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Air Battles of World War II Pearl Harbour (December 7, 1941) A) –Japan attacked the U.S. Pacific Feet at Pearl Harbour -the first attack was at 7:53am -the second attack was at 8:55am, it was all over by 9:55am -three hours later, Japanese planes began a day-long attack on American facilities in the Philippines B) Japan’s Technology: - Two float planes - Attacking air fleet - High-level bombers, carrying specially converted 16-inch naval shells that could penetrate the armoured deck of a battleship - Modified Japanese aerial torpedoes, allowing them to launch in shallow water U.S.A’s Technology: - Aircraft Carriers - Capital Ships (Battleships) The U.S.A’s aircraft carriers and battleships were the targets of the Japanese. The Japanese destroyed 188 aircraft carriers of the U.S., they sunk seven of their largest warships that were in harbour. C) http://www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/timeline/pearl.htm D) Japan was victorious at the specific attack at Pearl Harbour as they imposed so much damage onto the Pacific Fleet of the U.S. However, the U.S. struck back because they weren’t as crippled from the attack as the Japanese had hoped and were able to recover. This leads to the significance of the attack. E) The attack on Pearl Harbour was significant because the Japanese sprung a surprise attack on the U.S. at their naval port, Pearl Harbour in Hawaii. More than 2400 Americans were killed, 21 ships had either been sunk or damaged and over 188 aircraft were destroyed. Also, this attack led to more significant events. - April 1942: U.S. launched “Doolittle Raid” on Tokyo (retaliation on Japan) June 1942: U.S. Navy won decisive victory over Imperial Japanese Navy in Battle of Midway. Bibliography "Attack at Pearl Harbor, 1941," EyeWitness to History, www.eyewitnesstohistory.com (1997). Burbeck, James. “Pearl Harbour: A World War 2 Summary”. The Wartimes Journal. 2003. Web. Dec 12, 2012. http://www.wtj.com/articles/pearl_harbor/ Newburyport Daily News. “Pearl Harbor Reminds us of our Nation’s Strength”. Daily News. Dec 7, 2012. Web. Dec 12, 2012. http://www.newburyportnews.com/opinion/x520557864/Pearl-Harbor-reminds-usof-nations-strengths Unknown. “Pearl Harbor Raid, 7 December 1941: Overview and Special Image Selection”. Naval History& Heritage. Unknown. Web. Dec 12, 2012. http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/events/wwii-pac/pearlhbr/pearlhbr.htm Unknown. “Pearl Harbor: Japan’s Greatest Victory or Most Profound Blunder”. Our Curious World. Unknown. Web, Dec 12, 2012. http://www.ourcuriousworld.com/PearlHarbor.htm The Learning Network. “Dec.7, 1941: Japan Attacks Pearl Harbor” The New York Times. Dec 7, 2011. Web. Dec 12, 2012. http://learning.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/12/07/dec-7-1941-japan-attacks-pearlharbor/ Unknown. “Europe in World War 2: Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, Sunday, December 7, 1941.” The History Place. 1997. Web. Dec 12, 2012. http://www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/timeline/pearl.htm Rosenberg, Jennifer. “Attack on Pearl Harbor”. 20th Century History. Unknown. Web. Dec 12, 2012. http://history1900s.about.com/od/worldwarii/a/Attack-Pearl-Harbor.htm USS Utah (AG-16) Capsizing off Ford Island, during the attack on Pearl Harbor, 7 December 1941, after being torpedoed by Japanese aircraft Pearl Harbor Attack, 7 December 1941 Torpedo planes attack "Battleship Row" at about 0800 on 7 December, seen from a Japanese aircraft. Pearl Harbor Attack, 7 December 1941 Sailors in a motor launch rescue a survivor from the water alongside the sunken USS West Virginia (BB-48) during or shortly after the Japanese air raid on Pearl Harbor. Battle of Taranto November 11th – 12th 1940 British Battle Strengths Italian Battle Strengths 21 torpedo bombers 1 air craft carrier 2 heavy cruisers 2 light cruisers 5 destroyers 6 battleships 9 heavy cruisers 7 light cruisers 13 destroyers British losses Losses 2 killed 59 killed 2captured 600 wounded 2 air craft shot down 1 battleship destroyed 2 air craft show down. Long before WWI, Taranto was the port at which the Italian naval fleet was based. The point of the attack was to diminish the Italian fleet in order for the British to remain dominant. On November 11th, at 9:00pm, 12 British aircraft left to attack Taranto from the South West. Approximately 90 minutes later, a second wave left to attack from the North. In just one night, the Italian navy lost half its fleet. Doolittle Raid A) The United States attacked the Japanese Home Islands (specifically Honshu) during World War II on April 18 1942. United States were led by Lieutenant Colonel James Doolittle. B) United States: 16 B-25B Mitchell medium bombers were launched off the U.S Navy's aircraft carrier the USS Hornet. They carried 4 specially constructed bombs, 3 of which were high explosives and one was bundle of incendiaries. 