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ID A17C: Powering, Driving and Dimming High
Brightness LEDs with Renesas
Lighting Microcontrollers
Renesas Electronics America Inc.
John Pocs
Staff Applications Engineer
13 October 2010
Version: 1.1
John Pocs
 Staff Applications Engineer
 Application focus on LED lighting and motor control
 Support Renesas lines, V850, K0R, K0
 20+ years embedded system development, application and
industrial experience
 12 yrs with Renesas Electronics/ NEC Electronics
– Hardware, firmware, development tools, applications
 8 yrs with Electronics Detection Systems
– Life safety, security systems and CCTV
 5 yrs with Anina (Romania) Power Generation Plant
– Power generator, plant automation, power inverters
 Knowledge in 8/16/32-bit MCUs (Renesas Freescale, Intel)
 MSEE – San Francisco State University
 Diploma Engineer in Industrial Electronics from Polytechnic
Institute Iasi - Romania
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© 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc.
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Renesas Technology and Solution Portfolio
Microcontrollers
& Microprocessors
#1 Market share
worldwide *
ASIC, ASSP
& Memory
Advanced and
proven technologies
Solutions
for
Innovation
Analog and
Power Devices
#1 Market share
in low-voltage
MOSFET**
* MCU: 31% revenue
basis from Gartner
"Semiconductor
Applications Worldwide
Annual Market Share:
Database" 25
March 2010
** Power MOSFET: 17.1%
on unit basis from
Marketing Eye 2009
(17.1% on unit basis).
3
© 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Renesas Technology and Solution Portfolio
Microcontrollers
& Microprocessors
#1 Market share
worldwide *
Solutions
for
Innovation
ASIC, ASSP
& Memory
Advanced and
proven technologies
Analog and
Power Devices
#1 Market share
in low-voltage
MOSFET**
* MCU: 31% revenue
basis from Gartner
"Semiconductor
Applications Worldwide
Annual Market Share:
Database" 25
March 2010
** Power MOSFET: 17.1%
on unit basis from
Marketing Eye 2009
(17.1% on unit basis).
4
© 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc.
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Microcontroller and Microprocessor Line-up
Superscalar, MMU, Multimedia
High Performance CPU, Low Power
High Performance CPU, FPU, DSC
 Up to 1200 DMIPS, 45, 65 & 90nm process
 Video and audio processing on Linux
 Server, Industrial & Automotive
 Up to 500 DMIPS, 150 & 90nm process
 600uA/MHz, 1.5 uA standby
 Medical, Automotive & Industrial
 Up to 165 DMIPS, 90nm process
 500uA/MHz, 2.5 uA standby
 Ethernet, CAN, USB, Motor Control, TFT Display
 Legacy Cores
 Next-generation migration to RX
General Purpose
 Up to 10 DMIPS, 130nm process
 350 uA/MHz, 1uA standby
 Capacitive touch
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© 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc.
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Ultra Low Power
Embedded Security
 Up to 25 DMIPS, 150nm process  Up to 25 DMIPS, 180, 90nm process
 190 uA/MHz, 0.3uA standby
 1mA/MHz, 100uA standby
 Application-specific integration  Crypto engine, Hardware security
Microcontroller and Microprocessor Line-up
Superscalar, MMU, Multimedia
High Performance CPU, LowLED
Power
Lighting
Solution
High Performance CPU, FPU, DSC
 Up to 1200 DMIPS, 45, 65 & 90nm process
and audio processing on Linux
78K Video
Server, Industrial & Automotive
 Up to 500 DMIPS, 150 & 90nm process
 600uA/MHz, 1.5 uA standby
 Medical, Automotive & Industrial
 Up to 165 DMIPS, 90nm process
 500uA/MHz, 2.5 uA standby
 Ethernet, CAN, USB, Motor Control, TFT Display
 Legacy Cores
 Next-generation migration to RX
General Purpose
 Up to 10 DMIPS, 130nm process
 350 uA/MHz, 1uA standby
 Capacitive touch
6
© 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc.
