Download 2.3-Kingdom on the Nile-

Every spring, the rains from the
interior of Central Africa race down and
feed the Nile
 In ancient times, Egyptians eagerly
awaited the annual flood to soak the
land with life- giving water and
deposited a rich layer of silt.
Dikes, reservoirs, and irrigation
ditches were built by the government to
help control the flooding and store
water for the dry season
“Black Land” was the area in which all
farming took place because of the rich
soil.
“Red Land” was the sun- baked desert
that stretches across North Africa
Lower Egypt
Upper
Egypt
BC
AD
0
Cataract- Waterfall; the Nile’s 1st cataract
is within 100 miles of the Mediterranean
Sea
Delta- Triangular area of marshland
formed by deposits of silt and the mouth
of some rivers
 3100 BC- King Menes of Upper Egypt
united the 2 regions and founded the 1st
capital at Memphis, near where the Nile
empties into its Delta.
The river served as a popular trade
route with Egyptian merchants in sailboats
and barges.
Dynasty- ruling family
Pharaohs- Egyptian Kings; organized strong
government and religion, but the pharaoh held
absolute power
• Pharaohs took pride in preserving justice and order
and did so by means of Bureaucracy- system of
government that includes different job functions and
levels of authority.
•In Egypt the pharaoh depended on a Vizier- chief
minister to supervise the business of government
(many were scribes)
•During this time, the Egyptians built many
necropolises, or cemeteries.
• Built the “Great Pyramids”
1.Power Struggles
2.Crop Failures
3.Cost of building the pyramids
 Corruption and rebellions were common
1700 BC- Egypt was conquered by the Hyksos.
The Egyptians impressed the Hyksos by catching onto the
military technique of using horse- drawn chariots.
The Hyksos adopted the Egyptian beliefs, customs, and even
names and eventually became the New Kingdom
1450 BC was height of
the New Kingdom and
Egyptians were in contact
with people in
southwestern Asia and
parts of Africa

Three Powerful Rulers:
Hatshepsut, Thutmose III,
and Ramses II
 Egypt’s
1st female ruler
1472 BC- 1458 BC
she encourage trade
with the eastern
Mediterranean lands
and along the Red Sea
coast of Africa.
Stepson was
Thutmose III
 Took over as Pharaoh once
he reached adulthood
Great military general
Stretched Egypt’s borders to
their greatest extent ever
 Ruled for 66 years
Best known of all rulers because
he boasted of his conquests on
numerous temples and
monuments.
Ironically, his greatest victory
may never have actually taken
place.
After 1100 BC Egyptian power began to
decline because. .

- Invaders such as the Assyrians and
Persians conquered the Nile Region.
 332 BC the last Egyptian dynasty ended as
the Greeks took control
30 BC Roman armies displaced the Greeks
 Explain
the impact of the Nile River on Egyptian civilization?
 Explain how pharaohs, bureaucracy, and viziers work together?
Analyze the importance and impact of the Old Kingdom?
Discuss the turbulence of the Middle Kingdom?
 Analyze the impact of Hatshepsut, Thutmose III, and Ramses II
on the New Kingdom?
Discuss the reasons behind the collapse of Egypt?