80 airmen, 2 aircraft carriers, 4 cruisers, and 8 destroyers. Japan: Japan was unaware of the raid, therefore they did not react to the raid. They had an unknown number of troops and homeland defense. C) The one major event that took place was the actual raid. It occurred on April 18 1942. The raid took only 1 day and was finished after that. The only other major event that happened that was after the initial raid, after the bombers landed in China 250,000 Chinese civilians were then killed by Japan as retaliation for helping the US do this. D) The United States ended the raid with 3 dead and 8 prisoners of war, while losing all of their B-25s. Japan had about 50 dead and 400 injured. The United States won, as it was a raid and the Japanese were unaware of the attack. The raid caused negligible damage, but boosted American morale as it casted doubt on Japan military leadership, especially after the Pearl Harbour attack. E) The significance of this raid was like mentioned before, boosted American morale and casted doubt on Japanese military leadership. This was important to them after having being attack at Pearl Harbour. The Raid on Schweinfurt A. American’s bombing German town of Schweinfurt a. Point at which the American’s realised long-distance fighters were needed to escort bombers b. Destruction of important ball baring factories B. American’s Tech: a. Boeing B-17 Flying fortress allowed daylight bombing b. P-51 Mustang C. German Tech: a. Luftwaffe aircraft b. Flak guns C. 1943 August 17th First air raid on Schweinfurt and Regensburg. October 14th another raid on Schweinfurt, high level of losses. February 24th Another bombing raid on Schweinfurt. July 21st and October 9th more raids. 1945 April 1st-April 31st Final raid launched against Schweinfurt. D. American Victory, as it crippled the German military production E. The crippling of the German military allowed the war to be won sooner with less casualties Battle of the Philippine Sea (June 19-20, 1944) A) The attackers in this battle were the United States and the defenders were the Japanese. The objective of the U.S. was to take over the Marianas, and get closer to Japan in order for them to plan and launch an air attack and invasion of Japan. B) Strengths of the United States Strengths of Japan The U.S. had 7 fleet carriers, 8 light carriers, 7 battleships, 28 submarines, and 79 warships Japan had 5 fleet carriers, 4 light carriers, 5 battleships, 43 other warships. The U.S pilots had 600 hours of training The United States attack in the Marianas, which resulted in the Japanese travelling further for fuel F6F Hellcat fighter plane -reliability Pilot training centre graduated many pilots TG 58-1, 58-2, 58-3, 58-4 had the carriers hornet, yorktown, bunker hill, Essex, enterprise, and Lexington had a total aircraft count of 734. Weaknesses of the United States Weaknesses of Japan -both the United States and Japan were fighting with their air force, rather than the U.S. having an advantage of an air attack on the Japanese navy - the Japanese thought that the U.S. would be on the offensive and hoped that the U.S. would attack in the Carolines or Palaus, as this was closer to the Japanese source of fuel. Had previous carrier losses from the Battles of Coral Sea and Midway (1942) Japanese pilots had 50 hours of training Experienced pilots had died during the battle of midway and Guadalcanal campaign The Japanese pilot training centre only graduated a small number of pilots C) Timeline: (1944) June 15, The U.S invaded the island of Saipan in the Marianas islands region of the north western Pacific Ocean, below Japan in the Philippine Sea. June 19, 5:03am – the U.S. launch morning air patrols 5:50am – Japanese sea patrol spotted the U.S. TF-58 The Japanese patrol contacted via radio, the headquarters in Guam to notify of an attack by the U.S. Then this patrol ship persisted to attack the U.S. patrol but was shot down by U.S. aircraft. The U.S. then persisted to attack Guam before Japanese air forces in Guam were able to launch. Bombed the Japanese air force on the ground in Orote field. Some Japanese planes managed to get in the air, but 35 were shot down. Then the F6F hellcats were called back to their naval carrier; because the Japanese fleet formed an attack on the U.S. naval carriers. 68 Japanese aircraft were sent to attack the U.S. fleet The U.S launched all of their fighter planes in order to reach the Japanese aircraft before they could bomb the U.S. carriers. The U.S. one with only losing 1 fighter plane, whereas Japan lost 25. The remaining Japanese aircraft bombed the U.S. fleet causing a few American casualties, however there was minimal damage. Japanese lost a total of 3 carriers, about 550-600 aircraft from June 19-20. D) Why was the U.S victorious? - loss of over 300 Japanese aircraft on the first day (June 19). - the U.S had more pilots and a higher number of experienced pilots - had more carriers in total than the Japanese E) What is the significance of this battle? - the last major carrier vs. carrier battle of the Pacific War. - the U.S. gained the island of Guam - the Japanese lost most of their air force