Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Standby power wikipedia , lookup
Resistive opto-isolator wikipedia , lookup
Power MOSFET wikipedia , lookup
Molecular scale electronics wikipedia , lookup
Electronics technician (United States Navy) wikipedia , lookup
Printed electronics wikipedia , lookup
Switched-mode power supply wikipedia , lookup
Electronic engineering wikipedia , lookup
Power electronics wikipedia , lookup
ID A17C: Powering, Driving and Dimming High Brightness LEDs with Renesas Lighting Microcontrollers Renesas Electronics America Inc. John Pocs Staff Applications Engineer 13 October 2010 Version: 1.1 John Pocs Staff Applications Engineer Application focus on LED lighting and motor control Support Renesas lines, V850, K0R, K0 20+ years embedded system development, application and industrial experience 12 yrs with Renesas Electronics/ NEC Electronics – Hardware, firmware, development tools, applications 8 yrs with Electronics Detection Systems – Life safety, security systems and CCTV 5 yrs with Anina (Romania) Power Generation Plant – Power generator, plant automation, power inverters Knowledge in 8/16/32-bit MCUs (Renesas Freescale, Intel) MSEE – San Francisco State University Diploma Engineer in Industrial Electronics from Polytechnic Institute Iasi - Romania 2 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc. All rights reserved. Renesas Technology and Solution Portfolio Microcontrollers & Microprocessors #1 Market share worldwide * ASIC, ASSP & Memory Advanced and proven technologies Solutions for Innovation Analog and Power Devices #1 Market share in low-voltage MOSFET** * MCU: 31% revenue basis from Gartner "Semiconductor Applications Worldwide Annual Market Share: Database" 25 March 2010 ** Power MOSFET: 17.1% on unit basis from Marketing Eye 2009 (17.1% on unit basis). 3 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc. All rights reserved. Renesas Technology and Solution Portfolio Microcontrollers & Microprocessors #1 Market share worldwide * Solutions for Innovation ASIC, ASSP & Memory Advanced and proven technologies Analog and Power Devices #1 Market share in low-voltage MOSFET** * MCU: 31% revenue basis from Gartner "Semiconductor Applications Worldwide Annual Market Share: Database" 25 March 2010 ** Power MOSFET: 17.1% on unit basis from Marketing Eye 2009 (17.1% on unit basis). 4 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc. All rights reserved. Microcontroller and Microprocessor Line-up Superscalar, MMU, Multimedia High Performance CPU, Low Power High Performance CPU, FPU, DSC Up to 1200 DMIPS, 45, 65 & 90nm process Video and audio processing on Linux Server, Industrial & Automotive Up to 500 DMIPS, 150 & 90nm process 600uA/MHz, 1.5 uA standby Medical, Automotive & Industrial Up to 165 DMIPS, 90nm process 500uA/MHz, 2.5 uA standby Ethernet, CAN, USB, Motor Control, TFT Display Legacy Cores Next-generation migration to RX General Purpose Up to 10 DMIPS, 130nm process 350 uA/MHz, 1uA standby Capacitive touch 5 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc. All rights reserved. Ultra Low Power Embedded Security Up to 25 DMIPS, 150nm process Up to 25 DMIPS, 180, 90nm process 190 uA/MHz, 0.3uA standby 1mA/MHz, 100uA standby Application-specific integration Crypto engine, Hardware security Microcontroller and Microprocessor Line-up Superscalar, MMU, Multimedia High Performance CPU, LowLED Power Lighting Solution High Performance CPU, FPU, DSC Up to 1200 DMIPS, 45, 65 & 90nm process and audio processing on Linux 78K Video Server, Industrial & Automotive Up to 500 DMIPS, 150 & 90nm process 600uA/MHz, 1.5 uA standby Medical, Automotive & Industrial Up to 165 DMIPS, 90nm process 500uA/MHz, 2.5 uA standby Ethernet, CAN, USB, Motor Control, TFT Display Legacy Cores Next-generation migration to RX General Purpose Up to 10 DMIPS, 130nm process 350 uA/MHz, 1uA standby Capacitive touch 6 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc. All rights reserved. Ultra Low Power Embedded Security Up to 25 DMIPS, 150nm process Up to 25 DMIPS, 180, 90nm process 190 uA/MHz, 0.3uA standby 1mA/MHz, 100uA standby Application-specific integration Crypto engine, Hardware security Agenda LED Lighting Market Design Considerations for LED Lighting Electronic Driver Solutions for LED Lights Design Electronics LED Driver with Renesas Lighting Microcontrollers 7 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc. All rights reserved. Key Takeaways By the end of this session you will be able to: Understand basic design considerations for LED lighting Understand the electronics of LED drivers Know what Renesas MCUs can offer for LED lighting designs 8 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc. All rights reserved. Innovation Drive LEDs Powerline Communication Time Sequencing Light Sensor Wireless (ZigBee) DMX512 Console Motion Detector DALI Controller TRIAC Dimmer 9 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc. All rights reserved. AC-Powered Our LED Lighting Solution Renesas offers a complete set of tools and low cost MCUs with: Integrated peripherals for LED driver support Power processing capability Dimming control Intelligent lighting control LED lighting design is easily achievable when you have Renesas as a partner! 