Download Noninfectious Diseases

NONINFECTIOUS DISEASES
BODY SYSTEMS AND NONINFECTIOUS
DISEASE
Structural Organization of an organism
-Atoms –
-Molecules – groups of atoms
-cells – simplest unit of living organism
-tissue – group of similar cells
-organs – two or more tissues working together
-body systems – group of organs working together
-organism – group of body systems working together
BODY SYSTEMS
• Circulatory system (heart)
• Respiratory system (lungs)
• Nervous system (brain)
• Endocrine system
• Digestive system
• Urinary system
• Skeletal system
• Muscular system
• Integumentary system (skin)
NONINFECTIOUS DISEASE
• A disease not caused by a virus or living
organism 322
Cause of disease
example
Organ or system affected
Congenital (present at birth
Cleft lip
Mouth
Hereditary
Cystic fibrosis
Respiratory/digestive
Accident
Brain injury
Brain
Nutritional defect
Iron deficiency
Blood/all systems
Metabolic disorder
diabetes
Endocrine system
cancer
leukemia
Blood
Immune defect (allergy)
asthma
Respiratory;eyes;skin
Multiple causes
High blood pressure
Heart; circulatory
SKELETAL SYSTEM
Functions
-protect body organs
-support the body
-makes blood
-stores fat
-allows movement of the body
STRUCTURES OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM
Bone – organ of the skeletal system
Bone marrow
-tissue in the bone
-makes blood cells
-stores fat
Joints – where two bones meet
-allow movement of the body
JOINTS
Ligaments – attach bone to bone
Tendons – attach muscle to bone
MUSCULAR SYSTEM
• Functions
• Movement
• Stability and support
• Heat
TYPES OF MUSCLE
• Skeletal
• Attached to bone
• Causes movement
• Smooth
• Internal organs
• Cardiac
• Heart muscle
MOVEMENT
• Contraction – muscle shortens and pulls the
bone
• Two muscles needed for movement
(antagonistic pairs)
NONINFECTIOUS DISEASE
• Muscular Dystrophy
• Inherited
• Muscles gradually become weak
• No cures
NONINFECTIOUS DISEASE
• Muscle strain
• Torn or overstretched muscle
• Ice/heat
• accident
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Structures in the circulatory System
Heart
Blood vessels
Arteries
Veins
capillaries
blood
HEART
• Muscular pump with four chambers
•
•
•
•
•
Right atrium (plural – atria)
Left atrium
Right ventricle
Left ventricle
Valves live b/t the atria and the ventricles to keep
blood from flowing backward
PATHWAY OF BLOOD
1. Body (oxygen poor blood)
2.Right atrium
3.Right ventricle
4.Lungs (picks up oxygen)
5.Left atrium (oxygen rich blood)
6.Left ventricle
7.Out to the body (including the heart)
lungs
1. Right Atrium
2. Right ventricle
3.Left atrium
4.left ventricle
Body
HAPPY DAYS VIDEO
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gIXcWE0bTwY
HEART DISEASE
• Any condition that affects the heart’s ability to pump blood
Heart attack – not enough blood to the heart muscle – does
not pump well.
Signs and Symptoms
 Chest pain radiating to the arm, neck, or jaw
Nausea, weakness
Short of breath, fainting, lightheaded, fear (anxiety)
Rapid, weak, or irregular pulse
PULSE
1.Use your first two fingers to find the
pulse on the thumb side of the wrist
2.Count the pulse for thirty seconds
3.Multiply that number by 2
*FYI – you can also find the pulse in the temple, the neck, the elbow, and
the foot.
HEART FAILURE
• Slowly develops as heart muscle gets weaker
• Cannot pump enough blood
• Caused by:
• High blood pressure (hypertension)
• Heart attack
• Congenital defect
CONGENITAL DISORDERS
Any disease or abnormality present at birth but is not
inherited.
Congenital heart disease
• Hole in the heart
• Heart valves
Heart Attack
Heart Failure
- The heart muscle does not receive enough
blood and part of it dies.
