schematic Symbol A fuse is an electrical component used to protect other circuit components from current overloads. T6A09 Slow Blow Fuse Automobile Blade Fuse Schematic Symbol Electrons – Go With the Flow! • A transistor is a component that can be used as an electronic switch or amplifier. T6B03 Schematic Symbol Small Signal Transistors • Transistors are a class of electronic components capable of using a voltage or current signal to control Rows of Transistors current flow. T6B1 Electrons – Go With the Flow! The transistor is an electronic components that can amplify signals. • T6B05 • T6B12 • T6B10 Gain is the term that describes a transistor's ability to amplify a signal. The three electrodes of a PNP or NPN transistor are: Emitter, Base, and Collector. Electrons – Go With the Flow! • The transistor is a component that is made of three layers of semiconductor material. T6B04 Layers of a Transistor The abbreviation "FET" Field Effect Transistor stands for Field Effect Transistor. • T6B08 • T6B11 The field effect transistor semiconductor component has three electrodes - Source, gate, and drain Take Aways Take Aways Voltage is the electrical term for the electromotive force (EMF) that causes electron flow. The volt is the basic unit of electromotive force. The instrument you would use to measure electric potential or electromotive force is a voltmeter. The correct way to connect a voltmeter to a circuit is in parallel with the circuit. Take Aways These battery types are rechargeable. Nickel-metal hydride Lithium-ion Lead-acid gel-cell A battery type that is not rechargeable is Carbon-zinc. A mobile transceiver usually requires about 12 volts (DC). A mobile transceiver's power negative connection should be made at the battery or engine block ground strap. Take Aways Current is the name for the flow of electrons in an electric circuit Electrical current is measured in units of Amperes. An ammeter is used to measure electric current. An ammeter is usually connected in series with the circuit. Take Aways Glass is a good electrical insulator. Copper is a good electrical conductor. Alternating current is the name for a current that reverses direction on a regular basis. Frequency is the term describing the number of times per second that an alternating current reverses direction. Rectifier devices or circuits change an alternating current into a varying direct current signal. Take Aways Direct current is the name for a current that flows only in one direction. A Diode allows current to flow in only one direction. The names of the two electrodes of a diode are anode and cathode. A semiconductor diode's cathode lead is usually identified with a stripe. Take Aways The Resistor is the electrical component used to oppose the flow of current in a DC circuit. An ohmmeter is used to measure resistance. Resistance is measured in OHMS. A Potentiometer is a component often used as an adjustable volume control. Resistance is the electrical parameter is controlled by a potentiometer. Take Aways Inductance is the ability to store energy in a magnetic field. An Inductor is usually composed of a coil of wire. An Inductor is a type of electrical component that stores energy in a magnetic field The Henry is the basic unit of inductance Take Aways Capacitance is the ability to store energy in an electric field. The farad is the basic unit of capacitance. A Capacitor is an electrical component that stores energy in an electric field. A Capacitor consists of two or more conductive surfaces separated by an insulator. Take Aways • Impedance is the measure of the opposition AC current flow in a circuit • The units of Impedance is the Ohm. • A Switch is an electrical component used to connect or disconnect electrical circuits • A fuse is an electrical component used to protect other circuit components from current overloads. . Take Aways A Transistor can be used as an electronic switch or amplifier. Transistors are a class of electronic components capable of using a voltage or current signal to control current flow. Transistors can amplify signals. Gain is the term that describes a transistor's ability to amplify a signal. • The three electrodes of a PNP or NPN transistor are: Emitter, Base, and Collector Take Aways A transistor is made of three layers of semiconductor material. The abbreviation "FET" stands for Field Effect Transistor. A Field effect transistor has three electrodes -Source, Gate and Drain. Element 2 Technician Class Question Pool Electrons Go With the Flow! Valid July 1, 2014 Through June 30, 2018 T5A05 What is the electrical term for the electromotive force (EMF) that causes electron flow? A. B. C. D. Voltage Ampere-hours Capacitance Inductance 33 T5A11 What is the basic unit of electromotive force? A. B. C. D. The volt The watt The ampere The ohm 34 T7D01 Which instrument would you use to measure electric potential or electromotive force? A. B. C. D. An ammeter A voltmeter A wavemeter An ohmmeter 35 T7D02 What is the correct way to connect a voltmeter to a circuit? A. B. C. D. In series with the circuit In parallel with the circuit In quadrature with the circuit In phase with the circuit 36 T6A10 Which of the following battery types is rechargeable? A. B. C. D. Nickel-metal hydride Lithium-ion Lead-acid gel-cell All of these choices are correct 37 T6A11 Which of the following battery types is not rechargeable? A. B. C. D. Nickel-cadmium Carbon-zinc Lead-acid Lithium-ion 38 T5A06 How much voltage does a mobile transceiver usually require? A. B. C. D. About 12 