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Ultra Low Power
Embedded Security
 Up to 25 DMIPS, 150nm process  Up to 25 DMIPS, 180, 90nm process
 190 uA/MHz, 0.3uA standby
 1mA/MHz, 100uA standby
 Application-specific integration  Crypto engine, Hardware security
Agenda
 LED Lighting Market
 Design Considerations for LED Lighting
 Electronic Driver Solutions for LED Lights
 Design Electronics LED Driver with Renesas Lighting
Microcontrollers
7
© 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc.
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Key Takeaways
By the end of this session you will be able to:
 Understand basic design considerations for LED lighting
 Understand the electronics of LED drivers
 Know what Renesas MCUs can offer for LED lighting designs
8
© 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc.
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Innovation
Drive LEDs
Powerline
Communication
Time Sequencing
Light
Sensor
Wireless (ZigBee)
DMX512 Console
Motion
Detector
DALI Controller
TRIAC Dimmer
9
© 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc.
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AC-Powered
Our LED Lighting Solution
Renesas offers a complete set of tools and low cost MCUs with:
 Integrated peripherals for LED driver support
 Power processing capability
 Dimming control
 Intelligent lighting control
LED lighting design is easily achievable when you have Renesas
as a partner!
10
© 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc.
All rights reserved.
LED Lighting Market
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© 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc.
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Lighting Market Overview
 LED lighting highest growth: 55% (by 2012); 235% (by 2015)
2010
2012
2015
*Datapoint Research 2008
(by Munits)
 General illumination white LED light highest growth
*Databeans Estimates 2009
 Now is time to focus on LED lighting design!
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© 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc.
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Reason for LED Lighting Growth in General
Illumination
Incandescent
Fluorescent
LED Light
Energy efficiency
14.2 lumens/ watt
60 lumens/ watt
100 lumens/ watt
Hours of Operation
1,000
10,000
50,000
Environmental
Impact
Consume too much
energy
Toxic: Contain Mercury
(4mg for CFL)
Environmentally Friendly
 Highest energy efficiency
 Longest operating life
 Non-toxic: No mercury
Environmentally friendly!
Many States
LED light
programs
US Congress ban Program for solid L Prize competition Fluorescent lamps CA Title 24: 2008
incandescent
state (LED)
sponsored by US
hazardous waste
Building Energy
2012 - 2014
lighting 9/2008
DOE
in CA
Efficiency Standards
(12/2007)
13
© 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc.
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General Illumination LED Lighting Market
 Primary Focus - White Source Light
- Indoor Illumination (LED Light)
- Commercial Displays
- Street Lights
- Outdoor Illumination
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© 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc.
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General Illumination LED Lighting Market
 Secondary Focus - Multi-Color Lights
– Entertainment Light
– Architectural Indoor and Outdoor Light
– Traffic Signals
– Radiating Signs and Signals
15
© 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc.
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Design Considerations for LED Lighting
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© 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc.
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LED Light Dissection
Reflector, Optics
LEDs (Optical)
Thermal Casing
Cooling Fan (Thermal)
Electronics Driver
-LED driver
-AC to DC conversion
(Power factor correction)
Renesas
Base Types (Mechanical)
Edison Screw (E26 in USA), Prong, PL-T
Power (85V – 277V AC)
110V (Taiwan)
120V (USA, Canada)
220V (Most of Europe)
240V (UK)
250V (China)
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© 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc.
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LED Light Electronics Driver Design
Considerations
 Drive LED: Constant Current Drive
 Power Processing: AC to DC Conversion
 Power Factor Correction
 Dimming Control
 Communications for Lighting Control
 Intelligent Lighting Control
 LED Lighting Standards and Regulations
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© 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc.
