Download Global Regents Review Packet_2016

John Dewey High School
Social Studies Department
Connie Hamilton, Principal
Larry Orsini, AP
Global History and
Geography Regents Review
2016
Date
Thematic Essay
Jan 2016 Imperialism
Aug 2015 Movement of People and
Goods
Jun 2015 Movements of Belief Systems
Jan 2015 Human and Physical
Geography
Aug 2014 Political Leaders
Jun 2014
Jan 2014
Individuals Who Challenged
Tradition or Authority
Human Rights - Justice
Aug 2013 Conflicts – Armed Conflicts
June 2013 Change - Revolution
Jan 2013
Aug 2012
Jun 2012
Jan 2012
Aug 2011
Jun 2011
Jan 2011
Aug 2010
June 2010
Jan 2010
Change – Collapse of
government
Technology
Geography
Individuals
Global Issues
Technology
Geography
Nationalism
Individual Ideas
Individual Writings
Aug 2009 Belief Systems
June 2009 Human Rights
Jan 2009 Geography
Social Studies Department Larry Orsini, AP
DBQ Essay
Laws and Orders
Leaders
Empires
Individuals who
addressed Problems
Global Issues that
Affected Children
Turning Points
How Have Humans
changed the Environment
Economic Development
Technologic
Advancements
Products – Salt, Sugar,
and Cotton
Protest Movements
Autocratic Leaders
Transportation Systems
Conquerors
Human Rights
Ideas
Belief Systems
Geographic Factors
Food Production
Revolution
Waterways
Time Periods
Individuals
Page 2
The Ancient Civilizations
Social Studies Department Larry Orsini, AP
Page 3
Marco Polo and Ibn Battuta
Pre WWI Map
Social Studies Department Larry Orsini, AP
Page 4
A) The Birth of Civilization
B) Four River Valley Civilizations
Civilizations
Rivers
Common
Characteristics
Unique
Mesopotamia TigrisEuphrates
Irrigation,
flooding,
City-states
and empires
Cuneiform
Egypt
Nile
Annual flooding
Old Dynasties
and New
Dynasties
Hieroglyphics
China
Yellow
River (
Huang He)
Silt, River of
Sorrow
Dynastic Cycle Pictograms
India
Indus
Northern Plain
Caste, and
reincarnation
Social Studies Department Larry Orsini, AP
Characteristics
Writing
system
Undeciphered
scripts
Page 5
C) Different Disciplines of Social Science
D) Primary Source v. Secondary Source
Social Studies Department Larry Orsini, AP
Page 6
E)
Greco – Roman Civilization
F)
Roman Empire
Social Studies Department Larry Orsini, AP
Page 7
G)
Middle Ages
H)
Feudal system
Europe
I)
versus
Japan
Crusades
Social Studies Department Larry Orsini, AP
Page 8
J)
K)
Renaissance
Social Studies Department Larry Orsini, AP
Page 9
L)
How English democracy evolved
M) Reformation
Social Studies Department Larry Orsini, AP
Page 10
N) Spanish Conquering of the New World
O) Scientific Revolution
Ptolemy - Geocentric Theory
Earth is at the center of the Universe
Copernicus – Heliocentric Theory
Sun is at the center of the Universe
Galileo – Telescope
Used observation to prove the heliocentric theory
Newton – Gravitation Theory
A mechanical view of the universe
Social Studies Department Larry Orsini, AP
Page 11
P) Enlightenment
Enlightenment
Philosophers
John Locke
Natural Laws
Q)
Montesquieu
Separation of
Powers
Enlightened
Despots
Catherine the
Great
Why Industrial Revolution started in England
Social Studies Department Larry Orsini, AP
Page 12
R)
S)
Consequences of Industrial Revolution
French Revolution
Social Studies Department Larry Orsini, AP
Page 13
T)
Century of Nationalism
U)
Opening Up of Japan
Social Studies Department Larry Orsini, AP
Page 14
V)
Underlying Causes of WWI
W)
Rise of authoritarianism
Social Studies Department Larry Orsini, AP
Page 15
X)
Y)
Road to WWII
Chinese Communist Revolution
Imperialism
Fall of Qing Dynasty
Sun Yat Sen
People Republic of China
Support from peasants
Rise of Mao
Great Leap Forward
