Download ICP Final Study Guide for 2013 Multiple Choice Identify the choice

ICP Final Study Guide for 2013
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____
1. According to the kinetic theory of matter, which of the following statements is true about matter?
a.
b.
____
c.
d.
solid
plasma
gas
liquid
c.
d.
solid
plasma
gas
liquid
c.
d.
solid
plasma
mass is lost only in physical changes.
total mass stays the same in changes of
state.
c.
d.
mass is lost only in chemical changes.
only energy is lost in changes of state.
7. According to the law of conservation of energy,
a.
b.
____
gas
liquid
6. According to the law of conservation of mass,
a.
b.
____
moving in the same direction
moving slowly
5. State of matter where the particles are in constant motion and rarely stick together.
a.
b.
____
c.
d.
4. State of matter where the particles are in a rigid, fixed structure.
a.
b.
____
always fixed in position
always in motion
3. State of matter where the particles can slide past each other, but are still packed together.
a.
b.
____
More massive particles move more slowly
than less massive particles.
All of the above
2. All matter is made of atoms and molecules that are
a.
b.
____
The atoms and molecules of a substance are c.
always in motion.
The higher the temperature of a substance, d.
the faster its particles move.
energy is not absorbed or released in
c.
changes of state.
a substance has the same energy before and d.
after a change of state.
energy is not created or destroyed in
changes of state.
energy is not transferred during changes of
state.
8. Atoms sometimes form bonds to
a.
b.
lose energy
become more stable
c.
d.
give away neutrons
give away protons
____
9. Sodium has one electron in its outer shell and chlorine has seven electrons in its outer shell. The atoms will form
a(n) ____________ bond by ____________ their electrons.
a.
b.
____
suspension
All of the above
universal
nonpolar
c.
d.
decanted
polar
polar
dispersed
c.
d.
nonpolar
homogenous
heterogeneous solvent.
homogeneous solvent.
c.
d.
universal solvent.
universal solute.
concentration of H+ ions
molarity of the solute
c.
d.
concentration of metal ions
solubility of the solute
colloid
suspension
c.
d.
solution
emulsion
17. Magnesium (Mg) is located to the right of sodium (Na) because Mg has
a.
b.
____
c.
d.
16. A mixture that separates into different layers when you stop stirring it is a(n)
a.
b.
____
alloy
solution
15. What does the pH of a solution measure?
a.
b.
____
alloys
colloids
14. Because many substances dissolve in water, water is referred to as the
a.
b.
____
c.
d.
13. Compounds that do not dissolve in water are usually
a.
b.
____
suspensions
emulsions
12. A molecule that has partially charged positive and negative areas is
a.
b.
____
ionic, transferring
ionic, sharing
11. Particles in a(n) ____________ can be separated by filtration.
a.
b.
____
c.
d.
10. Pennies minted after 1984 contain 97.5% zinc and 2.5% copper. These coins are examples of
a.
b.
____
covalent, transferring
covalent, sharing
fewer protons.
no neutrons.
18. Each column of the periodic table is
c.
d.
no protons
more protons.
a.
b.
____
c.
d.
a higher atomic number.
a higher group number.
color
number of neutrons
c.
d.
atomic weight
electron arrangement
valence electrons.
neutral electrons
c.
d.
inner electrons.
total electrons.
be highly reactive.
form ions.
c.
d.
become charged
All of the above
metals.
nonmetals.
c.
d.
metalloids
semiconductors
25. Most elements on the left side of the periodic table are
a.
b.
____
fewer protons.
a lower atomic number.
24. Most elements are
a.
b.
____
at every tenth element.
at regular intervals.
23. Elements that have one valence electron tend to
a.
b.
____
c.
d.
22. Elements that belong to the same group have the same number of
a.
b.
____
to the left of each other.
to the right of each other.
21. What is the location of elements in the periodic table related to?
a.
b.
____
an isotope.
a period.
20. As you move from up to down in a column of the periodic table, elements have
a.
b.
____
c.
d.
19. The periodic law states that elements that have similar properties appear
a.
b.
____
an element.
a group.
semiconductors.
metals.
c.
d.
nonmetals.
metalloids
c.
d.
metalloids.
shiny.
26. Most nonmetals are
a.
b.
brittle.
good conductors.
____
27. Each element in an element family shares the same
a.
b.
____
under all conditions
under almost all conditions
c.
d.
under some conditions
under no conditions
polymer
reactant
c.
d.
radical
product
30. A type of reaction that produces an increase in temperature is
a.
b.
____
number of valence electrons
atomic number.
29. The substance that is formed in a chemical reaction is called the
a.
b.
____
c.
d.
28. When can semiconductors conduct heat and electricity?
a.
b.
____
average atomic mass.
number of protons.
endothermic
exothermic
c.
d.
31. Chemical energy is:
a. due to the number of valence electrons
c.
b. energy released when a chemical compound d.
reacts.
covalent
nonpolar
related to the periodic table
energy due to the size of an atom
____
32. During a chemical reaction, the number of atoms in the reactants
a. equals the number of atoms in the product c. is less than the number of atoms in the
product
b. is greater than the number of atoms in the
product
____
33. Which of the following stores chemical energy?
a.
b.