10 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc. All rights reserved. LED Lighting Market 11 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc. All rights reserved. Lighting Market Overview LED lighting highest growth: 55% (by 2012); 235% (by 2015) 2010 2012 2015 *Datapoint Research 2008 (by Munits) General illumination white LED light highest growth *Databeans Estimates 2009 Now is time to focus on LED lighting design! 12 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc. All rights reserved. Reason for LED Lighting Growth in General Illumination Incandescent Fluorescent LED Light Energy efficiency 14.2 lumens/ watt 60 lumens/ watt 100 lumens/ watt Hours of Operation 1,000 10,000 50,000 Environmental Impact Consume too much energy Toxic: Contain Mercury (4mg for CFL) Environmentally Friendly Highest energy efficiency Longest operating life Non-toxic: No mercury Environmentally friendly! Many States LED light programs US Congress ban Program for solid L Prize competition Fluorescent lamps CA Title 24: 2008 incandescent state (LED) sponsored by US hazardous waste Building Energy 2012 - 2014 lighting 9/2008 DOE in CA Efficiency Standards (12/2007) 13 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc. All rights reserved. General Illumination LED Lighting Market Primary Focus - White Source Light - Indoor Illumination (LED Light) - Commercial Displays - Street Lights - Outdoor Illumination 14 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc. All rights reserved. General Illumination LED Lighting Market Secondary Focus - Multi-Color Lights – Entertainment Light – Architectural Indoor and Outdoor Light – Traffic Signals – Radiating Signs and Signals 15 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc. All rights reserved. Design Considerations for LED Lighting 16 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc. All rights reserved. LED Light Dissection Reflector, Optics LEDs (Optical) Thermal Casing Cooling Fan (Thermal) Electronics Driver -LED driver -AC to DC conversion (Power factor correction) Renesas Base Types (Mechanical) Edison Screw (E26 in USA), Prong, PL-T Power (85V – 277V AC) 110V (Taiwan) 120V (USA, Canada) 220V (Most of Europe) 240V (UK) 250V (China) 17 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc. All rights reserved. LED Light Electronics Driver Design Considerations Drive LED: Constant Current Drive Power Processing: AC to DC Conversion Power Factor Correction Dimming Control Communications for Lighting Control Intelligent Lighting Control LED Lighting Standards and Regulations 18 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc. All rights reserved. LED Drives: Constant Current Drive Vdd LED light is proportional to forward current Current fluctuation results in changes in LED light output, beam pattern and color If Tight forward voltage specs are difficult to guarantee Vout Constant Current Regulator Vsense If Rsense 19 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc. All rights reserved. R Vf Constant current regulation best approach Vin Vdd - Vf LED Drives: Constant Current Regulators Buck or Boost Buck: – If input voltage higher than sum of LED forward voltages Boost: – If input voltage lower than sum of LED forward voltages 20 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc. All rights reserved. Power Processing: AC to DC Conversion LEDs powered by low voltage direct current (DC) AC mains provide high voltage alternating current AC to DC conversion + + - Rectified DC output - AC input Need to ensure efficiency and power quality 21 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc. All rights reserved. Power Factor Correction Power Processing: Power Factor Correction What is Power Factor? Real Power (Watts) / Apparent Power (Volt-Ampere) Range: 0 – 1 P (W ) S (VA) PF Non-linear loads displace and distort original AC current AC current Distortion AC voltage φ Displacement Total Power Factor – combination of Displacement Power Factor and Total Harmonic Distortion 39 TPF DPF 22 1 1 THD 2 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc. All rights reserved. DPF: cosφ THD I 3 I1 2 n Power Factor Correction Make the load look like a resistor All power supplied is active power Passive PFC Control harmonic current using filter Expensive large high-current inductor L VDCIn + VDCout + No automatic adjustment for wider AC input power Higher efficiency than active PFC Load - - Active PFC Input current is controlled to be proportional to mains voltage waveform