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Body Organization
Anatomy vs. Physiology LT#1
Anatomy is the study of structure of
body parts & their relation to one
another
Physiology is the study of the
function of the body’s structural
machinery
Structure of an organ suits its
function
LT#2
Atoms
Molecules
Macromolecules
Cells w/organelles
Tissues
Organs
Organ Systems
Organism
Levels of Organization – pg 2 LT#2
Chemical – atoms combined to form
molecules
Cellular – cells are made of molecules
Tissue – consists of similar types of
cells
Organ – made up of different types of
tissues
Organ system – consists of different
organs that work closely together
Organism – made up of the organ
systems
Anatomical Position LT#3
Standing erect
Face forward
Arms at the sides
Palms and toes forward
Planes of the body LT#3
Relative positions of the body
LT#3
Superior / inferior –which plane?
Anterior / posterior –which plane?
Medial / lateral –which plane?
Proximal / distal –which plane?
Superficial / deep –which plane?
Central / peripheral –which plane?
Regions of the body SQ5
Gross Anatomy = macroscopic
Axial – head, neck, trunk
Appendicular – limbs (arms & legs)
Body cavities LT#4
Dorsal = 1
– Cranial cavity
– Spinal cavity
Ventral = 2
– Thoracic
Pleural cavity
Pericardial cavity
– Abdominopelvic
Abdominal
Pelvic
Organs within body cavities
LT#5
Dorsal / posterior – brain & spinal
cord
Ventral / anterior – chest & abdomen
Chest – thoracic cavity: heart &
lungs
Diaphram divides thorax / abdomen
Abdominopelvic cavity – digestive
organs, kidneys, bladder, gonads
Organ systems & associated organs
LT#6
1)Integumentary sys – skin, hair, nails,
sweat glands, sebaceous glands
2)Skeletal sys – bones, cartilage,
ligaments, red & yellow marrow
3)Muscular sys – skeletal muscle,
smooth muscle, cardiac muscle
4)Nervous sys – brain, spinal cord,
sense organs
5)Endocrine sys – hormone secreting
glands, like gonads
Organ systems & associated
organs LT#6 (continued)
6) Circulatory sys – heart, blood vessels,
lymph
7) Lymphatic sys – disease fighting =
immune system
8)Respiratory sys – lungs, bronchial tubes
9)Digestive sys – mouth (teeth, tongue,
salivary glands), esophagus, stomach,
small intestine, colon, liver, gall bladder,
pancreas
10)Reproductive sys – gonads, external sex
organs
Functions of the organ systems LT#7
1. Integumentary – protection,
temperature control, senses
2. Skeletal – support, protection,
blood production, mineral storage
3. Muscular – movement, fight/flight
response
4. Nervous – perception, information
processing, responses
5. Endocrine – produces hormones to
regulate all functions
Functions of the organ
systems LT#7 (continued)
6. Circulatory – transport nutrients,
eliminate waste
7. Lymphatic – disease fighting
8. Respiratory – oxygen in, carbon
dioxide out
9. Digestive – receives & processes
nutrients
10.Reproductive – perpetuation of the
species
Homeostasis & how to maintain it LT#8
Keeping the body’s internal
environment fairly constant:
[glucose 0.1%], pH 7.4, BP 120/80,
temperature ~37 C (98.6 F)
Negative feedback (fig 1.9 p 13)
Positive feedback
Negative feedback – the output
shuts off the original stimulus
e.g. regulation of blood glucose
Positive feedback – output
exaggerates the original stimulus –
e.g. regulation of blood clotting
Disease: Local vs. Systemic LT#9
A breakdown in normal selfregulation – homeostasis fails!
Local – restricted to a certain body
part (e.g. UTI – urinary tract
infection)
Systemic – entire body affected or at
least several organ systems
Acute vs. chronic / sudden, short vs.
less severe & longer duration
Name the 4 quadrants of the
abdominopelvic cavity. Divide it into the
9 regions. SQ#7
9 abdomminopelvic regions
SQ#7
Organ donation – the application piece.
Please read the Medical Focus on p. 10.
Answer the following questions
– Why is organ donation fairly successful?
(2 reasons)
– How many organs can be given from 1
person?
– What is problematic about organ
donation?
– What are the requirements for
donation?
– How are organs distributed?
Organ donation reflection
(10pts)
Write a brief reflection about how
you feel about organ donation.
Would you do it? Have you done it
already?
What about the film 7 Pounds?
Would you want to prescreen your
donations?