Download Classification of Living Things

CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS
UNIT 4 LESSON 1
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I. CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS
A. WHY CLASSIFY?
1. To organize the millions of living things on the Earth to make it easier to study
them
2. Scientists classify livings things based on characteristics that they share
3. Physical characteristics
• skeletal structure
• development from egg to adult
4. Chemical characteristics
• similarities in DNA & RNA
• similar gene sequences
• similar proteins and hormones
B. SCIENTIFIC NAMES
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1. 1700’s Carolus Linnaeus simplified the naming of living things by giving
them a two part name that all scientists used around the world
2. Species= a group of organisms that are so closely related that they can
mate and produce offspring that are fertile (can have babies)
• second part of the name and is lower case
• “specific” name
3. Genus= group of similar species
• first part of the scientific name
• name is capitalized
4. Felis concolor = puma or mountian lion or “Felis catus”= house cats
C. LEVELS OF CLASSIFICATION
1. Taxonomy= the science of describing, classifying and naming living things
2. The first classification was just plants or animals
3. today there are 8 levels of classification that begin very general and move to
the most specific
• Domain
• Kingdom
• Phylum
• Class
• Order
• Family
• Genus
• Species
II. THREE DOMAINS
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A. BACTERIA
1. Domain= represents the largest differences among organisms
2. Bacteria contains prokaryotes that usually have a cell wall and reproduce
by cell division (binary fission)
3. Live in almost all environments= even you
4. Can be helpful or harmful
B. ARCHAEA
1. Archaea includes prokaryotes that reproduce by cell division (binary
fission) but differ from bacteria in the makeup of their cell walls
2. Many live in harsh environments that we could not be alive in
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Thermophiles= “heat lovers”
Halophiles= “salt lovers”
extremophiles= “extreme climates”
methanogens= methane producers that live in the guts of animals
C. EUKARYA
1. Domain Eukarya is made of all organisms with a nucleus and membrane
bound organelles in their cells
2. Can be single-celled but most are multicellular
• Kingdom Protists (Protista) https://youtu.be/UOfY26qdbU0
• Kingdom Fungi
https://youtu.be/70LA0mijzCM
• Kingdom Plants (Plantae)
https://youtu.be/ofxCVJvHqj0
• Kingdom Animals (Animalia)
III. Four Kingdoms of the Domain Eukarya
A. Kingdom Protista
1. Protists= single-celled or multicellular organisms
https://youtu.be/UOfY26qdbU0
2. Very diverse group
3. plant-like= autotrophs (algae)
4. animal-like= heterotrophs (amoeba)
5. fungus-like= heterotrophs (slime molds)
6. Reproduces asexually and sexually
B. KINGDOM PLANTAE
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1. Multicellular autotrophic organisms
2. Have a cell wall
3. Found on land and water
4. Reproduces sexually and asexually
C. Kingdom Fungi
https://youtu.be/70LA0mijzCM
1. Heterotrophs with cell walls containing chitin
2. DO not have chloroplasts= do not
photosynthesize
3. Reproduce sexually and asexually
4. Decompose materials around them
D. KINGDOM ANIMALIA
1. Multicellular, lack cell walls,
heterotrophic organisms
2. Specialized sense organs
3. Most reproduce sexually (some
bud)
VI. REPRESENTING RELATIONSHIPS
A. CLADOGRAM
1. Cladogram= shows relationships among species
2. Organisms are grouped according to common characteristics
B. DICHOTOMOUS KEYS
1. Dichotomous keys= use paired
statements to identify organisms
2. Look at physical characteristics that are
different