Automatic adjustment for wider AC input power (eg. 85-277VAC) Most common configuration - Boost VDCIn Other configurations – Buck, Buck-Boost 23 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc. All rights reserved. L PWM D T VDCOut C Load Dimming Control Adjust forward current of LED Digital PWM Dimming If Change LED constant current with PWM pulse Vout If Constant Current Regulator PWM If Rsense Internal Ref t Analog Dimming Change LED current by current sense threshold Vin Vout If If Rsense Vref 24 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc. All rights reserved. t Types of Dimming Control 0 – 10V Dimmer Applications: Indoor/ Outdoor lighting with one or more zones + 0-10V - Control + N L Ground Neutral Mains Line 25 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc. All rights reserved. + 0-10V Dimmer N L 0-10V Dimmer Types of Dimming Control DALI– Digital Light Addressable Interface Open standard (IEC 60919) Addressable up to 64 devices, Data transfer up to 1200 Baud Application: Indoor/Outdoor Lighting + DALI - Control + N L Ground Neutral Mains Line 26 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc. All rights reserved. + DALI Dimmer N L DALI Dimmer Type of Dimming Control DMX512 Bus network: < 1200 meters; < 32 devices EIA-485 physical layer; Twisted pair wiring Connector: XLR (5-pin) or RJ-45 (8-pin) OUT IN OUT IN Advanced Dimming Control Wireless: ZigBee or Proprietary wireless Power line communication 27 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc. All rights reserved. OUT Termination 120ohm Types of Dimming Control TRIAC Dimmers Change TRIAC conduction angle to dim light Incandescent light bulbs are pure resistive loads – No current distortion – Unity Power Factor LED drives need intelligence – Inductive load degrades power factor – Light load, not enough to keep triac on – causing flicker – Switching noise can shut off triac - causing flicker – Thermal management δ° 120 VAC VR Diac R Triac δ° 180° LED Drive C δ: conduction angle 45°-135° 28 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc. All rights reserved. Communications for Lighting Control Microcontrollers enable multiple lighting control options from local or through network communications 0-10V ADC LED Driver UART Microcontroller DALI 29 SPI DALI © 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc. All rights reserved. DMX512 ZigBee Module Powerline Communication Module Intelligent Lighting Control Microcontroller enable intelligent lighting control Motion detection Ambient light sensor Time sequencing Light sensor LED Driver ADC PIR sensor 30 Energy savings © 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc. All rights reserved. Timer for time sequencing Microcontroller SPI Occupancy sensor LED Lighting Standards and Regulations U.S. Energy Star Power processing: – Power factor: Residential > 0.70; Commercial > 0.90 EMI, noise, light output and efficiency National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) Recommended performance requirements and test For SSL Driver: NEMA SSL-1 Underwriter Laboratories (UL) Independent nonprofit product safety certification organization UL8750: “Standard for Lighting Emitting Diode (LED) Light Sources for Use in Lighting Products” American National Standard Institute (ANSI) Official US representative to International Organization for Standardization (ISO) For SSL Drivers: Working group ANSI C82-04 Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA) Professional organization to improve the lighted environment 31 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc. All rights reserved. Electronic Driver Solutions for LED Lights 32 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc. All rights reserved. LED Lighting Electronics Driver Solutions LED Driver Lighting Control Comm. Dimming Control MCU Analog LED Driver Intelligent Lighting Control PFC LED Driver Light sensor PIR sensor Occupancy Sensor for time sequencing 33 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc. All rights reserved. Intelligent Lighting Control Renesas MCU PFC Dimming Control Lighting Control Comm. 0 - 10V DALI DMX512 ZigBee Powerline Communication Design Electronics LED Driver with Renesas Lighting Microcontroller 34 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc. All rights reserved. Renesas LED Lighting Microcontroller Line-Up High-Current LED Key Features Driver MCU (HCD/LED) Integrated 4-channels constant current LED driver Line-up Current drive: 0.35A to 1.5A UPD78F8025 32 KB Flash UPD78F8024 Buck or boost topology 1 MHz switching frequency 9 – 38VDC input voltage Protection circuit (over-current, over/under-voltage, thermal) 8 KB Flash Flash memory for communication protocol (PLC, Wireless) UPD168804/30 LED Driver only 78K0/Ix2 MCU Line-up 78K0/IB2 8KB-16KB, 30-/32-pin 78K0/IA2 8KB-16KB, 20-pin 78K0/IY2 4KB-16KB, 16-pin 35 