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LED Drives: Constant Current Drive
Vdd
 LED light is proportional to forward current
 Current fluctuation results in changes in LED light
output, beam pattern and color
If
 Tight forward voltage specs are difficult to
guarantee
Vout
Constant
Current
Regulator Vsense
If
Rsense
19
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R
Vf
 Constant current regulation best approach
Vin
Vdd - Vf
LED Drives: Constant Current Regulators
 Buck or Boost
 Buck:
– If input voltage higher
than sum of LED forward
voltages
 Boost:
– If input voltage lower
than sum of LED forward
voltages
20
© 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc.
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Power Processing: AC to DC Conversion
 LEDs powered by low voltage direct current (DC)
 AC mains provide high voltage alternating current
 AC to DC conversion
+
+
-
Rectified DC output
-
AC input
 Need to ensure efficiency and power quality
21
© 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc.
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Power Factor
Correction
Power Processing: Power Factor Correction
 What is Power Factor?
Real Power (Watts) / Apparent Power (Volt-Ampere)
Range: 0 – 1
P (W )
S (VA)
PF 
 Non-linear loads displace and distort original AC current
AC current
Distortion
AC voltage
φ
Displacement
 Total Power Factor – combination of Displacement Power
Factor and Total Harmonic Distortion
39
TPF  DPF
22
1
1  THD 2
© 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc.
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DPF: cosφ
THD 
I
3
I1
2
n
Power Factor Correction
 Make the load look like a resistor
 All power supplied is active power
 Passive PFC
 Control harmonic current using filter
 Expensive large high-current inductor
L
VDCIn
+
VDCout
+
 No automatic adjustment for wider AC input power
 Higher efficiency than active PFC
Load
-
-
 Active PFC
 Input current is controlled to be proportional to mains voltage waveform
 Automatic adjustment for wider AC input power (eg. 85-277VAC)
 Most common configuration - Boost
VDCIn
 Other configurations
– Buck, Buck-Boost
23
© 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc.
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L
PWM
D
T
VDCOut
C
Load
Dimming Control
 Adjust forward current of LED
 Digital PWM Dimming
If
 Change LED constant current with PWM pulse
Vout
If
Constant
Current
Regulator
PWM
If
Rsense
Internal Ref
t
 Analog Dimming
 Change LED current by current sense threshold
Vin
Vout
If
If
Rsense
Vref
24
© 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc.
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t
Types of Dimming Control
 0 – 10V Dimmer
 Applications: Indoor/ Outdoor lighting with one or more zones
+
0-10V
-
Control
+
N
L
Ground
Neutral
Mains Line
25
© 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc.
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+
0-10V
Dimmer
N
L
0-10V
Dimmer
Types of Dimming Control
 DALI– Digital Light Addressable Interface
 Open standard (IEC 60919)
 Addressable up to 64 devices, Data transfer up to 1200 Baud
 Application: Indoor/Outdoor Lighting
+
DALI
-
Control
+
N
L
Ground
Neutral
Mains Line
26
© 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc.
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+
DALI
Dimmer
N
L
DALI
Dimmer
Type of Dimming Control
 DMX512
 Bus network: < 1200 meters; < 32 devices
 EIA-485 physical layer; Twisted pair wiring
 Connector: XLR (5-pin) or RJ-45 (8-pin)
OUT
IN
OUT
IN
 Advanced Dimming Control
 Wireless: ZigBee or Proprietary wireless
 Power line communication
27
© 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc.
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OUT
Termination
120ohm
Types of Dimming Control
 TRIAC Dimmers
 Change TRIAC conduction angle to dim light
 Incandescent light bulbs are pure resistive loads
– No current distortion
– Unity Power Factor
 LED drives need intelligence
– Inductive load degrades power factor
– Light load, not enough to keep triac on – causing flicker
– Switching noise can shut off triac - causing flicker
– Thermal management
δ°
120 VAC
VR

Diac
R
Triac
δ°
180°
LED
Drive
C
δ: conduction angle
45°-135°
28
© 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc.
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Communications for Lighting Control
 Microcontrollers enable multiple lighting control options from
local or through network communications
0-10V
ADC
LED
Driver
UART
Microcontroller
DALI
29
SPI
DALI
© 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc.