____
the temperature of a substance
the density of a substance
c.
d.
the bonds of a molecule
the nucleus of an atom
34. Which of these is not a sign of a chemical reaction?
a.
b.
A gas is given off.
Light energy is released
c.
d.
Heat is released
A color change occurs
____
35. The smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element is a(n):
a. molecule
c. substance
b. atom
d. compound
____
36. Solids, liquids, and gases are three forms of matter that:
a. take up space
c. are made of atoms
b. have mass
d. All of the above
____
____
37. How many atoms are in a single molecule of
a. 2
b. 3
?
c.
d.
38. A group of atoms that acts as a unit is called an(n):
a. compound
c.
b. mixture
d.
5
6
molecule
element
____
39. Anything that has mass and takes up space is called:
a. pure substance
c. solid
b. matter
d. compound
____
40. A chemical property of copper is its
a.
b.
____
density
reactivity with powerful acids
c.
d.
nonflammability
None of the above
pressure
temperature
c.
d.
density
weight
c.
d.
by both chemical and physical changes
None of the above
c.
d.
hot objects melt
new substances form
43. How can a chemical change be reversed?
a.
b.
____
color
melting point
42. An object’s volume can be found by dividing its mass by its
a.
b.
____
c.
d.
41. A physical property of gold is its
a.
b.
____
density
reactivity
by chemical changes
by physical changes
44. A chemical change occurs whenever
a.
b.
substances are mixed
objects change shape
____
45. The chemical symbol for sulfuric acid is H2SO4. How many atoms are contained in each molecule of sulfuric acid?
a. 3
c. 6
b. 4
d. 7
____
46. A substance has a mass of 360 g and a volume of 7.5 mL. What is its density?
a.
b.
____
2,700 g/mL
480 g/mL
47. Positive charges ____________ one another.
c.
d.
270 g/mL
48 g/mL
a.
b.
____
repel
join
proton
electron
c.
d.
coulomb
neutron
49. A material that allows electric charges to move easily is a/an
a.
b.
____
c.
d.
48. Which of the following is a negatively charged particle?
a.
b.
____
attract
cancel
electrical insulator
electric force
c.
d.
polarization
electrical conductor
50. The force of attraction or repulsion between objects due to charge is
a.
b.
electrical insulator
electric force
c.
d.
polarization
electrical conductor
____
51. A material that does not easily transfer electric charge is called a/an
a. electrical conductor
c. coulomb
b. electrical insulator
d. electric charge
____
52. An electrical property of matter that creates electric and magnetic forces and interactions is
a. electrical conductor
c. coulomb
b. electrical insulator
d. electric charge
____
53. The rate at which charges move through a conductor is called
a.
b.
____
Voltage
Charge
c.
d.
Resistance
Ampere
0.25 A
4.0 A
c.
d.
18 A
144 A
56. What voltage is required to pass 0.5 A of current through a 4.5-W bulb?
a.
b.
____
current
electric potential energy
55. A 6.0-V battery is connected to a 24-W (ohm) resistor. What is the current in the resistor?
a.
b.
____
c.
d.
54. ____________ is the opposition posed by a material to the flow of current.
a.
b.
____
voltage
resistance
0.11 V
2.25 V
c.
d.
3V
9V
57. A region where a magnetic force can be detected is a(n)
a.
b.
____
ellipses
closed loops.
magnetic fields.
poles.
c.
d.
objects.
permanent magnets.
bar magnet
pole
c.
d.
solenoid
domain
weaker
stronger
c.
d.
perpendicular
parallel
canceling charges.
like charges.
c.
d.
opposite charges.
moving charges.
balanced forward force.
unbalanced backward force.
c.
d.
balanced backward force.
unbalanced forward force.
65. The gravitational force between two objects depends on masses of objects and
a.
b.
____
c.
d.
64. A seat belt helps you when your car stops suddenly by providing a(n)
a.
b.
____
straight lines.
intersecting lines.
63. Magnetism is caused by
a.
b.
____
cancel
None of the above
62. Increasing the number of coils in a solenoid or an electromagnet results in a _____________ magnetic field.
a.
b.
____
c.
d.
61. A device that produces a magnetic field by wrapping wire into a coil is a
a.
b.
____
attract
repel
60. Magnetic force is the force due to interacting
a.
b.
____
magnetic field.
potential circuit.
59. Magnetic field lines always form
a.
b.
____
c.
d.
58. The north poles of two different magnets will ____________ one another.
a.
b.
____
electric circuit.
gravitational attraction.
accelerations of objects.
distance between objects
c.
d.
speeds of objects.
sizes of objects.
66. When an object is in free fall, the only force acting on it is
a.
b.
____
mass and velocity.
weight and acceleration.
It is the same.
It is less.
c.
d.
It is equal to zero.
It is greater.
reaction forces
action forces
c.
d.
balanced forces
unbalanced forces
force
inertia
c.
d.
momentum
deceleration
1 m/s.
