Download Name - and US History NFA Mr Joyce Dr J

H013. - 007
… Review for Test: Age of Exploration & Latin America
Name: _________________________________________________
Review: "Test Preparation" Age of Exploration & Latin America
DATE: WED. 21 MAY 2014
Global History I H
1. The landform that has been a barrier to cultural and economic development in Latin America is
1. cordilleras/Andes
2. llanos
3. estuaries
4. mestizos
2. The varied climate and topography of Latin America have directly led to
1. the deforestation of the region.
3. overpopulation in rural areas.
2. the development of many diverse cultures.
4. rapid political unification.
3. Which group of people would most likely support land reform programs in present-day Latin America?
1. peasants and owners of small farms
3. military leaders
2. wealthy landowners
4. owners of large businesses
4. A direct result of the voyages of Christopher Columbus was
1. a decrease in exploration by European nations
2. an exchange of goods and ideas between the Americas and the rest of the world
3. the end of missionary work in the Americas
4. the growth of democracy throughout the Americas
5. The Crusades led to the Age of Exploration because
1. Europeans sought new trade routes to obtain Asian goods.
2. the Catholic Church gained permanent control of the Holy Land.
3. Europeans wanted to learn about other cultures.
4. kings sent returning soldiers to conquer new lands.
6. Which geographic feature of Latin America attracted both the Spanish conquistadors such as Hernando Cortez and Francisco
Pizarro in the 16th century, and industrial manufactures in the 20th century?
1. the Straits of Magellan 2. a varied climate
3. mineral resources
4. rainforests
7. Which primary source would most likely provide a Latin American perspective rather than a European perspective on history?
1. a journal written by a Spanish missionary
2. an eyewitness account by a follower of Emiliano Zapata in the Mexican Revolution
3. a painting of the city of Rio de Janeiro done by a Portuguese merchant
4. a letter from Hernando Cortés about his conquest of the Aztecs to the King of Spain
8. Which group has traditionally held political power in Latin America?
1. landowners and military leaders
2. peasant farmers and union leaders
3. scientists and city dwellers
4. factory workers and intellectuals
9. In Latin America during the early period of Spanish colonialism, the deaths of large numbers
of native people led to
1. a decline in Spanish immigration to the Americas
3. the importation of slaves from Africa
2. the removal of most Spanish troops from the Americas
4. improved health care in the colonies
10. Which group of people would most likely support land reform programs in present-day Latin America?
1. peasants and owners of small farms
3. military leaders
2. wealthy landowners
4. owners of large businesses
11. Which characteristic was common to ancient civilizations in Egypt, Sumer, China, and Mexico?
1. monotheist religion
3. influence of European cultures
2. written forms of communication
4. nomadic lifestyle
12. A lasting impact of the pre-Columbian civilizations (Mayan, Aztec, and Incan) of Latin America was that these cultures
1. influenced art and architecture of later societies.
2. encouraged social mobility through education.
3. developed a complex system of trade with Europe.
4. developed the first representative democracies in Latin America.
13. Which statement describes an impact that the Columbian Exchange had on the lives of Europeans?
(1) The transfer of new products and ideas encouraged economic growth.
(2) New diseases were brought to Europe and resulted in massive deaths caused by a plague.
(3) Native Americans immigrated to Europe and competed with Europeans for jobs.
(4) Cross-cultural contacts between South America and Asia declined.
1
H013. - 007
… Review for Test: Age of Exploration & Latin America
14. The Panama Canal and Suez Canal are
1. deserts
2. archipelagos
3. strategic chokepoints
4. capitals of countries
15. In what year did Christopher Columbus sail to, and reach, the Western Hemisphere ?
1.
476 AD
2.
800 AD
3.
