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John Dewey High School Social Studies Department Connie Hamilton, Principal Larry Orsini, AP Global History and Geography Regents Review 2016 Date Thematic Essay Jan 2016 Imperialism Aug 2015 Movement of People and Goods Jun 2015 Movements of Belief Systems Jan 2015 Human and Physical Geography Aug 2014 Political Leaders Jun 2014 Jan 2014 Individuals Who Challenged Tradition or Authority Human Rights - Justice Aug 2013 Conflicts – Armed Conflicts June 2013 Change - Revolution Jan 2013 Aug 2012 Jun 2012 Jan 2012 Aug 2011 Jun 2011 Jan 2011 Aug 2010 June 2010 Jan 2010 Change – Collapse of government Technology Geography Individuals Global Issues Technology Geography Nationalism Individual Ideas Individual Writings Aug 2009 Belief Systems June 2009 Human Rights Jan 2009 Geography Social Studies Department Larry Orsini, AP DBQ Essay Laws and Orders Leaders Empires Individuals who addressed Problems Global Issues that Affected Children Turning Points How Have Humans changed the Environment Economic Development Technologic Advancements Products – Salt, Sugar, and Cotton Protest Movements Autocratic Leaders Transportation Systems Conquerors Human Rights Ideas Belief Systems Geographic Factors Food Production Revolution Waterways Time Periods Individuals Page 2 The Ancient Civilizations Social Studies Department Larry Orsini, AP Page 3 Marco Polo and Ibn Battuta Pre WWI Map Social Studies Department Larry Orsini, AP Page 4 A) The Birth of Civilization B) Four River Valley Civilizations Civilizations Rivers Common Characteristics Unique Mesopotamia TigrisEuphrates Irrigation, flooding, City-states and empires Cuneiform Egypt Nile Annual flooding Old Dynasties and New Dynasties Hieroglyphics China Yellow River ( Huang He) Silt, River of Sorrow Dynastic Cycle Pictograms India Indus Northern Plain Caste, and reincarnation Social Studies Department Larry Orsini, AP Characteristics Writing system Undeciphered scripts Page 5 C) Different Disciplines of Social Science D) Primary Source v. Secondary Source Social Studies Department Larry Orsini, AP Page 6 E) Greco – Roman Civilization F) Roman Empire Social Studies Department Larry Orsini, AP Page 7 G) Middle Ages H) Feudal system Europe I) versus Japan Crusades Social Studies Department Larry Orsini, AP Page 8 J) K) Renaissance Social Studies Department Larry Orsini, AP Page 9 L) How English democracy evolved M) Reformation Social Studies Department Larry Orsini, AP Page 10 N) Spanish Conquering of the New World O) Scientific Revolution Ptolemy - Geocentric Theory Earth is at the center of the Universe Copernicus – Heliocentric Theory Sun is at the center of the Universe Galileo – Telescope Used observation to prove the heliocentric theory Newton – Gravitation Theory A mechanical view of the universe Social Studies Department Larry Orsini, AP Page 11 P) Enlightenment Enlightenment Philosophers John Locke Natural Laws Q) Montesquieu Separation of Powers Enlightened Despots Catherine the Great Why Industrial Revolution started in England Social Studies Department Larry Orsini, AP Page 12 R) S) Consequences of Industrial Revolution French Revolution Social Studies Department Larry Orsini, AP Page 13 T) Century of Nationalism U) Opening Up of Japan Social Studies Department Larry Orsini, AP Page 14 V) Underlying Causes of WWI W) Rise of authoritarianism Social Studies Department Larry Orsini, AP Page 15 X) Y) Road to WWII Chinese Communist Revolution Imperialism Fall of Qing Dynasty Sun Yat Sen People Republic of China Support from peasants Rise of Mao Great Leap Forward Cultural Revolution Deng 4 Modernizations Social Studies Department Larry Orsini, AP Tiananmen Massacre Page 16 Z) Indian Independence AA) Beginning of the Cold War Social Studies Department Larry Orsini, AP Page 17 BB) End of Cold War/ The Dissolution of the Soviet Union CC) Twenty Century Genocides Genocide Mass Killing of a race or a people Holocaust Cambodia Rwanda Nuremberg Trials Pol Pot Hutu and Tutsi Khmer Rouge Social Studies Department Larry Orsini, AP Page 18 DD)Contemporary Problems Social Studies Department Larry Orsini, AP Page 19 1) Important Travelers Name Time Marco Polo 1200s Place visited China Ibn Battuta 1300s Africa, and Middle East Mansa Musa 1300s Mecca Christopher 1400s Columbus Americas Zeng He 1400s Indian Ocean Vasco da Gama 1400s India Ferdinand