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DMX512
ZigBee
Module
Powerline
Communication
Module
Intelligent Lighting Control
 Microcontroller enable intelligent lighting control
 Motion detection
 Ambient light sensor
 Time sequencing
Light
sensor
LED
Driver
ADC
PIR
sensor
30
Energy savings
© 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc.
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Timer
for time
sequencing
Microcontroller
SPI
Occupancy
sensor
LED Lighting Standards and Regulations
 U.S. Energy Star
 Power processing:
– Power factor: Residential > 0.70; Commercial > 0.90
 EMI, noise, light output and efficiency
 National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA)
 Recommended performance requirements and test
 For SSL Driver: NEMA SSL-1
 Underwriter Laboratories (UL)
 Independent nonprofit product safety certification organization
 UL8750: “Standard for Lighting Emitting Diode (LED) Light Sources for Use in
Lighting Products”
 American National Standard Institute (ANSI)
 Official US representative to International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
 For SSL Drivers: Working group ANSI C82-04
 Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA)
 Professional organization to improve the lighted environment
31
© 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc.
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Electronic Driver Solutions for LED Lights
32
© 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc.
All rights reserved.
LED Lighting Electronics Driver Solutions
LED
Driver
Lighting
Control
Comm.
Dimming
Control
MCU
Analog LED Driver
Intelligent
Lighting
Control
PFC
LED
Driver
Light sensor
PIR sensor
Occupancy
Sensor
for time
sequencing
33
© 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc.
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Intelligent
Lighting
Control
Renesas
MCU
PFC
Dimming
Control
Lighting
Control
Comm.
0 - 10V
DALI
DMX512
ZigBee
Powerline
Communication
Design Electronics LED Driver with
Renesas Lighting Microcontroller
34
© 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc.
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Renesas LED Lighting Microcontroller Line-Up
High-Current LED
Key Features
Driver MCU (HCD/LED) Integrated 4-channels constant current LED driver
Line-up
 Current drive: 0.35A to 1.5A
UPD78F8025
32 KB Flash
UPD78F8024
 Buck or boost topology
 1 MHz switching frequency
 9 – 38VDC input voltage
 Protection circuit (over-current, over/under-voltage, thermal)
8 KB Flash
Flash memory for
communication protocol
(PLC, Wireless)
UPD168804/30
LED Driver only
78K0/Ix2 MCU
Line-up
78K0/IB2
8KB-16KB, 30-/32-pin
78K0/IA2
8KB-16KB, 20-pin
78K0/IY2
4KB-16KB, 16-pin
35
© 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc.
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Multiple channels of LEDs for
multi-color and simultaneous
LED channels
Key Features






Fast (40MHz) 16-bit inverter control timers
Analog comparators (3-ch) w/ int. Vref (1.6V divided by 32)
Analog digital converters (9-ch 10-bit ADC)
Op-amp (1-ch)
Hardware DALI interface
Operating temperature: -40C to 105C
Combination of 40 MHz 16-bit PWM + Analog comparator:
• Power factor correction (0.99)
• Constant high-current drive
• 8-bit timer for dimming control
Renesas LED Lighting MCU
Easy to Design
Power Factor
Correction
• Development tools,
reference designs
High
Temperature
Support
• HCD/LED MCU have integrated
4-channels LED driver
• 78K0/Ix2 have fast PWM timers
and analog comparators to
implement
Renesas
Lighting MCU
• 78K0/Ix2: -40 to 105C
Protection
Circuit
• HCD/LED MCU have overcurrent, over-voltage, undervoltage and thermal detection
circuits
36
© 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc.