-The heart muscle gradually gets too weak to pump
blood to the rest of the body
Cause:
-arteries that carry blood to the heart are
blocked
Cause:
-congenital defect
-severe heart attack
-high blood pressure
Signs/symptoms
-chest pain radiating to left arm, neck, or jaw
-difficulty breathing
-irregular heart beat
-pale skin
-nausea/vomiting
Signs/symptoms
-constant shortness of breath
-swelling of the legs
-weight gain
FIGHTING HEART DISEASE
• Prevention is the key – start now!!!!!!!
• Diet
• Exercise
• Weight control
• No smoking
BLOOD VESSELS
• Arteries – carry blood away from the heart
• Veins – carry blood toward the heart
• Capillaries – tiny – connect arteries with veins
(tissue perfusion)
HYPERTENSION (326)
• AKA high blood pressure
• Pressure in arteries is too high
Causes:
• Damages:
•
•
•
•
Arteries
heart
Kidneys
brain
High Sodium
Cholesterol build up
Diabetes
BLOOD COMPOSITION
• Plasma – liquid part of blood
• Red blood cells (erythrocytes) – carry oxygen
(hemoglobin)
• White blood cells (Leukocytes) – fight infection
• Platelets (thrombocytes) – plug leaks in blood
vessels (clot) – not true cells
BLOOD DISEASES
• Anemia – not enough RBC
(What is the problem?)
– not enough oxygen for the cells
•
•
•
•
Body doesn’t produce enough (aplastic)
Blood loss - accident/injury (hemorrhagic)
Not enough iron in the diet (iron deficiency)
Defective red blood cells (sickle cell)
BLOOD DISEASES
• White Blood Cells (problem?)
• Not enough WBC
• – medication destroys the cells
• Leukemia – cancer of the blood
• - Too many - immature
BLOOD DISEASES
• Platelets
• Too few (problem?)
• Bruise or bleed easily
• Too many (problem?)
• Blood clots form
QUESTIONS
1.What are the parts of the circulatory system?
2.Describe the pathway of blood through the heart?
3.Describe two noninfectious diseases of the
circulatory system.
4.Define congenital disorder.
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
• Respiration – breathing – take in oxygen and dump carbon
dioxide and water
• Structures of the respiratory System
• Nose
-Voice box
• Mouth
-trachea
• Throat
-lungs
RESPIRATION
1.Air enters through mouth or nose
2.Trachea – divides in two
3.Bronchi (lungs)
4.Bronchioles – smaller tubes
5.Alveoli – air sacs (Here oxygen
enters the blood stream)
RESPIRATIONS
• Controlled by the brain
• Diaphragm – muscle between chest and abdomen
• Non infectious diseases
• Interfere with airflow
• Affect the muscles that help you breathe
RESPIRATORY DISEASES
Asthma
-caused by allergies
-bronchioles tube become narrow
-S/S – Short of breath
-wheezing
-coughing
*Straw exercise
RESPIRATORY DISEASES
Emphysema
-Caused by smoking
- Alveoli are damaged
S/S
-Shortness of breath
-barrel chest
NERVOUS SYSTEM
-Control center of the body
Two main parts of the Nervous System
Central Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
• Brain
• Cerebrum
• Cerebellum
• brainstem
• Spinal Cord
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
• All the nerves outside of the spinal cord
• Two main parts of the peripheral nervous system
• Somatic nervous system
• You can control (muscles, bones, skin)
• Autonomic nervous system
• You cannot control (pulse, blood pressure, digestion)
NONINFECTIOUS DISEASES
• Brain Tumors
• Alzheimer’s disease – progressive memory loss (thinking,
memory, and behavior)
• Concussion – brain injury
• Spinal cord injury
BRAIN INJURY
• Can damage brain cells
• Affects ability to think, move, remember, or speak
• Long-term - The injury can build up and affect personality
and mood
SPINAL CORD INJURY
• Stops messages from travelling between the body and the
brain (paralysis)
• Age 16-30 account for 55% of all spinal cord injuries
• Kevin Everett video
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
• Network of glands throughout the body
• Use chemicals to control body function
• Endocrine gland – group of cells that produce hormones
• Hormones – chemicals that regulate body function
Glands in the Endocrine System
Hormone produced/action
Pituitary Gland (brain – master gland)
Growth hormone
Thyroid Gland (neck)
Thyroid hormone (growth and metabolism)
Parathyroid gland (on the thyroid gland)
Parathyroid hormone (calcium metabolism)
Pancreas (abdomen – under the stomach)
Insulin (sugar metabolism)
Adrenal gland (kidneys)
Hormones for salt metabolism/sex hormones/fightor-flight reaction
Testes
Male sexual-development hormones
Ovaries
Female sexual –development hormones
Metabolism – all processes by which your body
breaks down food and converts it to energy
DIABETES
Type 1 Diabetes – body does not produce insulin
insulin – hormone – allows cells to use glucose
(illustration)
*people with type 1 diabetes are usually
diagnosed in childhood.