Cultural Revolution
Deng
4 Modernizations
Social Studies Department Larry Orsini, AP
Tiananmen Massacre
Page 16
Z)
Indian Independence
AA) Beginning of the Cold War
Social Studies Department Larry Orsini, AP
Page 17
BB) End of Cold War/ The Dissolution of the Soviet Union
CC) Twenty Century Genocides
Genocide
Mass Killing of a race
or a people
Holocaust
Cambodia
Rwanda
Nuremberg Trials
Pol Pot
Hutu and Tutsi
Khmer Rouge
Social Studies Department Larry Orsini, AP
Page 18
DD)Contemporary Problems
Social Studies Department Larry Orsini, AP
Page 19
1) Important Travelers
Name
Time
Marco Polo 1200s
Place visited
China
Ibn Battuta
1300s
Africa, and
Middle East
Mansa
Musa
1300s
Mecca
Christopher 1400s
Columbus
Americas
Zeng He
1400s
Indian Ocean
Vasco da
Gama
1400s
India
Ferdinand
Magellan
1500s
The World
Social Studies Department Larry Orsini, AP
Importance
Visited the Great Khan of
the Mongol Empire, and
wrote his book, The
Travels of Marco Polo
A Muslim scholar and
judge, he travelled
almost the entire known
Islamic world, and wrote
his account of his travels,
Rihla.
The king of Mali, is
famous for being a
benefactor of Islamic
scholarship, and his hajj,
pilgrimage to Mecca.
A navigator and explorer
who was instrumental in
Spanish colonization of
the Americas.
A Chinese Muslim who
led seven naval
expeditions to the Indian
Ocean basin and brought
envoys from more than
30 states to Ming court.
The commander of the
first ships to sail directly
from Europe to India
A Portuguese explorer
who led the expedition
which completed the first
circumnavigation.
Page 20
2) Reformist Leaders
Name
Nelson
Mandela
Country
South
Africa
Mikhail
Gorbachev
Russia
(formerly
USSR)
Deng Xiao
Ping
China
Mustafa
Ataturk
Turkey
Sun Yat
Sen
China
Time
held office
from 19941999
Contributions
African reformist who became the first
president elected in a fully representative
democratic election. Won a Nobel Prize
for his efforts in ending Apartheid in
South Africa
Last general His reforms, known as glasnost
secretariat (openness) and perestroika
of the USSR, (restructuring), contributed to the end of
serving
the Cold War, and the subsequent
from 1985
dissolution of the USSR.
to 1991
Head of
Abandoning communist ideology, he
China from modernized Chinese economy by opening
1978 to
it up to the global market, and
1997
transformed China into one of the fastest
growing economies in the world.
Founder
An admirer of the Enlightenment, Ataturk
and the first transformed the formerly Ottoman
president of Empire into a democratic, modern, and
the
secular state.
Republic of
Turkey
Founder of Founder of the Nationalist party, and was
the Modern instrumental in overthrowing the Qing
China
Dynasty. His Three Principles of the
People was considered to be his chief
legacy.
Social Studies Department Larry Orsini, AP
Page 21
3) 20th Century Dictators
Name
Lenin
Country
USSR
Time in Power
1917-1924
Stalin
USSR
1924-1953
Mao
China
1949-1976
Hitler
Germany
1933-1945
Castro,
Fidel
Cuba
1959-2008
Social Studies Department Larry Orsini, AP
Importance
Leader of the October Revolution and
the first leader of the Soviet Union.
Leader of the USSR after Lenin’s
death, he replaced Lenin’s New
Economic Policy with several 5-year
plans, and propelled the Soviet into
an industrial power, but at a huge
human cost, including a widespread
famine in Ukraine in 1933.
Led the Chinese communist party to
victory over Nationalist Party, but was
also widely blamed for his failed
socio-economic reforms, such as the
Great Leap Forward and the Cultural
Revolution, which together
accounted for a death toll of over 70
millions.