Magellan 1500s The World Social Studies Department Larry Orsini, AP Importance Visited the Great Khan of the Mongol Empire, and wrote his book, The Travels of Marco Polo A Muslim scholar and judge, he travelled almost the entire known Islamic world, and wrote his account of his travels, Rihla. The king of Mali, is famous for being a benefactor of Islamic scholarship, and his hajj, pilgrimage to Mecca. A navigator and explorer who was instrumental in Spanish colonization of the Americas. A Chinese Muslim who led seven naval expeditions to the Indian Ocean basin and brought envoys from more than 30 states to Ming court. The commander of the first ships to sail directly from Europe to India A Portuguese explorer who led the expedition which completed the first circumnavigation. Page 20 2) Reformist Leaders Name Nelson Mandela Country South Africa Mikhail Gorbachev Russia (formerly USSR) Deng Xiao Ping China Mustafa Ataturk Turkey Sun Yat Sen China Time held office from 19941999 Contributions African reformist who became the first president elected in a fully representative democratic election. Won a Nobel Prize for his efforts in ending Apartheid in South Africa Last general His reforms, known as glasnost secretariat (openness) and perestroika of the USSR, (restructuring), contributed to the end of serving the Cold War, and the subsequent from 1985 dissolution of the USSR. to 1991 Head of Abandoning communist ideology, he China from modernized Chinese economy by opening 1978 to it up to the global market, and 1997 transformed China into one of the fastest growing economies in the world. Founder An admirer of the Enlightenment, Ataturk and the first transformed the formerly Ottoman president of Empire into a democratic, modern, and the secular state. Republic of Turkey Founder of Founder of the Nationalist party, and was the Modern instrumental in overthrowing the Qing China Dynasty. His Three Principles of the People was considered to be his chief legacy. Social Studies Department Larry Orsini, AP Page 21 3) 20th Century Dictators Name Lenin Country USSR Time in Power 1917-1924 Stalin USSR 1924-1953 Mao China 1949-1976 Hitler Germany 1933-1945 Castro, Fidel Cuba 1959-2008 Social Studies Department Larry Orsini, AP Importance Leader of the October Revolution and the first leader of the Soviet Union. Leader of the USSR after Lenin’s death, he replaced Lenin’s New Economic Policy with several 5-year plans, and propelled the Soviet into an industrial power, but at a huge human cost, including a widespread famine in Ukraine in 1933. Led the Chinese communist party to victory over Nationalist Party, but was also widely blamed for his failed socio-economic reforms, such as the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution, which together accounted for a death toll of over 70 millions. Leader of the Nazi party, he established a totalitarian and fascist regime, invaded Poland in 1939, and committed numerous atrocities during the WWII, including the genocide of 6 millions Jews known as the Holocaust. After overthrowing the US supported Batista regime in 1959, Castro turned the island country into a one-party socialist republic, and a Soviet puppet state. After the collapse of the USSR in 1991, Cuban economy has been in a tail-spin. Page 22 4) Absolute Monarchs Name Peter the Great Country Russia Reign 1682-1725 Louis XIV France 1638-1715 Suleiman the Magnificent Ottoman 1520-1566 Empire Elizabeth I England 1558 1603 Frederick the Great Prussia 1740-1786 Catherine the Russia Great 1762-1796 Social Studies Department Larry Orsini, AP Contributions Modernized and Westernized the Tsardom of Russia into a major European power, and founded the city of Saint Petersburg in 1703 Also known as the Sun King, he believed in the Divine Right, and centralized his authority by forcing many nobles to live with him in his lavish Palace of Versailles. Known as the lawgiver for his reconstruction of the Ottoman legal system, he expanded vastly the Ottoman empire until his defeat at Vienna. His reign also coincided with the Golden Age of the Ottoman Empire, a time of unparalleled cultural, literal, and architectural accomplishments Her reign is considered to be the Golden Age in English history, noted for its playwrights such as Shakespeare and Marlowe, the expeditions by Francis Drake and the victory over the Spanish Armada. A supporter of the