Download Spread of Islam Powerpoint

AIM: HOW DID THE DEATH OF
MUHAMMAD INFLUENCE THE
GROWTH OF ISLAM?
Do Now Muhammad’s Final Sermon
MUHAMMAD’S FAREWELL ADDRESS
 Just
days before he died, Muhammad gave a
farewell address to his followers.
1. How does Muhammad view women?
2. What rights do women have over men?
3. Are all people equal?
4. What are Muslims supposed to do to nonbelievers?
5. How should Muslims regard any new people who
claim to be prophets?
IMPORTANT VOCABULARY
Caliph – n – highest political and religious leader
in a Muslim government. When Muhammad
died, his successor was called the caliph.
 Sunni – n – branch of Islam whose members
believe the first four caliphs are the rightful
successors to Muhammad.
 Shi’a (Shiite) – n – branch of Islam whose
members believe Ali and his descendents are the
rightful successors to Muhammad.

2,000,000,000 MUSLIMS WORLDWIDE
 Only
7.5% to 11%. are Shia
 Up to 93.5% are Sunni
5 PILLARS OF ISLAM
Faith
 Pray 5 times a day
 Alms – Give to charity
 Hajj – Pilgrimage to
Mecca
 Fasting - Ramadan

THE FIRST 4 CALIPHS ARE CONSIDERED THE
“RIGHTLY GUIDED” CALIPHS. THEY WERE
ELECTED.
 Caliph
– n – highest political and religious leader in
a Muslim government. When Muhammad died, his
successor was called the caliph.
Abu Bakr (632-634 A.D.)
 Umar ibn al-Khattab, (Umar І) (634-644 A.D.)
 Uthman ibn Affan (644-656 A.D.)
 Ali ibn Abi Talib (656-661 A.D.)


The election of the first caliph angered a group of Muslims
who felt Ali, Muhammad’s son-in-law/cousin should be
Caliph. While he eventually became the 4th caliph, a schism
had developed and Islam divided into 2 major sects.
AFTER MUHAMMAD’S DEATH ISLAM
SPLINTERED INTO 2 MAIN GROUPS.


Shia – Followers of Shia Islam are
known as Shiites or Shias. (Shee-Ites).
Shiites felt that Muhammad’s son-inlaw/nephew Ali was Muhammad’s
rightful successor, and that all leaders
should come from Muhammad’s family.
Sunni – Followers of Sunni Islam believe
that all of the early rulers (caliphs) were
the rightful rulers and it did not matter
if they came from Muhammad’s family.
Most Muslims are Sunni.
SUFISM
A third, mystical branch of Islam.
 Sufis consider themselves as the original true
proponents of this pure original form of Islam.
They are strong adherents to the principal of
tolerance, peace and against any form of violence.
 Focuses heavily on meditation.

1. ABU BAKR – MUHAMMAD’S FATHER-INLAW (632-634)
2. UMAR IBN AL-KHATTAB, (UMAR І) (634644 A.D.)

Not all Muslims accepted Umar I as the Caliph.
3. UTHMAN IBN AFFAN (644-656 A.D.)
Part of the Umayyad clan.
 Sent the first Muslim envoy to China in 650 A.D.
 Assassinated in 656 A.D.

4. ALI IBN ABI TALIB (656-661 A.D.)
Revered by the Shia branch of Islam as the
second most important Muslim after
Muhammad.
 Seen as one of the 4 “Rightly Guided” caliphs by
the Sunni.
 Assassinated in 661 A.D. while praying by his
cousin, a Kharijite.

MAUWIYAH OF THE UMAYYAD CLAN.
Had rebelled against Ali when he was named
caliph due to his clans anger over the
assassination of Uthman.
 This led Kharijites to label Mauwiyah an
apostate (betrayer/infidel) for rebelling.
 During a short war, Ali was on the verge of
defeating Mauwiyah when Mawiyah sought to
negotiate a surrender.
 When Ali agreed to negotiate, the Kharijites
labelled him an apostate (betrayer/infidel) for not
killing Mauwiyah.
 Kharijites felt all apostates deserved death.

KHARIJITES
 Kharijites
were an extreme sect that
insisted that any Muslim could be a
leader of the Muslim community and on
the right to revolt against any ruler who
deviated from their interpretation of
Islam.
 How
would you describe the Kharijites?
ALI WAS SUCCEEDED BY HIS SON



Al-Hasan ibn ‘Alī ibn Abī Tālib
During his short rule, Muawiyah ibn Abi
Sufyan, a member of the Umayyad clan, who had
a dispute with Ali, gathered a large army to fight
for power. Al-Hasan eventually stepped down to
avoid bloodshed, and Muawiyah established the
Umayyad Caliphate and made it a hereditary
position. His family ruled from 661-750 C.E.
The Shiites refused to accept his rule, but the
Sunni did.
DETERMINE WHICH BRANCH OF ISLAM IS
MORE, “LIBERAL”.

Which of the following is more liberal in their
interpretation of Muhammad’s will, Shi’as or
Sunnis?
SHI’A VS. SUNNI
EXPANSION
 During
the time of the early Caliphs, the
Islamic world expanded its influence.