1095 AD 4.
1492 (AD)
16. A study of the cultures of the Incas, Aztecs, and Mayas in Latin America shows that these civilizations were
1. industrialized, urban, democratic societies
2. hunting-and-gathering societies that often moved in search of food
3. well-organized societies with strong religious influences
4. primitive societies with no written communication
17. Which statement provides the best evidence that Spain was the dominant colonial power in Latin America?
1. Spain and Mexico continue to use the same currency.
2. Spain continues to provide military support for Latin America.
3. Spanish is the principal language spoken in most of Latin America.
4. Argentina elects representatives to the legislature of Spain.
18. The encomienda system in Latin America was a direct result of the
(1) Crusades
(2) Age of Exploration
(3) Reformation
(4) Age of Reason
19. Which of the following groups are known as "Pre-Columbian" civilizations ?
1. Palestinians, Hebrews, Jordanians
3. Mongols, Tartars, Huns
2. Zulu, Xhosa, Bantu
4. Incas, Aztecs, Mayas
20. A study of the Maya, Aztec, and Inca civilizations of Latin America would show that these civilizations
1. developed advanced and complex societies before the arrival of the Europeans
2. established extensive trade with Pacific Rim nations
3. were strongly influenced by their contact with Asian and African civilizations
4. were relatively large, but not well organized
21. Throughout history, people have lived on savannas, in deserts, in mountains, along river valleys, along coastlines, and on islands.
This statement demonstrates that people
(1) adapt their surroundings
(3) organize similar forms of government
(2) develop a common language
(4) prefer to live in isolated areas
22. Which statement best describes the concept of mercantilism?
(1) Universal suffrage leads to educated citizens.
(2) Controlling trade is a key to increasing power.
(3) Only the fittest deserve to survive.
(4) Strict social control prevents revolutions.
23. A study of Aztec, Maya, and Inca agricultural systems would show that these civilizations
(1) relied on mechanized agricultural techniques
(2) carried on extensive food trade with each other
(3) adapted to their environments with creative farming techniques
(4) relied on a single-crop economy
24. The Gupta civilization (4th-6th centuries) and the Maya civilization (4th-l0th centuries) were similar in that both
(1) built temple complexes and developed the concept of zero
(2) eliminated standing armies and introduced an aristocracy
(3) developed early democratic systems
(4) were conquered by European imperialists
25.
Which is a characteristic of most traditional societies?
1. Cultural diffusion leads to a strong sense of nationalism.
2. Families in rural areas tend to be smaller than those in urban areas.
3. Change is quickly accepted at all levels of society.
4. Religious beliefs and social organization are closely related.
26.
Which is a characteristic of most traditional societies?
1. Cultural diffusion leads to a strong sense of nationalism.
2. Families in rural areas tend to be smaller than those in urban areas.
3. Change is quickly accepted at all levels of society.
4. Religious beliefs and social organization are closely related.
2
H013. - 007
27.
28.
… Review for Test: Age of Exploration & Latin America
Imperialism means
1. eating foreign foods.
2. giving food to another country.
3. using computers to communicate.
4. taking over a country for your own benefit.
In traditional societies, large families are seen as providing
1. social mobility.
2. labor and income.
3. educational opportunities.
4. progress in industry.
29.
In a particular society, farmers grow only enough food to feed their own families. This situation is an example of
1. subsistence farming
2. the hacienda system
3. cash-crop agriculture
4. diversification
30.
The Atlantic slave trade is an example of
1. animism.
2. democracy.
3. genocide.
Historians writing about slavery could accurately state that it
1. was first introduced in Europe.
2. was limited to areas of the Western Hemisphere.
3. seems to have existed in some form since early times.
4. has been abolished for many centuries in all nations.
In what general direction would fly from New York to Peru?
1. North
2. South
3. East
4. West
In what general direction would fly from Mexico to Cuba?
1. North
2. South
3. East
4. West
In what general direction would fly from Florida to Cuba?
1. North
2. South
3. East
4. West
31.
32.
33.
34.
4. theocracy.