Enlightened Absolutism, he also supported religious toleration, and modernized Prussia’s economy. She revitalized Russia, expanded its territory, improved its administration, and modernized its economy and culture. But she also found it impractical to improve the status of the serfs. Page 23 5) Major Human Rights Violations Event Place Holocaust Nazi occupied Europe Time WWII (19391945) Highlights Six million Jews were systematically and deliberately executed by Hitler and his Nazi corroborators. Millions more were forced to work in labor and concentration camps, and were rescued by the Allies. Apartheid South 1948Segregated citizens into racial groups. Blacks Africa 1994 were stripped of their citizenship, and the government segregated education, medical care, and other public services, and provided black people with services inferior to those of whites. Ended in a multi-racial democratic election in 1994, when Mandela was elected president. One Child China 1979 - Facing an ever escalating population, Deng Policy present implemented this policy of restricting married urban couples to have no more than one child. This policy is said to have prevented more than 300 million births since 1979, but is also widely criticized for the related female infanticide, and forced abortions. Rwanda Rwanda 1994 It had its root in the Hutu-Tutsi ethnic divide, Genocide ( Africa) and resulted in the mass killing of hundreds of thousands of Tutsis by the Hutu militias. Khmer Cambodia 1975During the four year rule by the communist Rouge 1979 leader Pol Pot and his Khmer Rouge party, an Genocide estimated 2 million Cambodians died either of starvation, forced labor, summary execution, or violence. It only ended after Vietnam invaded the country. Armenian Ottoman 1915It is widely acknowledged as the first modern Genocide Empire 1917 genocide, and took place during the WWI when (Turkey) an estimated one to one and a half million Armenians during the massacres and the forced deportations. Social Studies Department Larry Orsini, AP Page 24 6) Contemporary Problems Problems Global Warming Causes Burning of fossil fuels such as oil and natural gas Consequences Increasing global temperature raised sea level, destroyed natural habitat, and disrupted natural weather pattern. Mitigations The Kyoto Protocol that was signed and ratified by more than 180 nations and imposed limitations on greenhouse gases’ emission on the signing countries. Nuclear Regional In Kashmir, where Nuclear NonProliferation conflicts (e.g. India and Pakistan Proliferation Treaty Kashmir, both claim signed by 189 countries; North Korea, sovereignty, the two International Atomic and the NIS) nuclear countries Energy Agency set up by have fought three the United Nations to wars since 1947. monitor and to safeguard nuclear fuels and facilities. OverLife Currently at 7 billion, Green Revolution around population expectancy the world population 1950s alleviated some of and infant is expected to grow the problems, but mortality have to 9 billion by 2040, countries like China and been creating tremendous India have resorted to drastically pressure in regions drastic measures such as improved in like Africa, Latin One Child Policy and less developed America, as well as forced sterilization regions India sub-continent programs. and China. Desertification Overgrazing, Widespread in many Tougher government over-farming, regions in China, regulation and deforestation, Africa, Chile and monitoring, financial aids slash-andseveral Central Asian from the developed burn and countries nations to the natives. climatic change Social Studies Department Larry Orsini, AP Page 25 7) Golden Ages and High Cultures Name Classical Golden Age Time period 448 B.C. to 429 B.C. Place Greece ( Athens) Hellenistic Age Period after the conquests of Alexander the Great (332 B.C.) Greece, Near East and Central Asia, Africa Roman Empire 44 B.C. to 476 A.D. Much of Europe, near East, and Northern Africa Byzantine Civilization 330 A.D. – 1453 A.D. Asia Minor, Eastern Europe Gupta Golden Age 320 A.D. to 550 A.D. India Islamic Golden Age Middle East, Africa 700 A.D. to 1400 A.D. Social Studies Department Larry Orsini, AP Characteristics Philosophy ( Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle),architecture ( Parthenon), drama ( Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides) politics ( democracy), epics(Iliad, Odyssey), mathematics, and science A new wave of Greek colonization which established Greek cities, kingdoms and culture in Asia and Africa. Latin language, rule of law, roads and aqueducts, epic (Aeneid) Coliseum, gladiators. Preservation of Greco-Roman cultures, laws (Justinian Codes) architecture (Hagia Sophia), astronomy and mathematics. Zero, decimal system, medicine, astronomy, literature, and architecture Mathematics, science, astronomy, Page 26 African Civilizations 1200 A.D. to 1500 A.D. Mesoamerican Civilizations 900 A.D. to 1500 A.D. Western Africa ( Mali, Songhai, and Ghana) Bantu civilization ( central and Southern Africa) Mexico to Honduras Renaissance 1300-1600 Western Europe Han and Tang Golden Ages Han202 B.C. – 220 A.D. Tang 618 A.D. – 910 A.D. 18th century China Enlightenment Social Studies Department Larry Orsini, AP Western Europe medicine, arts, calligraphy, literature, and philosophy Bronze statues, art, centers of learning (Timbuktu), gold and salt trade, Islam civilization. Writing, calendar, art, arithmetic, architecture, domestication of maize and other crops. Humanism, rediscovery of classical texts and art, new painting styles and methodology, vernacular literature, famous artists (da Vinci, Raphael, and Michelangelo) political theory (Machiavelli). Paper, silk, ceramic, printing, art, poem, and architecture. Freedom, democracy, social contract, natural rights, Voltaire, Locke, Rousseau, Kant, Smith. Page 27 8) Justice/ Legal History Name Code of Hammurabi Roman Twelve Tables Justinian Code Magna Carta Nuremberg Trials Universal Declaration of Human Rights Time Place Significance About 1800 Babylon First major legal code in history B.C. (Modern Iraq) craved in stone and displayed for everyone to see. 449 B.C. Rome ( Italy) Carved in ivory tablets, listed various private rights and legal procedures, they formed the foundation of the Roman justice system. 529 A.D. to Byzantine ( It compiled and streamlined all the 534 A.D. Modern existing imperial constitutions Turkey) going back to the time of Hadrian. 1215 A.D. England The first English charter, it limited the king’s power, and protected the nobles privileges. 1945-1946 Germany It tried 22 of the most important Nazi leaders, and convicted 19 on charge of “crime against humanity”. 1948 A.D. United Arose after WWII after the atrocity Nations of Holocaust had been known, it represents the first global expression of rights to which all human beings are inherently entitled. Social Studies Department Larry Orsini, AP Page 28 9) Scientific and Technological Breakthroughs Name Neolithic Revolution Time Around 10000 B.C. Gutenberg Press Around 1440 A.D. Scientific Revolution 1543 A.D. to around 1700 Industrial Revolution Late 1700s to early 1800s Green Revolution 1940s Computer Revolution 1950 to present Place Middle East Contributions Transition from hunter-gatherers communities to farming settlements; domestication of animals and plants; beginning of river-valley civilizations. Germany The first movable type press in Europe, was used to publish the Gutenberg Bible, and helped to spread Renaissance and Reformation ideas Europe Works by Copernicus, Galileo, Kepler, Newton and others replaced the ancient Ptolemy geocentric theory with heliocentric theory, and Aristotelian 5 elements theory with atomic theory. Britain The invention of steam engine by James Watt propelled the English economy into the modern age, and created the world’s capitalistic system. Mexico, In 1943, Norman Borlaug developed Philippines, new high yield varieties of wheat India, and and later rice, and later on combined the third these with chemical fertilizers, world mechanical farming machines in India. The whole Computer and digital technology world have drastically improved our work, study, communication, and entertainment, but also created a digital divide. Moore’s Law is said to hold for another decade at least. Social Studies Department Larry Orsini, AP Page 29 10) Economic Systems Type Traditional Economy Barter economy Manorialism Time/Place Medieval Europe; some contemporary Third World countries Most economies in ancient time. Characteristics An economy usually based on subsistence farming, producing enough to feed only one’s family. Absence of money, the economy is usually farming based. Medieval Europe Based on the manor, an estate that included one or more villages