9.8 m/s.
c.
d.
1 m/s2
9.8 m/s2
56 N acting on a 1-kg box
56 N acting on a 2-kg box
c.
d.
23 N acting on a 2-kg box
23 N acting on a 5-kg box
74. How much does a 59.0 kg woman weigh on Earth?
a.
b.
____
c.
d.
73. Which of the following will result in the greatest acceleration?
a.
b.
____
weight and velocity.
mass and acceleration.
72. One newton is the force that can give a mass of 1 kg an acceleration of
a.
b.
____
depends on an object’s mass.
None of the above
71. When the velocity of an object changes, it is acted upon by a(n)
a.
b.
____
c.
d.
70. If the net force on an object is zero, then the object has
a.
b.
____
depends on an object’s weight.
is the same for all objects.
69. How does the total momentum of two objects before a collision compare with the total momentum after the
collision?
a.
b.
____
inertia
terminal velocity
68. An object’s momentum is determined by the object’s
a.
b.
____
c.
d.
67. Free-fall acceleration near Earth’s surface
a.
b.
____
gravity
friction
6.02 N
59.0 lb
c.
d.
145 lb
578 N
75. Which statement about action-reaction force pairs is incorrect?
a.
b.
____
c.
d.
rapidly increases.
None of the above
power
work
c.
d.
distance
mechanical advantage
0J
54 J
c.
d.
66 J
78 J
Power
Joule
c.
d.
Speed
Mechanical advantage
7.5 W
75 W
c.
d.
178 W
430 W
82. ____________ is a measure of the ability to do work.
a.
b.
____
slowly decreases.
remains constant.
81. How much power is required to do 180 J of work in 2.4 s?
a.
b.
____
curie.
pasteur.
80. ____________ is defined as the rate at which work is done.
a.
b.
____
c.
d.
79. A boy exerts an average force of 65 N when he lifts a box 1.2 meters. How much work does he do?
a.
b.
____
newton.
einstein.
78. The transfer of energy to a body by the application of a force that causes the body to move in the direction of the
force is called
a.
b.
____
They occur at the same time.
They are equal and opposite.
77. When air resistance equals the weight of a falling object, the velocity
a.
b.
____
c.
d.
76. The SI unit of force, named after the scientist who described the relationship between motion and force, is called
the
a.
b.
____
They act on the same object.
They always occur in pairs.
Photosynthesis
Power
c. Respiration
d. Energy
83. Calculate the gravitational potential energy relative to the ground when an 82 kg person climbs to the top of a 2.0
m stepladder.
a.
b.
164 J
330 J
c.
d.
402 J
1607 J
____
84. The energy due to motion is:
a.
b.
____
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
7 m/s
8 m/s
93.
maximum
minimum
c.
d.
zero
average
increases
decreases
c.
d.
remains constant
none of the above
electrical insulator
electric force
c.
d.
polarization
electrical conductor
electrical conductor
electrical insulator
c.
d.
coulomb
electric charge
semiconductor
conductor
c.
d.
superconductor
insulator
In most cases, increasing the temperature of an object will ____________ its resistance.
a.
b.
____
c.
d.
Which of the following has the lowest resistance?
a.
b.
____
10 m/s
9 m/s
The SI unit of electric charge is a/an
a.
b.
____
potential energy
mechanical energy
The alignment of charges at the surface of an object producing an induced charge is called
a.
b.
____
c.
d.
The electric force between two objects ____________ when the distance between them decreases.
a.
b.
____
nonmechanical energy
kinetic energy
87. At the top of its arc, a thrown ball has ____________ potential energy.
a.
b.
____
potential energy
mechanical energy
86. An object has a kinetic energy of 810 J after falling a certain distance. If the mass of the object is 20 kg, what is the
speed of the object at this time?
a.
b.
____
c.
d.
85. The energy of an object due to its position, shape, or condition is called:
a.
b.
____
nonmechanical energy
kinetic energy
increase
decrease
c.
d.
have no effect on
nullify
Individual components in a parallel circuit experience the same
a.
b.
____
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.
switch
parallel circuit
c.
d.
series circuit
fuse
switch
parallel circuit
c.
d.
series circuit
fuse
switch
parallel circuit
c.
d.
series circuit
fuse
switch
electric power
c.
d.
series circuit
short circuit
A circuit in which the components form a single path is called:
a.
b.
____
open
parallel
A low-resistance alternative pathway for current to travel in a circuit:
a.
b.
____
c.
d.
A device used to open or close an electric circuit:
a.
b.
____
closed
series
A device that contains a metal strip that melts when a certain current is exceeded:
a.
b.
____
power
dissipation
A circuit in which two or more paths are connected to the voltage source:
a.
b.
____
c.
d.
A circuit breaker acts as a switch creating a(n) ____________ circuit when current is too high.
a.
b.
____
voltage
current
switch
electric power
c.
d.
series circuit
short circuit
The rate at which electrical work is done is called:
a.
b.
switch
electric power
c.
d.
series circuit
short circuit