Leader of the Nazi party, he
established a totalitarian and fascist
regime, invaded Poland in 1939, and
committed numerous atrocities
during the WWII, including the
genocide of 6 millions Jews known as
the Holocaust.
After overthrowing the US supported
Batista regime in 1959, Castro turned
the island country into a one-party
socialist republic, and a Soviet puppet
state. After the collapse of the USSR
in 1991, Cuban economy has been in
a tail-spin.
Page 22
4) Absolute Monarchs
Name
Peter the
Great
Country
Russia
Reign
1682-1725
Louis XIV
France
1638-1715
Suleiman the
Magnificent
Ottoman 1520-1566
Empire
Elizabeth I
England
1558 1603
Frederick the
Great
Prussia
1740-1786
Catherine the Russia
Great
1762-1796
Social Studies Department Larry Orsini, AP
Contributions
Modernized and Westernized the
Tsardom of Russia into a major European
power, and founded the city of Saint
Petersburg in 1703
Also known as the Sun King, he believed
in the Divine Right, and centralized his
authority by forcing many nobles to live
with him in his lavish Palace of Versailles.
Known as the lawgiver for his
reconstruction of the Ottoman legal
system, he expanded vastly the Ottoman
empire until his defeat at Vienna. His
reign also coincided with the Golden Age
of the Ottoman Empire, a time of
unparalleled cultural, literal, and
architectural accomplishments
Her reign is considered to be the Golden
Age in English history, noted for its
playwrights such as Shakespeare and
Marlowe, the expeditions by Francis
Drake and the victory over the Spanish
Armada.
A supporter of the Enlightened
Absolutism, he also supported religious
toleration, and modernized Prussia’s
economy.
She revitalized Russia, expanded its
territory, improved its administration,
and modernized its economy and
culture. But she also found it impractical
to improve the status of the serfs.
Page 23
5) Major Human Rights Violations
Event
Place
Holocaust Nazi
occupied
Europe
Time
WWII
(19391945)
Highlights
Six million Jews were systematically and
deliberately executed by Hitler and his Nazi
corroborators. Millions more were forced to
work in labor and concentration camps, and
were rescued by the Allies.
Apartheid South
1948Segregated citizens into racial groups. Blacks
Africa
1994
were stripped of their citizenship, and the
government segregated education, medical
care, and other public services, and provided
black people with services inferior to those of
whites. Ended in a multi-racial democratic
election in 1994, when Mandela was elected
president.
One Child China
1979 - Facing an ever escalating population, Deng
Policy
present implemented this policy of restricting married
urban couples to have no more than one child.
This policy is said to have prevented more than
300 million births since 1979, but is also widely
criticized for the related female infanticide, and
forced abortions.
Rwanda
Rwanda
1994
It had its root in the Hutu-Tutsi ethnic divide,
Genocide ( Africa)
and resulted in the mass killing of hundreds of
thousands of Tutsis by the Hutu militias.
Khmer
Cambodia 1975During the four year rule by the communist
Rouge
1979
leader Pol Pot and his Khmer Rouge party, an
Genocide
estimated 2 million Cambodians died either of
starvation, forced labor, summary execution, or
violence. It only ended after Vietnam invaded
the country.
Armenian Ottoman 1915It is widely acknowledged as the first modern
Genocide Empire
1917
genocide, and took place during the WWI when
(Turkey)
an estimated one to one and a half million
Armenians during the massacres and the forced
deportations.
Social Studies Department Larry Orsini, AP
Page 24
6) Contemporary Problems
Problems
Global
Warming
Causes
Burning of
fossil fuels
such as oil and
natural gas
Consequences
Increasing global
temperature raised
sea level, destroyed
natural habitat, and
disrupted natural
weather pattern.
Mitigations
The Kyoto Protocol that
was signed and ratified
by more than 180
nations and imposed
limitations on
greenhouse gases’
emission on the signing
countries.
