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Name:________________Hr_____ Guided Notes Chapter 4.2 By 750 B.C. the city-state or what the Greeks called a__________ became the central focus of Greek life. We get our word ____________ from this word. The polis served as a place where people from the city as well as the surrounding countryside could meet for ___________, ___________, and ____________ activities. The main gathering place in the polis was usually a hill with a fortified area at the top called an _________________. _______________: Served as a place of refuge during an attack and sometimes came to be a religious center on which temples and public buildings were built. - Below the acropolis was an _______________:. Place where people could _______________: and served as a market. - Varied in size from a few square miles to a few _______________: square miles. - Also varied in _______________:; Athens had more than 300,000 by 5th century B.C. Community of the City State The polis above all was a place where people shared a common _______________ and common goals. The community consisted of: Citizens with political rights (_______________) Citizens with no political rights (_______________and _______________) Noncitizens (_______________, slaves, and resident aliens ) Aristotle argued that a citizen did not belong to himself or herself but to the _______________ By 700 B.C. the city-states had developed a military system based on ___________. ___________: heavily armed infantry soldiers that carried a round shield, a short sword, and a thrusting spear about 9 feet long. Went into battle as a unit, marching shoulder to shoulder in a rectangular formation known as a ___________. This wall of shields protected the hoplites during battle. Sparta • Needed more land • Conquered _____________and _____________ • Made them helots (slaves) • Military discipline by spartans • Joined military at age 30 • Oligarchy led by 2 kings • _____________ was the main focus Athens Oligarchy led by _____________ Full power given to _____________ ◦ Freed slaves ◦ Cancelled debt ◦ Could not avoid Tyranny ◦ Piesistratus took over • Aided trade • Gave aristocrats land to peasants • His son was overthrown _____________ then took over creating Athenian Democracy