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European History AP
Unit 1: Middle Ages, Renaissance, Reformation
Part 1: Map of Europe. Find a current map of Europe and identify and study all the countries,
capitals and major bodies of water in the continent.
PART 2: Read chapters 12, 13 and 14 from McKay’s Western Society and answer all the review
questions below.
(Typed, single spaced assignments are preferred. Separately print each chapter.)
CHAPTER 12: THE CRISIS OF THE LATER MIDDLE AGES, DUE SEPT 5TH
1. What were the underlying and precipitating causes of the Hundred Years’ War? What advantages
did each side have? Why were the French finally able to drive the English almost entirely out of
France?
2. What were the causes of the Black Death, and why did it spread so quickly throughout Western
Europe? Where was it most virulent? What were its effects on European society. How important
do you think disease is in changing the course of history?
3. What were the social and psychological effects of repeated attacks of plague and disease?
4. What economic difficulties did Europe experience?
5. Some scholars maintain that war is often the catalyst for political, economic, and social change.
Does the theory have validity for the fourteenth century?
6. What provoked schism in the church, and what impact did it have on the lives of ordinary people?
7. How did new national literatures reflect political and social developments?
8. How and why did the laws of settlers in frontier regions reveal a strong racial or ethnic
discrimination?
9. Read Individuals and Society (p.397) and Listening to the Past (p. 410 to 411) answer the
questions for analysis # 1 to 2 at the end of each section.
10. Completely define the Key Terms on page 408.
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73
Chapter 13: European Society in the Age of the Renaissance
CHAPTER 13: EUROPEAN SOCIETY IN THE AGE OF THE
RENAISSANCE, DUE SEPTEMBER 10TH
1. Discuss the meanings of the term renaissance.
2. Explain the economic context for the Renaissance.
3. Describe the new status of the artist in Renaissance Italy. Who were some of the famous literary
and artistic figures of the Italian Renaissance? What did they have in common that might be
described as the “spirit of the Renaissance”?
4. Analyze the meanings of the terms humanism, secularism, and individualism as applied by
scholars to the Renaissance.
5. Explain how the Italian Renaissance affected politics, the economy, and society. How did the
actions of Niccolo Machiavelli signify a new era in Italian civilization?
6. Elaborate on the evolution of medieval kingdoms into early modern nation-states, and the spread
of Renaissance humanism northward.
7. How did the Renaissance in the north differ from the Italian Renaissance? In what ways was
Erasmus the embodiment of the Northern Renaissance?
8. Read Individuals and Society (p.427) and Listening to the Past (p. 450 to 451) answer the ALL
the questions for analysis at end of each section.
9. Completely define the Key Terms on page 447.
10. Handout Readings: (50 points)
a. Niccolo Machiavelli, From The Prince: Power Politics During the Italian Renaissance,
1513.
b. Thomas More, From Utopia: On Diplomatic Advice, 1516.
c. Christine de Pizan, From The Book of the City of Ladies: Advice for a Wise Princess,
1404.
d. Account of an Italian Jew Expelled from Spain, 1492.
e. Comparative Questions.
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74
Chapter 13: European Society in the Age of the Renaissance
CHAPTER 14: REFORM AND RENEWAL IN THE CHRISTIAN
CHURCH, DUE SEPTEMBER 17TH
1. Discuss a historical context for the Protestant Reformation of the sixteenth century. What were
the main problems of the church that contributed to the Protestant Reformation? Why was the
church unable to suppress dissent as it had earlier?
2. Explain Protestantism’s impact on Western society.
3. Why did the reformation begin in Germany? What political factors contributed to the success of
the Reformation there?
4. List and analyze the contributions of major Protestant reformers.
5. Why did Henry VIII finally break with the Catholic Church? Was the “new” religion he
established really Protestant?
6. Explain how the Catholic Church withstood the onslaught of Protestantism. What was the
Catholic Reformation, and what principal decisions and changes were instituted by the Council of
Trent?
7. Read Individuals and Society (p.481) and Listening to the Past (p. 486 to 487) answer the ALL
the questions for analysis at end of each section.