Nuclear
Regional
In Kashmir, where
Nuclear NonProliferation
conflicts (e.g. India and Pakistan
Proliferation Treaty
Kashmir,
both claim
signed by 189 countries;
North Korea,
sovereignty, the two International Atomic
and the NIS)
nuclear countries
Energy Agency set up by
have fought three
the United Nations to
wars since 1947.
monitor and to
safeguard nuclear fuels
and facilities.
OverLife
Currently at 7 billion, Green Revolution around
population
expectancy
the world population 1950s alleviated some of
and infant
is expected to grow
the problems, but
mortality have to 9 billion by 2040, countries like China and
been
creating tremendous India have resorted to
drastically
pressure in regions
drastic measures such as
improved in
like Africa, Latin
One Child Policy and
less developed America, as well as
forced sterilization
regions
India sub-continent
programs.
and China.
Desertification Overgrazing,
Widespread in many Tougher government
over-farming, regions in China,
regulation and
deforestation, Africa, Chile and
monitoring, financial aids
slash-andseveral Central Asian from the developed
burn and
countries
nations to the natives.
climatic
change
Social Studies Department Larry Orsini, AP
Page 25
7) Golden Ages and High Cultures
Name
Classical Golden
Age
Time period
448 B.C. to 429
B.C.
Place
Greece ( Athens)
Hellenistic Age
Period after the
conquests of
Alexander the
Great (332 B.C.)
Greece, Near
East and Central
Asia, Africa
Roman Empire
44 B.C. to 476
A.D.
Much of Europe,
near East, and
Northern Africa
Byzantine
Civilization
330 A.D. – 1453
A.D.
Asia Minor,
Eastern Europe
Gupta Golden Age 320 A.D. to 550
A.D.
India
Islamic Golden
Age
Middle East,
Africa
700 A.D. to 1400
A.D.
Social Studies Department Larry Orsini, AP
Characteristics
Philosophy ( Socrates,
Plato, and
Aristotle),architecture
( Parthenon), drama (
Aeschylus, Sophocles,
Euripides) politics (
democracy),
epics(Iliad, Odyssey),
mathematics, and
science
A new wave of Greek
colonization which
established Greek
cities, kingdoms and
culture in Asia and
Africa.
Latin language, rule
of law, roads and
aqueducts, epic
(Aeneid) Coliseum,
gladiators.
Preservation of
Greco-Roman
cultures, laws
(Justinian Codes)
architecture (Hagia
Sophia), astronomy
and mathematics.
Zero, decimal system,
medicine, astronomy,
literature, and
architecture
Mathematics,
science, astronomy,
Page 26
African
Civilizations
1200 A.D. to
1500 A.D.
Mesoamerican
Civilizations
900 A.D. to 1500
A.D.
Western Africa (
Mali, Songhai,
and Ghana)
Bantu civilization
( central and
Southern Africa)
Mexico to
Honduras
Renaissance
1300-1600
Western Europe
Han and Tang
Golden Ages
Han202 B.C. –
220 A.D.
Tang 618 A.D. –
910 A.D.
18th century
China
Enlightenment
Social Studies Department Larry Orsini, AP
Western Europe
medicine, arts,
calligraphy, literature,
and philosophy
Bronze statues, art,
centers of learning
(Timbuktu), gold and
salt trade, Islam
civilization.
Writing, calendar, art,
arithmetic,
architecture,
domestication of
maize and other
crops.
Humanism,
rediscovery of
classical texts and art,
new painting styles
and methodology,
vernacular literature,
famous artists (da
Vinci, Raphael, and
Michelangelo)
political theory
(Machiavelli).
Paper, silk, ceramic,
printing, art, poem,
and architecture.
Freedom, democracy,
social contract,
natural rights,
Voltaire, Locke,
Rousseau, Kant,
Smith.
Page 27
8) Justice/ Legal History
Name
Code of
Hammurabi
Roman
Twelve
Tables
Justinian
Code
Magna Carta
Nuremberg
Trials
Universal
Declaration
of Human
Rights
Time
Place
Significance
About 1800 Babylon
First major legal code in history
B.C.