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc. All rights reserved. Multiple channels of LEDs for multi-color and simultaneous LED channels Key Features Fast (40MHz) 16-bit inverter control timers Analog comparators (3-ch) w/ int. Vref (1.6V divided by 32) Analog digital converters (9-ch 10-bit ADC) Op-amp (1-ch) Hardware DALI interface Operating temperature: -40C to 105C Combination of 40 MHz 16-bit PWM + Analog comparator: • Power factor correction (0.99) • Constant high-current drive • 8-bit timer for dimming control Renesas LED Lighting MCU Easy to Design Power Factor Correction • Development tools, reference designs High Temperature Support • HCD/LED MCU have integrated 4-channels LED driver • 78K0/Ix2 have fast PWM timers and analog comparators to implement Renesas Lighting MCU • 78K0/Ix2: -40 to 105C Protection Circuit • HCD/LED MCU have overcurrent, over-voltage, undervoltage and thermal detection circuits 36 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc. All rights reserved. Constant Current Drive Intelligent Lighting Control • Interface to sensor (using 10bit ADC) • Sequencing on-off based on time (using timers) Dimming Control • 8-bit or 16-bit resolution • 0-10V, DALI, DMX512, TRIAC, ZigBee, Powerline Network Lighting Control • DALI interface • DMX512 (using UART) • 0-10V (using 10-bit ADC) • ZigBee (add ZigBee module through SPI or UART) • Powerline (add powerline controller or module through SPI or UART) Renesas 78K0 LED Lighting MCU: Applications White LED Light/ Light Bulb Multi-Color Light 78K0/Ix2 HCD/LED MCU White Outdoor Illumination White Light Commercial Displays 37 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc. All rights reserved. LED Street Light Implementation of Dimmable LED Driver with Renesas 78K0/Ix2 Microcontroller Triac Output Bridge Rectifier Triac Conduction Angle Detect 38 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc. All rights reserved. Power Factor Correction (PFC) 78K0/IB2 Buck Constant Current LED Driver To LEDs Dimmable LED Driver with 78K0/Ix2 PFC Boost Converter DC/DC Buck Converter DC BUS Rectified AC Input LED L T2 T1 TMX0 CMP2+ 39 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc. All rights reserved. Dimming Interlock 78K0/Ix2 TM00 TI000 TMX1 A/D Interlock Internal Vref Triac angle decoder TMX10 ANI0 Zero current detection TMX00 LED Current Sensing TMH1 CMP0+ Internal Vref Active CRM Power Factor Correction PFC Boost Converter DC BUS Rectified, unfiltered AC voltage Average AC current Critical Conduction Mode T1 Zero current detection ANI0 TMX00 (CRM) TMX0 Interlock CMP2+ Internal Vref Triac angle decoder 40 A/D © 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc. All rights reserved. TX0CR0 (PFC-on pulse width) 78K0/Ix2 TM00 TI000 TMX00 (PFC output) TX0CR1 (PFC-off pulse width) CMP2+ (Zero current detection) Question 1 What PFC method is used in the Renesas Triac dimmable LED drive? 41 A. Passive PFC B. Active PFC in Discontinuous Conduction Mode (DCM) C. Active PFC in Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM) D. Active PFC in Critical Conduction Mode (CRM) © 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc. All rights reserved. Constant Current DC/DC Buck Converter DC/DC Buck Converter DC BUS LED L T2 Inductor current LED Current Sensing Average LED current Internal Vref TMX10 Current Sense Input (CMP0+) 78K0/Ix2 Internal CMP output TMX1 Dimming Interlock PWM output (TMX10 CMP0+ TMH1 42 Internal Vref © 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc. All rights reserved. Ton Toff Question 2 What method of current regulation is used in the buck converter? A. Constant current control by software B. Constant current control by internal hardware comparator C. Constant current control by external hardware. 43 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc. All rights reserved. Dimmable LED Light Reference Design Replacement/ Retrofit to LED Light for Indoor, Outdoor and Display Dimmable LED Reference Design Electronics driver LED lights AC-DC Conversion AC Voltage Input – 85-277VAC Power Factor Correction – >0.95 Constant Current HB-LED Drive – One-channel up to 20W TRIAC Dimming Programmability – 78K0/Ix2 Flash-based MCU 85-277VAC 44 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc. All rights reserved. Dimmable LED Light Reference Design Output: 20-65VDC, 350mA LEDLED+ L N Input: 85-277VAC 45 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc. All rights reserved. Innovation Drive LEDs Powerline Communication Time Sequencing Light Sensor Wireless (ZigBee) DMX512 Console Motion Detector DALI Controller TRIAC Dimmer 46 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc. All rights reserved. AC-Powered Questions? 47 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc. All rights reserved. Thank You! 48 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc. All rights reserved. Renesas Electronics America Inc.