Download Ancient Greece I - MrPawlowskisWorldHistoryClass

Ancient Greece I
• 2000 BC to 449 BC
SOL Standards Essential Questions
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How did mountains, seas, islands,
harbors, peninsulas, and straits of the
Aegean Basin shape Greek economic,
social, and political development and
patterns of trade and colonization?
How did mythology help the early
Greek civilization explain the natural
world and the human condition?
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What impact did Greek mythology
have on later civilizations and the
contemporary world?
How did democracy develop in
Athens?
How did Sparta differ from Athens?
Why were wars with Persia
important to the development of
Greek culture?
Location of Greece
• Greek Peninsula in Europe and on Asia Minor
• On the Aegean and Mediterranean Seas
Greek Geography
•Mountainous Terrain
Troy
Athens
Sparta
Macedonia
Aegean Sea
Black Sea
Mediterranean
Sea
Trojan War
• Fought over control over the Dardanelles:
Dardanelles: Strait linking the
Mediterranean (Aegean) and Black Seas
Homer
• Poet credited with composing the epics
The Illiad and The Odyssey
•Epics: narrative
poems celebrating
heroic deeds
•Stories were
passed down orally
The Illiad
• Tells of Trojan War and the warriors
Achilles of Greece and Hector of Troy
The Odyssey
• Tells of Odysseus’ adventures on his ten year
journey home from Troy
Odysseus meets the sirens
City- States
• Mountainous Terrain led to the formation of
independent city-states
The Greek City State
•Polis- city and its surrounding countryside
•Acropolis – high city with temples to the gods
• Model of Athens
The Greek Polis
• Greek cities were designed to
promote civic and commercial
life
Rebuilt Greek Marketplace (Agora)
Greek Trade
• Greece was
dependent on
trade for grain
due to limited
arable
(farmable) land
• Trade spread
Greek culture
Greek Money
• Increased trade led to a switch from
barter to a money economy
Greek Colonies
• Greeks set up colonies around the
Mediterranean due to overpopulation and
the search for arable (farmable) land.
Greek Mythology
• Polytheistic Religion
• Explained natural phenomena, life events
and human qualities
Greek Gods and Goddesses
• Serve as symbols in
and images in Western
literature, art,
monumental
architecture, and
politics
Zeus and Hera
Chief God
God of Thunder
Wife of Zeus
Goddess of Marriage
Apollo and Artemis
• Twins
God of the sun, light,
logic, and music
Goddess of the moon,
hunting, and wild things
Athena and Aphrodite
Goddess of War
and Wisdom
Goddess of Love
Athens
• Developed the world’s first (limited)
democracy
Stages of Athenian
Government
Monarchy
Rule by one person, a
king or queen
Aristocracy
Rule by a small group of
wealthy land owners
Stages of Government
Tyranny
Rule by one person, a
tyrant, who seizes
power
Democracy
Rule by the people
Tyrants
Draco and Solon
• Seized power
• Made laws and
worked for
reforms which
led to
democracy
Draco
• The first Greek legal
code
• Jury system
• Harsh laws – most
crimes punishable
by death
• Began debt slavery
Solon
• Allowed all
citizens to debate
in the assembly
• Allowed all
citizens access to
court system
• Outlawed debt
slavery
Citizens
• Free adult
males (one-fifth
of the
population)
• Women,
foreigners, and
slaves had no
political rights
Slaves
• 1/3 of the people
living in Athens were
slaves
• The labor of slaves
gave many citizens
time to participate in
government.
Slave girl dancing to
entertain guests
Duties of the Citizen
• Citizens of Athens were expected to
participate in government
Public Debate
in Athens
• Citizens
debated laws
before voting on
them
• Citizens were
expected to
skilled public
speakers
Direct Democracy
• Ordinary citizens
were able to
vote on all laws
and other major
decisions and
their votes are
counted directly
Sparta
• Located on the
Island of
Peloponnessus
• Conquered
nearby city-state
and forced the
people to work
for the state
Social Structure
1. Ruling families who
owned the land
2. Free non-citizens
(artisans and
merchants)
3. Helots – peasants;
little more than
slaves.
Spartan Government
Oligarchy
• Oligarchy:
Government ruled
by a few powerful
people
• Council of Elders
• 5 elected ephors
• Assembly of citizens
•Council of Elders
Spartan Society
• Militaristic and
aggressive
• Valued duty,
strength, and
discipline
Persian Wars
• Greece vs. Persian Empire
• 499 – 449 BC
Persian Wars
• The Persian Wars united Athens and
Sparta against the mighty Persian
Empire
Battle at Marathon
• Though heavily outnumbered, Greeks
defeated the Persians
• Pheidippides ran 26 miles to tell Athenians
not to give up their city
Victory at Salamis
• Athenian ships
trapped and
rammed the
Persian fleet in
this narrow strait.
Results of the Persian Wars
• Greece wins and
preserves its
independence
• Athens
experiences a
Golden Age
and continues
innovations in
government and
culture.
Reflection
• The Greek civilization was located on which
of the following bodies of water?
A. Red Sea
B. Nile River
C. Indus River
D. Aegean Sea
• Greek civilization was characterized by
A. polytheistic religion based on mythology.
B. harmony with nature.
C. ancestor worship.
D. caste systems in religious law.