35. Which was an immediate result of the European Age of Exploration?
1. Islamic culture spread across Africa and Asia.
2. European influence spread to the Western Hemisphere.
3. Independence movements developed in Asia and Africa.
4. Military dictatorships were established throughout Europe.
36. Which of these events during the Age of Exploration was a cause of the other three?
1. Europeans brought food, animals, and ideas from one continent to another.
2. European diseases had an adverse effect on the native populations of new territories.
3. Warfare increased as European nations competed for land and power.
4. Advances in learning and technology made long ocean voyages possible.
37. The Crusades indirectly contributed to the discovery of the New World by
1. forcing the religious conversion of the Muslim population
2. forcing the Turks to flee from Constantinople
3. stimulating European demand for goods from the East
4. increasing the power of feudal lords
38. During the 1500s, technological advances in navigation, naval engineering, and mapmaking contributed directly to the start of the
1. Gupta Empire
2. Mongol Empire
3. Age of Exploration
4. Medieval guilds
39. Which statement best illustrates the concept of European mercantilism during the Age of Exploration?
1. England encouraged free trade among its colonies.
2. Spain reduced exports to its South American colonies.
3. Spain and Portugal sought trade benefits from their colonial possessions.
4. France refused to give financial support to weak national industries.
40. The encomienda system in Latin America was a direct result of the
1. Crusades
2. Age of Exploration
3. Reformation
4. Age of Reason
41. What is an “encomienda”?
42. An “encomienda” is ______________________________________________________________________
43. The Age of Exploration led directly to the
1. establishment of European colonies
2. invention of the magnetic compass
3. start of the Puritan Revolution
4. failure of the Congress of Vienna
3
H013. - 007
… Review for Test: Age of Exploration & Latin America
44. Which geographic feature of Spain and Portugal most enhanced their ability to engage in exploration?
1. peninsular location on the European continent
3. mountainous region
2. extensive river system
4. fertile plain
45. The journeys of Vasco da Gama, Bartholomew Dias, and Christopher Columbus became possible in the late 1400s because of the
1. support of exploration by the English government
2. trade connections established by Ibn Battuta
3. effects of the Atlantic slave trade
4. development of new navigational instruments and technology
46. Advances in navigation technology and the desire of Europeans to obtain goods from Asia are most closely associated with the
1. Rise of feudalism
2. Agricultural Revolution
3. Age of Exploration
4. Age of Reason
47. Which statement accurately reflects population changes that occurred as a result of the Age of Exploration?
1. Most Latin American populations became more culturally diverse.
2. One third of Europe’s population died due to exposure to diseases from the Americas.
3. The introduction of goods from the Americas caused a decline in Asian populations.
4. Native Americans migrated to Africa causing increases in African populations.



Vasco da Gama discovered an all-water route from Europe to India.
Ferdinand Magellan’s crew circumnavigated the globe.
Isaac Newton defined the forces of gravity.
48. These events relate most directly to
1. revised understandings of natural surroundings
3. questioning the benefits of the mercantile system
2. increased suspicion between different religions
4. development of new manufacturing techniques
49. The Aztec use of the calendar and the Maya writing system both illustrate that pre-Columbian cultures in the Americas
1. traded extensively with Africa
3. flourished prior to European contact
2. declined because of invasion and disease
4. converted others to Islam
50. Which factor most influenced the development of diverse cultures in pre-Columbian South America?
1. trade agreements
3. geographic features
2. imported religious ideas
4. peasant revolts
51. The global transfer of foods, plants, and animals during the colonization of the Americas is known as the
1. Scientific Revolution
3. Columbian Exchange
2. New Imperialism
4. Middle Passage
52. The civilizations of the Aztecs, Incas, and Mayas were similar in that all
1. spoke the same language
3. followed a monotheistic religion
2. developed cities and complex governments
4. used a complex system of writing
“The challenges of the Andes helped the Incas develop a thriving civilization.”