8. Completely define the Key Terms on page 484.
9. Handout Readings: (50pts.)
a. Desiderius Erasmus, From The Praise of Folly: On Popluar Religious Practice, 1509.
b. Martin Luther, Ninety-five Theses on the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences, 1517.
c. Imperial Diet of Augsburg, On the Religious Peace of Augsburg, 1555.
d. Nicholas de la Fontaine, The Trial of Michael Servetus in Calvin’s Geneva, 1553.
e. Comparative Questions.
Note: You may be tested on the map, the assigned reading and chapters on the first week of
school!
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Chapter 13: European Society in the Age of the Renaissance
75
Unit 1 Exam (2 parts)
Part I: Essay (see seminar prompts below) and Part II: Multiple Choice - Friday
September 21.
Essay: Your instructor may select any one of the following prompts for the in class timed
essay exam question.
During the first part of September, you may want to select one of the Unit 2 and 3
prompts/topics to present to the class. Each student is required to conduct one seminar a
semester. You must supply each student with a copy of your outline with a list of sources.
UNIT 1: ESSAY/SEMIMAR PROMPTS – Presentations are on September 19th.
1. Discuss how Renaissance ideas are expressed in the Italian art of the period, referring to
specific works and artists.
2. To what extent and in what ways may the Renaissance be regarded as a turning point in
Western intellectual and cultural tradition?
3. “The Reformation was a rejection of the secular spirit of the Italian Renaissance.” Defend or
refute this statement using specific examples from 16 th century Europe.
4. Compare and contrast the Lutheran Reformation and the Catholic Reformation of the 16 th
century regarding the reform of both religious doctrines and religious practices.
5. Describe and analyze the ways in which sixteenth-century Roman Catholics defended their
faith against the Protestant Reformation.
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76
Chapter 13: European Society in the Age of the Renaissance
Unit 1 Study Guide (Completely identify each one) Multiple Choice and Essay
exam on Friday 21th
1. Martin Luther
2. Ninety Five Theses (Identify and know why he wrote it!)
3. Martin Luther on women, and marriage
4. Why did many German Princes like and convert to Luther’s teachings/views?
5. indulgence
6. pluralism
7. John Calvin
8. Anabaptist
9. The Reformation in England
10. The Reformation in Eastern Europe
11. The Diet of Worms
12. The Twelve Articles
13. Peace of Augsburg
14. Why did Catholic France support Protestantism in Germany?
15. Catholic Reformation
16. Office of the Night
17. Slavery in Renaissance Italy
18. What was the official attitude towards homosexuality and rape during the time period?
19. Political and economic effects of the black death
20. The spread of literacy was a response to…
21. Humanism as a Renaissance term means…
22. Identify: Italian popolo
23. oligarchies
24. Consequences of the Hundred Years’ War
25. The direct cause of the Hundred Years’ War between England and France was
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Chapter 13: European Society in the Age of the Renaissance
77
26. The rebellions that swept across Europe in the late 14 th and early 15 th centuries involved
27. During the Hundred Years’ War, the English kings were supported by some French barons
because …
28. Describe: Italian balance of power diplomacy
29. Charles V
30. Castiglione
31. Laura Cereta
32. Machiavelli’s view on “good” government.
33. Erasmus on reform
34. Explain the importance of Thomas More’s Utopia
35. Impact on the Renaissance on ordinary women vs. higher class women.
36. On the Dignity of Man
37. Pope Paul III and IV and the Council of Trent
38. Loyola
39. “International Style”
40. What was the main goal of the newly established Catholic religious orders in the 16 th
century?
41. Ursuline Order
42. signori
43. The spread of literacy was brought about by
44. Describe the importance of “Individuality” as seen during the Renaissance.
45. Explain how feudal nobility and the commercial elites assimilated in northern Italy.
46. Describe the importance of the city-state Florence on Renaissance art.
47. What topics and/or actions did critics of the church attack?
48. How do Catholic historians view the Reformation?
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