and the surrounding lands. An economy theory that holds that the prosperity of a country depends on its control of capital. Mercantilism 16 – 18th century/ Europe Capitalism or 19 - 20th Free Market century/ Europe and much of the world Marxism, central planning economy, or command economy 20th century/ USSR, China, Cuba, Vietnam, North Korea. Wealth and the means to produce wealth are privately owned All means of production are controlled by the workers. Social Studies Department Larry Orsini, AP Significance The living standard is low, and is often tradition bound, family based. Trade and commerce are not common, and residents exchange what they produced with each other. Was essential for feudalism to work; provided resources, food etc. for knights and local lords. European governments such as Spain and England which sought to increase their exports and limit their imports by controlling overseas colonies. Sometimes known as laissez faire economy, this theory holds that government should not interfere with market activities. Led to major confrontations such as the Cold War during the 1900s. Page 30 11) Belief Systems Religion Buddhism Major Figures/Deities Founded by Gautama Buddha around 500B.C. in India Christianity A monotheistic religion founded on the teachings of Jesus Christ Confucianism Confucius, Mencius Hinduism Vishna and Shiva Judaism Islam Shinto Sacred Place/ areas of practice Has about 250 million followers mostly in East and Southeast Asia Popular in Africa, Europe, Asia, and South America. China, and East Asia Predominantly in India Subcontinent, with about 1 billion followers worldwide. One God Jerusalem. Some Yahweh. World’s Jews are first monotheistic dispersed over religion Europe, but most ,influenced Islam live in N. and Christianity. America, and Israel. One God - Allah; Middle East, Final Prophet Africa and Asia. Muhammad Polytheism, worship of natural forces (spirits) Indigenous religion of Japan Social Studies Department Larry Orsini, AP Major Tenets Four Nobel Truths, Nobel Eightfold Path, and Nirvana. Holy Bible, Ten Commandments, Resurrection, and Salvation. Filial Piety, rites, humility, and 5 Relationships Reincarnation, Dharma (personal duty), and Karma. Hebrew Bible, Covenant between God and Abraham, dietary laws and religious clothing. God revealed the Quran to Muhammad; adherence to 5 pillars, Sharia ( Islamic laws) Has a strong focus on rite and practice, but is nonetheless lack of a centralized structure. Page 31 12) Geography and its relationship with humans Feature Island/ Proximity to China Region Japan Time Period From 600 A.D. to Present Influence on the Life/People Cultural diffusion. Japan borrows much of its culture from China, but because of its geographical isolation, is able to develop its own unique culture. e.g. Buddhism, Confucianism, writings, tea, and clothing. Rivers Early 3100 B.C. to Annual flooding of River Nile brings Civilizations 1300 B.C. fertile soil from upstream. Abundance ( Egypt) of food supply thus enabled the Egyptians to build monuments such as Pyramids, and to devote resources in culture, religion, technology and art. th Natural England Late 18 An abundance of iron deposit, coal, and Resources century supply of wool enabled the nation to become the first industrialized nation, but the Industrialization Revolution also came with a high human cost. Monsoons India Throughout A seasonal prevailing wind that lasts for history several months, it brings heavy rainfall and flooding to India and Pakistan, and affects a huge population. Mountains China Before The mountains isolate China from its modern neighbors, and help the country to time develop its own unique culture. Rain Forest Brazil 1960The dense Amazon rainforest comprises present the largest and most species rich rainforest in the world, but is facing the danger of deforestation as the region becomes more densely populated in recent times. Social Studies Department Larry Orsini, AP Page 32 13) Turning Points, Revolutions, Changes, Leaders and Individuals who Changed History Events Reformation Individuals Martin Luther Time/Place 1517/ Germany Russian Revolution Lenin 1910s/ Russia Chinese Revolution Chairman Mao 1940s/ China Voyages of Columbus Christopher Columbus 15th Century/ Americas Collapse of The USSR Mikhail Gorbachev 1980s / Russia WWII Adolf Hitler 1933-45/ Germany Iranian Revolution Ayatollah