53. Based on this statement, what does the author believe?
1. Language and religion are important to national unity.
2. Cultural diversity flourishes in areas of agricultural prosperity.
3. People can overcome the limitations of their environment.
4. Natural resources are necessary for economic independence.
54. An effect of a mountainous topography on Inca and Chinese civilizations was the development of
1. Industrialization
3. single-crop economy
2. desalinization projects
4. terrace farming
55. One similarity between the Mongols of Central Asia and the Incas of South America was that both societies
1. developed cash-crop farming
3. based their wealth on the slave trade
2. adapted to difficult physical environments
4. practiced monotheistic religions
56. Inca terrace farming and Aztec floating gardens are examples of
1. the ability of civilizations to adapt to their region’s physical geography
2. slash-and-burn farming techniques
3. Mesoamerican art forms symbolizing the importance of agriculture
4. colonial economic policies that harmed Latin American civilizations
4
H013. - 007
… Review for Test: Age of Exploration & Latin America
57. Which statement about the encomienda system during the 16th and 17th centuries is accurate?
1. Aztec and Inca civilizations prospered.
2. Life expectancy among Native American populations increased.
3. Spanish influence declined in its colonies.
4. Many Native Americans were forced to labor on large estates.
58. Which technological advancement helped unify both the Roman and the Inca Empires?
1. Astrolabe
2. road system
3. Gunpowder
4. wheeled carts
59. What was one reason the Spanish conquistadors were able to conquer the Aztec Empire?
1. The Spanish soldiers made effective use of their military technology against the Aztecs.
2. Aztec religious beliefs promoted nonviolence.
3. Spain joined the Incas in their fight against the Aztecs.
4. The Spanish cavalry outnumbered the Aztec warriors.
60. What was a significant effect of the Columbian exchange?
1. The Aztec conquered a vast empire.
2. Potatoes were introduced into the diet of some Europeans.
3. Prince Henry the Navigator established a school for sailors.
4. China closed its borders to foreigners.
61. Who was the Columbian Exchange named after?
___________________________________________
62. Which phrase best completes the partial outline below?
I. Achievements of the Incas
A. _____________________________
B. Kept records using quipus
C. Built stone structures without using mortar
1. Cast bronze statues
2. Created a system of terrace farming
3. Invented a foot stirrup
4. Developed chariots
63. Which factor most influenced the development of diverse cultures in pre-Columbian South America?
1. trade agreements
3. geographic features
2. imported religious ideas
4. peasant revolts
64. Which was an immediate result of the European Age of Exploration?
1. Islamic culture spread across Africa and Asia.
2. European influence spread to the Western Hemisphere.
3. Independence movements developed in Asia and Africa.
4. Military dictatorships were established throughout Europe.
65. Which of these events during the Age of Exploration was a cause of the other three?
1. Europeans brought food, animals, and ideas from one continent to another.
2. European diseases had an adverse effect on the native populations of new territories.
3. Warfare increased as European nations competed for land and power.
4. Advances in learning and technology made long ocean voyages possible.
66. The Crusades indirectly contributed to the discovery of the New World by
1. forcing the religious conversion of the Muslim population
2. forcing the Turks to flee from Constantinople
3. stimulating European demand for goods from the East
4. increasing the power of feudal lords
67. During the 1500s, technological advances in navigation, naval engineering, and mapmaking contributed directly to the start of the
1. Gupta Empire
2. Mongol Empire
3. Age of Exploration
4. Medieval guilds
68. Which statement best illustrates the concept of European mercantilism during the Age of Exploration?
1. England encouraged free trade among its colonies.
2. Spain reduced exports to its South American colonies.
3. Portugal sought trade benefits from its colonial possessions.
4. France refused to give financial support to weak national industries.
5
H013. - 007
… Review for Test: Age of Exploration & Latin America
69. The encomienda system in Latin America was a direct result of the
1. Crusades
2. Age of Exploration
3. Reformation
4. Age of Reason
70. During the 15th century, which two European countries began sea voyages of exploration?
1. Germany and Italy
3. Portugal and Spain
2. England and France
4. Russia and the Netherlands
71. The Age of Exploration led directly to the
1. establishment of European colonies
2. invention of the magnetic compass
3. start of the Puritan Revolution
4. failure of the Congress of Vienna
72. The journeys of Vasco da Gama, Bartholomew Dias, and Christopher Columbus became possible in the late 1400s because of the
1. support of exploration by the English government
2. trade connections established by Ibn Battuta
3. effects of the Atlantic slave trade
4. development of new navigational instruments and technology
73. Advances in navigation technology and the desire of Europeans to obtain goods from Asia are most closely associated with the
1. rise of feudalism
3. Agricultural Revolution
2. Age of Exploration
4. Age of Reason
74. Which statement accurately reflects population changes that occurred as a result of the Age of Exploration?
1. Most Latin American populations became more culturally diverse.
2. One third of Europe’s population died due to exposure to diseases from the Americas.
3. The introduction of goods from the Americas caused a decline in Asian populations.
4. Native Americans migrated to Africa causing increases in African populations.



Vasco da Gama discovered an all-water route from Europe to India.