DIABETES
Type 2 Diabetes – body makes insulin but cannot use it
properly.
-usually starts over age 40
-obesity
-Lack of exercise
***healthy diet and exercise can prevent or control type 2
diabetes
DIABETES
S/S – excessive thirst; excessive appetite; urinating
frequently; fatigue; sweet smell to the breath; high
blood sugar
Long term effects
*kidney failure, blindness, high blood pressure,
neuropathy, heart disease
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
• Breaks down food to be used by the cells
Structures of the DS
Mouth
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine (colon)
Rectum
anus
1. Mouth – begins digestion (break down of food)
2. Stomach – Continues digestive process
3. Small intestine – digestion is completed – food is
absorbed into the blood stream
4. Large intestine – water is absorbed into the blood
stream
5. Anus – solid waste passes out of the body
DIGESTIVE ENZYMES
- proteins that break down food (carbohydrates,
protein, fat)
-Mouth, stomach, and small intestine produce
enzymes
-liver produces bile – breaks down fat
-pancreas produces enzymes (carbs, fat, and protein)
CELIAC DISEASE
• Makes the body allergic to gluten
• Gluten – wheat, rye, and barley
• damages the lining of the small intestine so food
cannot be absorbed
• Must avoid gluten
CROHN’S DISEASE
Attacks the lining of the intestines
• S/S
•
•
•
•
•
Diarrhea
Cramps
Fever
Weight loss
Blood in stool (feces)
STOMACH CANCER
Increased Risk:
1. Alcohol abuse
2. Tobacco abuse
3. Diet high in smoked food and salted fish
4. Diet low in fiber and high in starch
CRITICAL THINKING
Why would diseases such as celiac disease or
Crohn’s disease affect the health of the entire
body even though they are diseases of the
digestive system?
URINARY SYSTEM
Structures of the urinary system
Two kidneys
Two ureters
Bladder
urethra
KIDNEYS AND WASTE REMOVAL
• Nephrons - filtering units
• Collect waste products and water from the
blood
• Urine - waste and water combined
• Kidneys – ureters – bladder – urethra (path of
urine)
URINARY DISEASES
Kidney Disease
- Nephrons are damaged
- Hypertension; diabetes are main causes
- Treatment:
-diet, medication
- dialysis (severe)
SKIN, BONES, MUSCLE
Tissue – 4 basic types
-Epithelial tissue
-skin and lining of the stomach
-Nervous tissue
-brain and nerves
-Muscle tissue
-muscles
-Connective tissue
-bones, ligament, tendons
Skin (integument)
-covering for your body
-receives signals – pain, touch, temperature
-sends signals to the brain
Muscles
-make movement possible
-controlled by nerves and brain
Bones
-solid – proteins, minerals, connective tissue
-blood vessels deliver nutrients inside bone
-provide stability
-protect organs
-red bone marrow (center of the bone)–
forms blood cells
NONINFECTIOUS DISEASES
*Skin is first line of defense against diseases*
Skin cancer – caused by sun exposure
Osteoporosis – brittle bones
-usually older people
-lack of calcium and vitamin D in the diet
Muscular Dystrophy
-group of inherited muscle diseases
-muscles gradually become weak
-no cure