(Modern Iraq) craved in stone and displayed for
everyone to see.
449 B.C.
Rome ( Italy)
Carved in ivory tablets, listed
various private rights and legal
procedures, they formed the
foundation of the Roman justice
system.
529 A.D. to Byzantine (
It compiled and streamlined all the
534 A.D.
Modern
existing imperial constitutions
Turkey)
going back to the time of Hadrian.
1215 A.D.
England
The first English charter, it limited
the king’s power, and protected
the nobles privileges.
1945-1946 Germany
It tried 22 of the most important
Nazi leaders, and convicted 19 on
charge of “crime against
humanity”.
1948 A.D.
United
Arose after WWII after the atrocity
Nations
of Holocaust had been known, it
represents the first global
expression of rights to which all
human beings are inherently
entitled.
Social Studies Department Larry Orsini, AP
Page 28
9) Scientific and Technological Breakthroughs
Name
Neolithic
Revolution
Time
Around
10000 B.C.
Gutenberg
Press
Around
1440 A.D.
Scientific
Revolution
1543 A.D.
to around
1700
Industrial
Revolution
Late 1700s
to early
1800s
Green
Revolution
1940s
Computer
Revolution
1950 to
present
Place
Middle
East
Contributions
Transition from hunter-gatherers
communities to farming settlements;
domestication of animals and plants;
beginning of river-valley civilizations.
Germany
The first movable type press in
Europe, was used to publish the
Gutenberg Bible, and helped to
spread Renaissance and Reformation
ideas
Europe
Works by Copernicus, Galileo,
Kepler, Newton and others replaced
the ancient Ptolemy geocentric
theory with heliocentric theory, and
Aristotelian 5 elements theory with
atomic theory.
Britain
The invention of steam engine by
James Watt propelled the English
economy into the modern age, and
created the world’s capitalistic
system.
Mexico,
In 1943, Norman Borlaug developed
Philippines, new high yield varieties of wheat
India, and and later rice, and later on combined
the third
these with chemical fertilizers,
world
mechanical farming machines in
India.
The whole Computer and digital technology
world
have drastically improved our work,
study, communication, and
entertainment, but also created a
digital divide. Moore’s Law is said to
hold for another decade at least.
Social Studies Department Larry Orsini, AP
Page 29
10) Economic Systems
Type
Traditional
Economy
Barter
economy
Manorialism
Time/Place
Medieval
Europe; some
contemporary
Third World
countries
Most
economies in
ancient time.
Characteristics
An economy usually
based on subsistence
farming, producing
enough to feed only
one’s family.
Absence of money,
the economy is
usually farming based.
Medieval
Europe
Based on the manor,
an estate that
included one or more
villages and the
surrounding lands.
An economy theory
that holds that the
prosperity of a
country depends on
its control of capital.
Mercantilism 16 – 18th
century/
Europe
Capitalism or 19 - 20th
Free Market century/
Europe and
much of the
world
Marxism,
central
planning
economy, or
command
economy
20th century/
USSR, China,
Cuba, Vietnam,
North Korea.
Wealth and the
means to produce
wealth are privately
owned
All means of
production are
controlled by the
workers.
Social Studies Department Larry Orsini, AP
Significance
The living standard is
low, and is often
tradition bound, family
based.
Trade and commerce
are not common, and
residents exchange
what they produced
with each other.
Was essential for
feudalism to work;
provided resources,
food etc. for knights
and local lords.
European governments
such as Spain and
England which sought
to increase their
exports and limit their
imports by controlling
overseas colonies.
Sometimes known as
laissez faire economy,
this theory holds that
government should not
interfere with market
activities.
Led to major
confrontations such as
the Cold War during the
1900s.
Page 30
11) Belief Systems
Religion
Buddhism
Major
Figures/Deities
Founded by
Gautama Buddha
around 500B.C. in
India
Christianity
A monotheistic
religion founded
on the teachings
of Jesus Christ
Confucianism Confucius,
Mencius
Hinduism
Vishna and Shiva
Judaism
Islam
Shinto
Sacred Place/
areas of practice
Has about 250
million followers
mostly in East
and Southeast
Asia
Popular in Africa,
Europe, Asia, and
South America.