Ferdinand Magellan’s crew circumnavigated the globe.
Isaac Newton defined the forces of gravity.
75. These events relate most directly to
1. revised understandings of natural surroundings
2. questioning the benefits of the mercantile system
3. increased suspicion between different religions
4. development of new manufacturing techniques
76. Which statement best describes the economy in Latin America during colonial times?
1. Little direct trade existed between Latin American and European nations.
2. European nations practiced a mercantilistic system in Latin America.
3. Few Latin Americans were interested in economic development.
4. The United States greatly influenced economic decision making in Latin America.
77. During the Latin American colonial period, political and economic power in most colonies under Spanish rule was held primarily by
1. parties representing workers and peasants
2. people who were born in Spain and their descendants
3. Indian tribal leaders
4. people of mixed Indian and Spanish ancestry
78. Which generalization about the geography of Latin America is accurate?
1. Geographic features prevented foreign imperialism.
2. Harsh climatic conditions have prevented the development of large-scale agriculture.
3. The lack of geographic barriers facilitated the development of transportation and communication systems.
4. Great variations in latitude and land forms resulted in a diversity of climates.
79. Which was a characteristic of the policy of mercantilism followed by Spanish colonial rulers in Latin America?
1. The colonies were forced to develop local industries to support themselves.
2. Spain sought trade agreements between its colonies and the English colonies in North America.
3. The colonies were required to provide raw materials to Spain and to purchase Spanish manufactured goods.
4. Spain encouraged the colonies to develop new political systems to meet colonial needs.
80. Which statement best describes a result of the scarcity of native Indian labor in Latin America during the colonial period?
1. Unskilled laborers were imported from Asia.
2. Many people from Spain and Portugal immigrated to the region.
3. Native American Indians from the British colonies went south to work.
4. Large numbers of African slaves were imported.
6
H013. - 007
… Review for Test: Age of Exploration & Latin America
81. Spain’s colonial policy of mercantilism affected the development of Latin American nations by promoting
1. the production of raw materials and cash crops
2. free and rapid trade with Africa and Asia
3. respect for the rights of indigenous people
4. isolationism as a response to international political issues
82. The global transfer of foods, plants, and animals during the colonization of the Americas is known as the
1. Scientific Revolution
3. Columbian Exchange
2. New Imperialism
4. Middle Passage




Smallpox outbreak spreads throughout Mexico.
Many Incas convert to Christianity in ceremonies in Lima, Peru.
Spanish and Portuguese are introduced to chocolate, peanuts, tomatoes, and corn.
Cortés brings Aztec gold and silver treasures to Spain.
83. Which situation is illustrated in these statements?
1. empathy of Europeans for Native American Indian civilizations
2. triangular trade and its effects on agrarian economies
3. the relatively high costs of colonialism
4. the impact of contact between different peoples
84. The theory of Social Darwinism was sometimes used to justify
1. the establishment of communist governments in Asia
2. Latin American revolutions in the early 19th century
3. the independence movement in India
4. European imperialism in the late 19th century
85. Which nation had the most influence on the colonization of Latin America in the 1500s?
1. Spain
2. France
3. England
4. Netherlands
86. What was the primary economic policy used by the Spanish with their Latin American colonies?
1. Embargoes
2. Tariffs
3. Boycotts
4. mercantilism
87. Which statement demonstrates a major characteristic of mercantilism in colonial Latin America?
1. Colonies developed local industries to compete with Spain.
2. Spanish colonies traded freely with English colonies.
3. Spain instituted democratic governments in its colonies.
4. Colonies were a source of raw materials for Spain.
88. Which title best completes the partial outline below?
I. ________________________
A. Sugar, tobacco, and cotton to Europe
B. Textiles, rum, and manufactured goods to Africa
C. Enslaved Africans to the Americans
1. Trade Within the Hanseatic League
2. Elements of Triangular Trade
3. Factors of Industrialization
4. Results of the Congress of Vienna
7