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Constant
Current Drive
Intelligent
Lighting Control
• Interface to sensor (using 10bit ADC)
• Sequencing on-off based on
time (using timers)
Dimming
Control
• 8-bit or 16-bit resolution
• 0-10V, DALI, DMX512, TRIAC,
ZigBee, Powerline
Network Lighting
Control
• DALI interface
• DMX512 (using UART)
• 0-10V (using 10-bit ADC)
• ZigBee (add ZigBee module
through SPI or UART)
• Powerline (add powerline
controller or module through
SPI or UART)
Renesas 78K0 LED Lighting MCU: Applications
White LED Light/
Light Bulb
Multi-Color Light
78K0/Ix2
HCD/LED
MCU
White Outdoor
Illumination
White Light
Commercial Displays
37
© 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc.
All rights reserved.
LED Street Light
Implementation of Dimmable LED Driver
with Renesas 78K0/Ix2 Microcontroller
Triac Output
Bridge
Rectifier
Triac
Conduction
Angle Detect
38
© 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc.
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Power Factor Correction
(PFC)
78K0/IB2
Buck Constant Current
LED Driver
To LEDs
Dimmable LED Driver with 78K0/Ix2
PFC Boost Converter
DC/DC Buck Converter
DC BUS
Rectified
AC Input
LED
L
T2
T1
TMX0
CMP2+
39
© 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc.
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Dimming
Interlock
78K0/Ix2
TM00
TI000
TMX1
A/D
Interlock
Internal
Vref
Triac
angle
decoder
TMX10
ANI0
Zero current
detection
TMX00
LED Current
Sensing
TMH1
CMP0+
Internal
Vref
Active CRM Power Factor Correction
PFC Boost Converter
DC BUS
Rectified, unfiltered
AC voltage
Average AC current
Critical
Conduction
Mode
T1
Zero current
detection
ANI0
TMX00
(CRM)
TMX0
Interlock
CMP2+
Internal
Vref
Triac
angle
decoder
40
A/D
© 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc.
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TX0CR0
(PFC-on
pulse width)
78K0/Ix2
TM00
TI000
TMX00
(PFC output)
TX0CR1
(PFC-off
pulse width)
CMP2+
(Zero current
detection)
Question 1
 What PFC method is used in the Renesas Triac dimmable
LED drive?
41
A.
Passive PFC
B.
Active PFC in Discontinuous Conduction Mode (DCM)
C.
Active PFC in Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM)
D.
Active PFC in Critical Conduction Mode (CRM)
© 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc.
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Constant Current DC/DC Buck Converter
DC/DC Buck Converter
DC BUS
LED
L
T2
Inductor current
LED Current
Sensing
Average LED
current
Internal
Vref
TMX10
Current Sense
Input
(CMP0+)
78K0/Ix2
Internal CMP
output
TMX1
Dimming
Interlock
PWM output
(TMX10
CMP0+
TMH1
42
Internal
Vref
© 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc.
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Ton
Toff
Question 2
 What method of current regulation is used in the buck
converter?
A. Constant current control by software
B. Constant current control by internal hardware comparator
C. Constant current control by external hardware.
43
© 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc.
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Dimmable LED Light Reference Design
Replacement/ Retrofit to LED Light for Indoor, Outdoor and Display
 Dimmable LED Reference Design
 Electronics driver LED lights
 AC-DC Conversion
 AC Voltage Input
– 85-277VAC
 Power Factor Correction
– >0.95
 Constant Current HB-LED
Drive
– One-channel up to 20W
 TRIAC Dimming
 Programmability
– 78K0/Ix2 Flash-based
MCU
85-277VAC
44
© 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc.
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Dimmable LED Light Reference Design
Output: 20-65VDC,
350mA
LEDLED+
L
N
Input: 85-277VAC
45
© 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc.
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Innovation
Drive LEDs
Powerline
Communication
Time Sequencing
Light
Sensor
Wireless (ZigBee)
DMX512 Console
Motion
Detector
DALI Controller
TRIAC Dimmer
46
© 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc.
All rights reserved.
AC-Powered
Questions?
47
© 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc.
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Thank You!
48
© 2010 Renesas Electronics America, Inc.
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Renesas Electronics America Inc.