China, and East
Asia
Predominantly in
India
Subcontinent,
with about 1
billion followers
worldwide.
One God Jerusalem. Some
Yahweh. World’s Jews are
first monotheistic dispersed over
religion
Europe, but most
,influenced Islam live in N.
and Christianity. America, and
Israel.
One God - Allah; Middle East,
Final Prophet Africa and Asia.
Muhammad
Polytheism,
worship of
natural forces
(spirits)
Indigenous
religion of Japan
Social Studies Department Larry Orsini, AP
Major Tenets
Four Nobel Truths, Nobel
Eightfold Path, and
Nirvana.
Holy Bible, Ten
Commandments,
Resurrection, and
Salvation.
Filial Piety, rites, humility,
and 5 Relationships
Reincarnation, Dharma
(personal duty), and
Karma.
Hebrew Bible, Covenant
between God and
Abraham, dietary laws
and religious clothing.
God revealed the Quran
to Muhammad;
adherence to 5 pillars,
Sharia ( Islamic laws)
Has a strong focus on rite
and practice, but is
nonetheless lack of a
centralized structure.
Page 31
12) Geography and its relationship with humans
Feature
Island/
Proximity
to China
Region
Japan
Time Period
From 600
A.D. to
Present
Influence on the Life/People
Cultural diffusion. Japan borrows much
of its culture from China, but because
of its geographical isolation, is able to
develop its own unique culture. e.g.
Buddhism, Confucianism, writings, tea,
and clothing.
Rivers
Early
3100 B.C. to Annual flooding of River Nile brings
Civilizations 1300 B.C.
fertile soil from upstream. Abundance
( Egypt)
of food supply thus enabled the
Egyptians to build monuments such as
Pyramids, and to devote resources in
culture, religion, technology and art.
th
Natural
England
Late 18
An abundance of iron deposit, coal, and
Resources
century
supply of wool enabled the nation to
become the first industrialized nation,
but the Industrialization Revolution also
came with a high human cost.
Monsoons India
Throughout A seasonal prevailing wind that lasts for
history
several months, it brings heavy rainfall
and flooding to India and Pakistan, and
affects a huge population.
Mountains China
Before
The mountains isolate China from its
modern
neighbors, and help the country to
time
develop its own unique culture.
Rain Forest Brazil
1960The dense Amazon rainforest comprises
present
the largest and most species rich
rainforest in the world, but is facing the
danger of deforestation as the region
becomes more densely populated in
recent times.
Social Studies Department Larry Orsini, AP
Page 32
13) Turning Points, Revolutions, Changes, Leaders
and Individuals who Changed History
Events
Reformation
Individuals
Martin
Luther
Time/Place
1517/
Germany
Russian
Revolution
Lenin
1910s/
Russia
Chinese
Revolution
Chairman
Mao
1940s/
China
Voyages of
Columbus
Christopher
Columbus
15th
Century/
Americas
Collapse of The
USSR
Mikhail
Gorbachev
1980s /
Russia
WWII
Adolf Hitler
1933-45/
Germany
Iranian
Revolution
Ayatollah
Khomeini
1979/ Iran
Social Studies Department Larry Orsini, AP
Impact
Posed his 95 Theses to dispute the Church’s
claim that money could absolve punishment of
sin, sparking the Protestant Reformation. He
taught that salvation is a free gift of God and
received only by grace through faith in Jesus.
Leader of the October Revolution and the first
leader of the Soviet Union, he, using the slogan,
“Land, bread and peace,” led Russia out of the
WWI, won the Civil War with the Whites, and
created a state security/terror system.
Leader of the People Republic of China from
1949 until his death in 1976, Mao was
instrumental in winning the Chinese Civil War
against Chiang and the Nationalist party.
Initiated widespread contact between the Old
and the New World, he led to the Spanish
colonization of the South America, and the
subsequent Columbian Exchange that
depopulated the New World, and circulated a
wide variety of crops and livestock.