Khomeini 1979/ Iran Social Studies Department Larry Orsini, AP Impact Posed his 95 Theses to dispute the Church’s claim that money could absolve punishment of sin, sparking the Protestant Reformation. He taught that salvation is a free gift of God and received only by grace through faith in Jesus. Leader of the October Revolution and the first leader of the Soviet Union, he, using the slogan, “Land, bread and peace,” led Russia out of the WWI, won the Civil War with the Whites, and created a state security/terror system. Leader of the People Republic of China from 1949 until his death in 1976, Mao was instrumental in winning the Chinese Civil War against Chiang and the Nationalist party. Initiated widespread contact between the Old and the New World, he led to the Spanish colonization of the South America, and the subsequent Columbian Exchange that depopulated the New World, and circulated a wide variety of crops and livestock. The last leader of the USSR, Gorbachev initiated his Glasnost (Openness) and Perestroika (Restructuring) policies, but was unable to arrest the rapid economic decline. Cold War and USSR came to an end in 1991 as the various Soviet Republics declared their independence. Came to power in a democratic election, Hitler nonetheless quickly declared a fascist dictatorship. Claiming that Germany needed Lebensraum (living space), he annexed Austria, invaded Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia, and started the WWII by invading Poland. The overthrow of Shan monarchy and its replacement with an Islamic theocracy. Page 33 14) Nationalist Leaders Individual Otto von Bismarck Time/ Country 19th Century/ Germany Monhandas 20th Gandhi Century/ India Action Contribution Creator and first Chancellor of the German Empire from 1871 – 1890. He was instrumental in Prussian victory over Denmark, Austria, and France. The pre-eminent leader of the Indian Independence Movement, he championed resisting tyranny through mass civil disobedience, such as Salt March and Home Spun Movement. Built Germany into the continent’s most powerful nation, and paved the way for the WWI, and the WWII. Jomo Kenyatta 20th century The first prime minister and / Kenya president of Kenya, he was a member of the radical Mau Mau Society, and used violence to ended British colonialism in Kenya. Simon Bolivar 19th century One of the most important / South leaders of South American America independence movement against Spain. He founded Gran Columbia, and was its president from 1821 – 1830. Social Studies Department Larry Orsini, AP The spiritual leader of the Indian independence, he inspired millions to struggle against the British empire by using peaceful means. A corrupt authoritarian who turned the country into a relatively prosperous capitalistic society, but ruled until the day he died. Lauded by six S. American countries as their founder, he was known as the Liberator, and remained influential even posthumously. Page 34 15) Movement of People and Goods/Interdependence Movement Silk Road Time/Place 100 B.C. to 1030 A.D./ From China to Europe and North Africa Crusades 1095 to 1291/ From Europe to Jerusalem and the Holy Land IMF/ World Bank/ EU/ WTO Bantu Migration Reason An extensive network of trade in silk and many other luxurious products A series of religion driven campaigns to fight against the Muslims who were occupying the Holy Land then. 1950s to present/ Seeking worldwide international cooperation to prevent the next Great Depression from happening again 1000s B.C. to 1600s A.D./ SubSahara Desert Social Studies Department Larry Orsini, AP a millennia-long series of migrations of herders and farmers seeking water and pasture Effect An important factor linking China, India, Central Asia, Egypt, Rome and Persia to form an extensive trading network. Opened up Europe to Islamic culture and trade, ended the Middle Ages, and aided the Italian Renaissance. Successfully built the most prosperous halfcentury in human history, during which global living standard and international trade improved. Completed the colonization of south Africa by the 17th century, with its language spoken all over Africa Page 35 Continued Movement/Interdependence Movement Potato Famine Time/Place 1850s / Ireland Global Migration Leading to massive migration to European countries th Late 19 Began as a After the Balfour century/ Europe reaction to Dreyfus