volts About 30 volts About 120 volts About 240 volts 39 T4A11 Where should the negative return connection of a mobile transceiver’s power cable be connected? A. B. C. D. At the battery or engine block ground strap At the antenna mount To any metal part of the vehicle Through the transceiver’s mounting bracket 40 T5A03 What is the name for the flow of electrons in an electric circuit? A. B. C. D. Voltage Resistance Capacitance Current 41 T7D04 Which instrument is used to measure electric current? A. B. C. D. An ohmmeter A wavemeter A voltmeter An ammeter 42 T7D03 How is an ammeter usually connected to a circuit? A. B. C. D. In series with the circuit In parallel with the circuit In quadrature with the circuit In phase with the circuit 43 T5A01 Electrical current is measured in which of the following units? A. B. C. D. Volts Watts Ohms Amperes 44 T5A07 Which of the following is a good electrical conductor? A. B. C. D. Glass Wood Copper Rubber 45 T5A09 What is the name for a current that reverses direction on a regular basis? A. B. C. D. Alternating current Direct current Circular current Vertical current 46 T6D01 Which of the following devices or circuits changes an alternating current into a varying direct current signal? A. B. C. D. Transformer Rectifier Amplifier Reflector 47 T5A04 What is the name for a current that flows only in one direction? A. B. C. D. Alternating current Direct current Normal current Smooth current 48 T6B02 What electronic component allows current to flow in only one direction? A. B. C. D. Resistor Fuse Diode Driven element 49 T6B09 What are the names of the two electrodes of a diode? A. B. C. D. Plus and minus Source and drain Anode and cathode Gate and base 50 T6B06 How is cathode lead of a semiconductor diode usually identified? A. B. C. D. With the word cathode With a stripe With the letter C All of these choices are correct 51 T6A01 What electrical component is used to oppose the flow of current in a DC circuit? A. B. C. D. Inductor Resistor Voltmeter Transformer 52 T7D05 What instrument is used to measure resistance? A. B. C. D. An oscilloscope A spectrum analyzer A noise bridge An ohmmeter 53 T6A02 What type of component is often used as an adjustable volume control? A. B. C. D. Fixed resistor Power resistor Potentiometer transformer 54 T6A03 What electrical parameter is controlled by a potentiometer? A. B. C. D. Inductance Resistance Capacitance Field strength 55 T5A08 Which of the following is a good electrical insulator? A. B. C. D. Copper Glass Aluminum Mercury 56 T6A06 What type of electrical component stores energy in a magnetic field? A. B. C. D. Resistor Capacitor Inductor Diode 57 T6A07 What electrical component is usually composed of a coil of wire? A. B. C. D. Switch Capacitor Diode Inductor 58 T5C03 What is the ability to store energy in a magnetic field called? A. B. C. D. Admittance Capacitance Resistance Inductance 59 T5C04 What is the basic unit of inductance? A. B. C. D. The coulomb The farad The henry The ohm 60 T5C12 What is meant by the term impedance? A. It is a measure of the opposition to AC current flow in a circuit B. It is the inverse of resistance C. It is a measure of the Q or Quality Factor of a component D. It is a measure of the power handling capability of a component 61 T5C13 What are the units of impedance? A. B. C. D. Volts Amperes Coulombs Ohms 62 T5C01 What is the ability to store energy in an electric field called? A. B. C. D. Inductance Resistance Tolerance Capacitance 63 T5C02 What is the basic unit of capacitance? A. B. C. D. The farad The ohm The volt The henry 64 T6A04 What electrical component stores energy in an electric field? A. B. C. D. Resistor Capacitor Inductor Diode 65 T6A05 What type of electrical component consists of two or more conductive surfaces separated by an insulator? A. B. C. D. Resistor Potentiometer Oscillator Capacitor 66 T6A08 What electrical component is used to connect or disconnect electrical circuits? A. B. C. D. Magnetron Switch Thermistor All of these choices are correct 67 T6A09 What electrical component is used to protect other circuit components from current overloads? A. B. C. D. Fuse Capacitor Inductor All of these choices are correct 68 T6B03 Which of these components can be used as an electronic switch or amplifier? A. B. C. D. Oscillator Potentiometer Transistor Voltmeter 69 T6B01 What class of electronic components is capable of using a voltage or current signal to control current flow? A. B. C. D. Capacitors Inductors Resistors Transistors 70 T6B05 Which of the following electronic components can amplify signals? A. B. C. D. Transistor Variable resistor Electrolytic capacitor Multi-cell battery 71 T6B12 What is the term that describes a transistor's ability to amplify a signal? A. B. C. D. Gain Forward resistance Forward voltage drop On resistance 72 T6B10 What are the three electrodes of a PNP or NPN transistor? A. B. C. D. Emitter, base, and collector Source, gate, and drain Cathode, grid, and plate Cathode, drift cavity, and collector 73 T6B04 Which of the following components can be made of three layers of semiconductor material? A. B. C. D. Alternator Transistor Triode Pentagrid converter 74 T6B08 What does the abbreviation FET stand for? A. B. C. D. Field Effect Transistor Fast Electron Transistor Free Electron Transition Field Emission Thickness 75 T6B11 What at are the three electrodes of a field effect transistor? A. B. C. D. Emitter, base, and collector Source, gate, and drain Cathode, grid, and plate Cathode, gate, and anode 76