The last leader of the USSR, Gorbachev initiated
his Glasnost (Openness) and Perestroika
(Restructuring) policies, but was unable to arrest
the rapid economic decline. Cold War and USSR
came to an end in 1991 as the various Soviet
Republics declared their independence.
Came to power in a democratic election, Hitler
nonetheless quickly declared a fascist
dictatorship. Claiming that Germany needed
Lebensraum (living space), he annexed Austria,
invaded Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia, and
started the WWII by invading Poland.
The overthrow of Shan monarchy and its
replacement with an Islamic theocracy.
Page 33
14) Nationalist Leaders
Individual
Otto von
Bismarck
Time/
Country
19th
Century/
Germany
Monhandas 20th
Gandhi
Century/
India
Action
Contribution
Creator and first Chancellor of
the German Empire from
1871 – 1890. He was
instrumental in Prussian
victory over Denmark, Austria,
and France.
The pre-eminent leader of the
Indian Independence
Movement, he championed
resisting tyranny through
mass civil disobedience, such
as Salt March and Home Spun
Movement.
Built Germany into
the continent’s most
powerful nation, and
paved the way for the
WWI, and the WWII.
Jomo
Kenyatta
20th century The first prime minister and
/ Kenya
president of Kenya, he was a
member of the radical Mau
Mau Society, and used
violence to ended British
colonialism in Kenya.
Simon
Bolivar
19th century One of the most important
/ South
leaders of South American
America
independence movement
against Spain. He founded
Gran Columbia, and was its
president from 1821 – 1830.
Social Studies Department Larry Orsini, AP
The spiritual leader of
the Indian
independence, he
inspired millions to
struggle against the
British empire by
using peaceful
means.
A corrupt
authoritarian who
turned the country
into a relatively
prosperous
capitalistic society,
but ruled until the
day he died.
Lauded by six S.
American countries
as their founder, he
was known as the
Liberator, and
remained influential
even posthumously.
Page 34
15) Movement of People and Goods/Interdependence
Movement
Silk Road
Time/Place
100 B.C. to 1030
A.D./ From China
to Europe and
North Africa
Crusades
1095 to 1291/
From Europe to
Jerusalem and
the Holy Land
IMF/ World Bank/
EU/ WTO
Bantu Migration
Reason
An extensive
network of trade
in silk and many
other luxurious
products
A series of
religion driven
campaigns to
fight against the
Muslims who
were occupying
the Holy Land
then.
1950s to present/ Seeking
worldwide
international
cooperation to
prevent the next
Great Depression
from happening
again
1000s B.C. to
1600s A.D./ SubSahara Desert
Social Studies Department Larry Orsini, AP
a millennia-long
series of
migrations of
herders and
farmers seeking
water and
pasture
Effect
An important
factor linking
China, India,
Central Asia,
Egypt, Rome and
Persia to form an
extensive trading
network.
Opened up
Europe to Islamic
culture and
trade, ended the
Middle Ages, and
aided the Italian
Renaissance.
Successfully built
the most
prosperous halfcentury in human
history, during
which global
living standard
and international
trade improved.
Completed the
colonization of
south Africa by
the 17th century,
with its language
spoken all over
Africa
Page 35
Continued Movement/Interdependence
Movement
Potato Famine
Time/Place
1850s / Ireland
Global Migration
Leading to
massive
migration to
European
countries
th
Late 19
Began as a
After the Balfour
century/ Europe reaction to Dreyfus Declaration,
Affair, and founded more Jewish
by Theodor Herzl
moved back to
to create a Jewish Israel
nation state in
today’s Israel.
Established in
To maintain world Results have
1945/ New York peace and
been mixed at
promote global
best, impotent
cooperation in
during the Cold
various issues
War, but has
more successes in
human rights and
health related
issues
Zionism
United Nations
Reason
A potato disease
exacerbated by a
host of other
factors, including
an indifferent
English
government
Current / mostly Global income
from developing inequality and
countries to the political unrest in
West
home country
Social Studies Department Larry Orsini, AP
Effect
One million died
and another
million emigrated
to other
countries such as
US.