Declaration, Affair, and founded more Jewish by Theodor Herzl moved back to to create a Jewish Israel nation state in today’s Israel. Established in To maintain world Results have 1945/ New York peace and been mixed at promote global best, impotent cooperation in during the Cold various issues War, but has more successes in human rights and health related issues Zionism United Nations Reason A potato disease exacerbated by a host of other factors, including an indifferent English government Current / mostly Global income from developing inequality and countries to the political unrest in West home country Social Studies Department Larry Orsini, AP Effect One million died and another million emigrated to other countries such as US. Page 36 16) Important Treaties/ Conferences Title Purpose Consequences Council of Trent Time/ Participants 1545 – 1563/ Catholic fathers Reaffirmed traditional Catholic doctrines, and ended abuses Congress of Vienna 1814-5/ Austria Berlin Conference/ Scramble for Africa Treaty of Versailles 1884/ Germany To condemn Protestantism and began the Counter Reformation To establish a balance of power and to turn back the clock To prevent bloodshed among European colonial powers To decide the future of the post WWI world Munich Conference 1938/ Germany Yalta Conference 1945/ USSR Treaty of Nanjing 1842/ China Prevented another continental war for almost one century With no African invaded, the great powers divided up Africa continent Imposed a huge indemnity and restraint on Germany, led to the rise of radical parties in Germany To settle the crisis Known as caused by Hitler’s Appeasement, the annexation of British and English Sudetenland leaders allowed Germany to keep the land without any consequences To decide the future Soviet was allowed to of post war Europe keep Eastern Europe, a major factor leading to the Cold War To mark the Opium Led to a century of War between Britain defeat and humiliation and China, the first of for the Chinese, and many unequal eventually led to the treaties to come rise of nationalism and Boxer Rebellion 1919/ Paris, France Social Studies Department Larry Orsini, AP Page 37 17) Terms You Should Know Term Terrace farming Totalitarian state Cultural Diffusion Ethnocentrism Time/ Place Used widely in China and S. E. Asia and Inca empire 20th century/ Nazi Germany, Communist China, Fascist Italy, and USSR Examples: Buddhism spread from India- ChinaKorea-Japan, and the concept of zero from India to Arabic land Ancient China Colonialism Practiced by European powers after the Age of Exploration Divine Right James I of England, Louis XIV of France and Phillip II of Spain Marshall Plan 1948-51/ W. Europe Containment Post WWII Five Year Plans 1928 – 1991/ USSR Social Studies Department Larry Orsini, AP Meaning used in farming to cultivate sloped land Government in which a one party dictatorship regulates every aspect of citizens’ lives The spread of ideas, customs, and technologies from one people to another The belief in the inherent superiority of one's own ethnic group or culture The establishment of colonies in one territory by people from another territory. The assertion that a monarch derives his right to rule directly from the will of God. The U. S. poured financial aiding totaling $13 billion into the economies of Western Europe a United States policy using numerous strategies to prevent the spread of communism abroad a series of nation-wide centralized economic plans in the Soviet Union Page 38 Unit 1 : Covering all the ancient civilizations (golden Ages) up to the fall of Roman Empires ANCIENT WORLD—CIVILIZATIONS AND RELIGIONS (4000 BC - 500 AD) Unit 2 : From the Middle Ages to the Islamic empire to the Mongols Empire EXPANDING ZONES OF EXCHANGE AND ENCOUNTER (500 - 1200) Unit 3 : The African and MesoAmerican civilizations and Renaissance in Europe GLOBAL INTERACTIONS (1200 - 1650) Unit 4: From Zeng he’s explorations and Spanish and Portuguese expeditions to the Absolute monarchs THE FIRST GLOBAL AGE (1450 - 1770) Unit 5 : From the Scientific Revolution to Enlightenment to French Revolution till the WWI AN AGE OF REVOLUTION (1750 - 1914) Unit 6: From the WWI to the end of WWII A HALF CENTURY OF CRISIS AND ACHIEVEMENT (1900 - 1945) Unit 7 : From the Cold War to the current world and its problems THE 20TH CENTURY SINCE 1945 Social Studies Department Larry Orsini, AP Page 39