Page 36
16) Important Treaties/ Conferences
Title
Purpose
Consequences
Council of Trent
Time/
Participants
1545 – 1563/
Catholic
fathers
Reaffirmed traditional
Catholic doctrines,
and ended abuses
Congress of
Vienna
1814-5/
Austria
Berlin
Conference/
Scramble for
Africa
Treaty of
Versailles
1884/
Germany
To condemn
Protestantism and
began the Counter
Reformation
To establish a
balance of power and
to turn back the clock
To prevent
bloodshed among
European colonial
powers
To decide the future
of the post WWI
world
Munich
Conference
1938/
Germany
Yalta Conference
1945/ USSR
Treaty of Nanjing
1842/ China
Prevented another
continental war for
almost one century
With no African
invaded, the great
powers divided up
Africa continent
Imposed a huge
indemnity and
restraint on Germany,
led to the rise of
radical parties in
Germany
To settle the crisis
Known as
caused by Hitler’s
Appeasement, the
annexation of
British and English
Sudetenland
leaders allowed
Germany to keep the
land without any
consequences
To decide the future Soviet was allowed to
of post war Europe
keep Eastern Europe,
a major factor leading
to the Cold War
To mark the Opium
Led to a century of
War between Britain defeat and humiliation
and China, the first of for the Chinese, and
many unequal
eventually led to the
treaties to come
rise of nationalism and
Boxer Rebellion
1919/ Paris,
France
Social Studies Department Larry Orsini, AP
Page 37
17) Terms You Should Know
Term
Terrace farming
Totalitarian state
Cultural Diffusion
Ethnocentrism
Time/ Place
Used widely in China and
S. E. Asia and Inca empire
20th century/ Nazi
Germany, Communist
China, Fascist Italy, and
USSR
Examples: Buddhism
spread from India- ChinaKorea-Japan, and the
concept of zero from
India to Arabic land
Ancient China
Colonialism
Practiced by European
powers after the Age of
Exploration
Divine Right
James I of England, Louis
XIV of France and Phillip
II of Spain
Marshall Plan
1948-51/ W. Europe
Containment
Post WWII
Five Year Plans
1928 – 1991/ USSR
Social Studies Department Larry Orsini, AP
Meaning
used in farming to
cultivate sloped land
Government in which a
one party dictatorship
regulates every aspect of
citizens’ lives
The spread of ideas,
customs, and
technologies from one
people to another
The belief in the inherent
superiority of one's own
ethnic group or culture
The establishment of
colonies in one territory
by people from another
territory.
The assertion that a
monarch derives his right
to rule directly from the
will of God.
The U. S. poured financial
aiding totaling $13 billion
into the economies of
Western Europe
a United States policy
using numerous
strategies to prevent the
spread of communism
abroad
a series of nation-wide
centralized economic
plans in the Soviet Union
Page 38
Unit 1 : Covering all the
ancient civilizations (golden
Ages) up to the fall of Roman
Empires
ANCIENT WORLD—CIVILIZATIONS AND
RELIGIONS (4000 BC - 500 AD)
Unit 2 : From the Middle Ages
to the Islamic empire to the
Mongols Empire
EXPANDING ZONES OF EXCHANGE AND
ENCOUNTER (500 - 1200)
Unit 3 : The African and MesoAmerican civilizations and
Renaissance in Europe
GLOBAL INTERACTIONS (1200 - 1650)
Unit 4: From Zeng he’s
explorations and Spanish and
Portuguese expeditions to the
Absolute monarchs
THE FIRST GLOBAL AGE (1450 - 1770)
Unit 5 : From the Scientific
Revolution to Enlightenment
to French Revolution till the
WWI
AN AGE OF REVOLUTION (1750 - 1914)
Unit 6: From the WWI to the
end of WWII
A HALF CENTURY OF CRISIS AND
ACHIEVEMENT (1900 - 1945)
Unit 7 : From the Cold War to
the current world and its
problems
THE 20TH CENTURY SINCE 1945
Social Studies Department Larry Orsini, AP
Page 39